Influence of Teucrium polium L. essential oil on the oxidative stability of canola oil during storage

Berberis integerrima bioactive molecules loaded in chitosan-based electrospun nanofibers for soybean oil oxidative protection

Natural bioactive molecules such as phenolic acids and alkaloids play a crucial role in preserving the quality and safety of food products, particularly oils, by preventing oxidation. Berberis integerrima, a rich source of such antioxidants, has been explored in this study for its potential application in soybean oil preservation. Electrospun nanofibers, composed of polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan, were fabricated and loaded with an alcoholic extract of Berberis integerrima. The antioxidant activity of Berberis integerrima was evaluated, and the phenolic compounds contributing to its efficacy were identified and quantified. The physicochemical properties of the polyvinyl alcohol /chitosan/Berberis integerrima nanofibers, including morphology, crystallinity, functional groups, and thermal stability, were characterized. The results revealed that the polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan/Berberis integerrima nanofibers exhibited high antioxidant capacity and improved the stability of Berberis integerrima, indicating their potential as effective and biodegradable materials for food preservation. This study underscores the potential of harnessing natural antioxidants from Berberis integerrima in nanofibers to enhance the quality and safety of soybean oil.

Evaluation of Yield, Chemical Profile, and Antimicrobial Activity of Teucrium polium L. Essential Oil Used in Iranian Folk Medicine

Teucrium polium L. is used to treat many diseases like abdominal pains, indigestion, colds, and reproductive system diseases in Iranian folk medicine. This study was designed to investigate the yield, chemical profile of essential oil, and antibacterial and antifungal activity of this species. The flowering aerial parts of T. polium were collected from the Margh region of Kashan, Iran. The essential oil of the plant was extracted and separated using the Clevenger apparatus and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil against a variety of standard microbial strains was investigated with the Agar well-diffusion method and determination of the lowest growth inhibitory and lethal concentration (MIC and MBC). The results showed that the yield of T. polium essential oil (TPEO) was 0.5778%. Based on the results of GC-MS, 76 compounds (99.3%) were identified in the TPEO, of which α-pinene (9.67%), β-caryophyllene (8.07%), β-pinene (5.04%), nerolidol (4.94%), and oleic acid (4.57%) were the dominant components. The results of antimicrobial tests showed that the TPEO on Staphylococcus aureus created the largest zone of inhibition (~ 14.29 mm). The dominant inhibitory activity of this essential oil was against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (~ 9.00 mm), which was almost similar to rifampin (~ 11 mm). It seems that the predominance of terpenoid and acidic compounds of the essential oil is one of the possible factors of the anti-bacterial activity of this essential oil. Therefore, the TPEO may be a promising and potential strategy to inhibit some bacterial strains.

Innovative Strategy for Aroma Stabilization Using Green Solvents: Supercritical CO2 Extracts of Satureja montana Dispersed in Deep Eutectic Solvents

The aim of this work was to establish the potential of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) for the stabilization of aroma volatile organic compounds from a natural source. Satureja montana was used as a source of volatile components, as it is rich in terpenes of great commercial and biological importance, such as carvacrol, thymol, and thymoquinone, among others. Supercritical CO₂ was used to extract the lipophilic fraction of S. montana, which was further directly dispersed in NADES. The stabilizing capacity of seven different NADES based on betaine and glycerol was analyzed. The stability of the components in NADES was monitored by analyzing the headspace profile during 6 months of storage at room temperature. The changes in the headspace profile over time were analyzed by using different statistical and chemometric tools and the Wilcoxon matched pair test. It was determined that alterations over time occurred such as degradation and oxidation, and they were the most prominent in the control. In addition, the indicator of decreased stability of the control was the formation of the new compounds that could compromise the quality of the product. In the stabilized NADES samples, the changes were significantly less prominent, indicating that the NADES had a stabilizing effect on the volatile compounds. According to Wilcoxon matched pair test, the most efficient stability was achieved by using betaine/ethylene glycol, glycerol/glucose, and betaine/sorbitol/water. Therefore, by applying two green solvents, a sustainable approach for obtaining pure and high-quality S. montana extracts with extended stability at room temperature was established.

Herbal Leaves Can Suppress Oxidation of Perilla Oil

Perilla oil is a valuable food source of α-linolenic acids. However, its high reactivity with oxygen shortens its shelf-life after opening. This study investigated the antioxidative profiles of 15 plant materials, including herbs, and examined methods to suppress the oxidation of perilla oil using these plant materials. These plant materials had wide ranges of phenolic, carotenoid, and chlorophyll contents. They exhibit radical scavenging activities and suppress lipid peroxidation, which show highly positive correlations with the phenolic contents. Dipping most of the plant materials examined in perilla oil suppressed its oxidation, and the peroxide values of the oil mixtures indicated a negative correlation with the carotenoid and chlorophyll contents of the plant materials. The leaves of Angelica, Astragalus, and Thyme herbs exhibited the same effect as that of ascorbyl palmitate, which was used as a positive control after 8 wk of incubation in the dark. The suppression of lipid peroxidation was found to be related to the herbal contents of carotenoids and chlorophylls, rather than phenols. Hence, herbal leaves can suppress the oxidation of perilla oil in the dark. The oxidation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids could be suppressed effectively by utilizing plant materials with abundant carotenoids and chlorophylls.

Bio-Active Compounds from Teucrium Plants Used in the Traditional Medicine of Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Herbal medicine is still widely practiced in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq, especially by people living in villages in mountainous regions. Seven taxa belonging to the genus Teucrium (family Lamiaceae) are commonly employed in the Kurdish traditional medicine, especially to treat jaundice, stomachache and abdominal problems. We report, in this paper, a comprehensive account about the chemical structures and bioactivities of most representative specialized metabolites isolated from these plants. These findings indicate that Teucrium plants used in the folk medicine of Iraqi Kurdistan are natural sources of specialized metabolites that are potentially beneficial to human health.

Health Benefits, Pharmacological Effects, Molecular Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential of α-Bisabolol

α-Bisabolol is one of the important monocyclic sesquiterpenes, derived naturally from essential oils of many edible and ornamental plants. It was first obtained from Matricaria chamomilla, commonly known as chamomile or German chamomile. The available literature indicates that this plant along with other α-Bisabolol containing plants is popularly used in traditional medicine for potential health benefits and general wellbeing. Nutritional studies are indicative of the health benefits of α-Bisabolol. Numerous experimental studies demonstrated pharmacological properties of α-Bisabolol including anticancer, antinociceptive, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and antimicrobial. This review aims to collectively present different pharmacological activities based on both in vitro and in vivo studies. In the present review using synoptic tables and figures, we comprehensively present that α-Bisabolol possesses therapeutic and protective activities, therefore, it can be used for potential health benefits based on pharmacological effects, underlying molecular mechanism, and favorable pharmaceutical properties. Based on the studies mostly performed on cell lines or animal models, it is evident that α-Bisabolol may be a promising nutraceutical and phytomedicine to target aberrant biological mechanisms which result in altered physiological processes and various ailments. Given the polypharmacological effects and pleiotropic properties, along with favorable pharmacokinetics, and dietary availability and safety, α-Bisabolol can be used as a dietary agent, nutraceutical or phytopharmaceutical agent or as an adjuvant with currently available modern medicines. The regulatory approval of this molecule for use as food additives, and in cosmetics and fragrance industry is also supportive of its human usage. Moreover, further studies are necessary to address pharmaceutical, pharmacological, and toxicological aspects before clinical or nutritional usage in humans. The biological actions and health benefits open opportunities for pharmaceutical development with pharmacological basis of its use in future therapeutics.

Teucrium polium L: An updated review of phytochemicals and biological activities

OBJECTIVE

Medicinal plants and their components are potential novel sources for developing drugs against various diseases. Teucrium polium L. (syn Teucrium capitatum L. or felty germander) from the Lamiaceae family, is widely distributed in the dry and stony places of the hills and deserts of almost all Mediterranean countries, southwestern Asia, Europe, and North Africa. Based on traditional Iranian medicine (TIM), T. polium is used for treating many diseases, including abdominal pain, indigestion, and type 2 diabetes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In our previous review article published in 2012 and based on 100 articles published from 1970 to 2010, the main compounds purified from T. polium were terpenes, terpenoids, and flavonoids with antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, antibacterial, and antifungal activities.

RESULTS

In this article, the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the plant reported from 2011 to 2020 have been evaluated. Therefore, a search was done in the databases PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science with the terms "T. polium," "T. capitatum." and felty germander', which included about 100 articles published since 2011 about T. polium pharmacological activities and isolated compounds. Most studies of this review focused on the antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of the plant.

CONCLUSION

Considering the position of T. polium in folk medicine, mainly as an antidiabetic agent, purification, structural and biological characterization of the active components appears essential for effective use of the plant.

Use composite coating of chitosan-chia seed gum enriched with microliposomes of Bay laurel essential oil to increase the shelf life of quail fillets

In this study, the effect of composite chitosan-chia seed coating (CH-CG) with Bay laurel (Laurus nobilis) essential oil (BE) in two forms including free and nanocapsulated on the shelf life of quail fillets during the 16-day refrigeration (4 ± 1℃) period was investigated. For this purpose, first, BE was extracted by Clevenger apparatus. Then, nanoliposomes BE were produced, and the properties of BE and nanoliposomes BE were investigated. In order to investigate the shelf life of quail, 6 treatments were produced including 1: control (C), 2: CH-CG, CH-CG+BE at 800 ppm, 3: CH-CG+BE at 1600 ppm, 4: CH-CG+nano BE at 800 ppm, 5: CH-CG+nano BE at 1600 ppm, and periodically chemical parameters (peroxide value, free fatty acid, total volatile basic nitrogen, texture firmness, and chewing ability) and microbial (total viable bacteria (TVC) and psychrotrophic bacteria), and the effect of different treatments on control in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus inoculated populations in quail was also investigated. The BE had high antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The particle size and microencapsulation efficiency of BE nanoliposome were 98.3 nm and 75.95%, respectively. The results of chemical and microbial analysis showed that in general, the coating with essential oil slowed down the increasing trend of oxidation and microbial indices compared to the control treatment and nanocapsulation of essential oil has increased its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties (p < .05). At the end of storage period, in all tests, treatments of 3, 4, and 5 had the allowed microbial and chemical range and they also inhibited the growth of these bacteria (p < .05). Overall, considering the higher sensory score of treatment 4 and economic efficiency, it seems that this treatment can be used as a natural preservative in the meat industry.

Terpenoids and Polyphenols as Natural Antioxidant Agents in Food Preservation

Synthetic antioxidant food additives, such as BHA, BHT and TBHQ, are going through a difficult time, since these products generate a negative perception in consumers. This has generated an increased pressure on food manufacturers to search for safer natural alternatives like phytochemicals (such as polyphenols, including flavonoids, and essential oils rich in terpenoids, including carotenoids). These plant bioactive compounds have antioxidant activities widely proven in in vitro tests and in diverse food matrices (meat, fish, oil and vegetables). As tons of food are wasted every year due to aesthetic reasons (lipid oxidation) and premature damage caused by inappropriate packaging, there is an urgent need for natural antioxidants capable of replacing the synthetic ones to meet consumer demands. This review summarizes industrially interesting antioxidant bioactivities associated with terpenoids and polyphenols with respect to the prevention of lipid oxidation in high fat containing foods, such as meat (rich in saturated fat), fish (rich in polyunsaturated fat), oil and vegetable products, while avoiding the generation of rancid flavors and negative visual deterioration (such as color changes due to oxidized lipids). Terpenoids (like monoterpenes and carotenoids) and polyphenols (like quercetin and other flavonoids) are important phytochemicals with a broad range of antioxidant effects. These phytochemicals are widely distributed in fruits and vegetables, including agricultural waste, and are remarkably useful in food preservation, as they show bioactivity as plant antioxidants, able to scavenge reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, such as superoxide, hydroxyl or peroxyl radicals in meat and other products, contributing to the prevention of lipid oxidation processes in food matrices.

Improvement for Oxidative Stability and Sensory Properties of Sunflower Oil Flavored by Huai Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat. Essential Oil during Accelerated Storage

Flavored oils, as one of the most important condiments in cuisine, are widely used in vegetable oils all over the world. The oxidative stability and sensory qualities of sunflower oil, flavored by essential oil obtained from Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat. (HCEO) extraction, were studied. After the accelerated storage at 65 °C for 30 days, HCEO (1600 mg/kg) was able to markedly inhibit the increase in some important indicators of lipid alteration, among which acidity, peroxide, ρ-anisidine and total oxidation values, together with other parameters (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, conjugated dienes and trienes). Finally, it was observed that the sunflower oil flavored by HCEO (1600 mg/kg) restrain the modifications of fatty acid compositions and showed improved sensory properties in respect to non-added oil. Consequently, HCEO can be considered a valid additive for flavored vegetable oils with antioxidant effects.

Steryl Sinapate as a New Antioxidant to Improve Rapeseed Oil Quality during Accelerated Shelf Life

In recent years, steryl esters have become an attractive for the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Hence, the effect of exogenous antioxidant, β-sitosteryl sinapate on oxidative stability and antioxidant activity (AA) of refined rapeseed oil was evaluated by the accelerated shelf-life test. Oxidative parameters of refined rapeseed oil—peroxide value (PV), anisidine value (p-AnV), acid value (AV), and spectrophotometric indices (K₂₃₂, K₂₆₈)—increased during storage. However, the addition of β-sitosteryl sinapate caused a decrease of the primary and secondary oxidation products in the supplemented oils in comparison with the control sample. Moreover, oils with steryl ester had higher AA than oil without the synthetic antioxidant. The accelerated storage negatively affected the antioxidant potential of refined and enriched oils causing the AA decrease by 25–54% and 7–15%, respectively. Studies have consistently demonstrated beneficial associations between the presence of β-sitosteryl sinapate in oil samples and the inhibition of their oxidative degradation under the accelerated conditions. Additionally, the possibility of using the synchronous fluorescence (SF) spectroscopy and excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy for identification and observing changes in main fluorescent components present in non-supplemented and supplemented rapeseed oils during the accelerated storage was attempted.

A Review of the Phytochemistry, Traditional Uses and Biological Activities of the Essential Oils of Genus Teucrium

The genus Teucrium is a large and polymorphic genus of the Lamiaceae family distributed in mild climate zones, particularly in the Mediterranean basin and Central Asia. Studies of nonvolatile constituents of Teucrium species showed that they are a rich source of neo-clerodane diterpenoids, considered as chemotaxonomic markers of the genus. In addition to the nonvolatile metabolites, there has been a large interest in the essential oils of this genus. In this review, a complete survey of the chemical composition and biological properties of the essential oils isolated from Teucrium taxa is provided. In traditional medicine, since ancient times, species of this genus have been widely implemented for their biological properties, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, insecticidal, anti-malaria, etc. Therefore, a complete review of all of the traditional uses of Teucrium taxa are also reported.

Extraction of pumpkin peel extract using supercritical CO2 and subcritical water technology: Enhancing oxidative stability of canola oil

In this study, subcritical water extraction (SWE) and the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) methods were used for the extraction of pumpkin peel extract. Total phenolic content and carotenoid compounds of extracts were measured. The extracts were added to canola oil at a concentration of 400 ppm and were stored at 30 °C for 60 days. The peroxide, carbonyl and acid values of the oil samples were measured, then compared with 100 ppm of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) synthetic antioxidants. The results showed that the total phenol content of obtained extract by SFE (353.5 mg GA/100 g extract) was higher than by SWE (213.6 mg GA/100 g extract), while the carotenoid content was higher for obtained extract by SWE (15.22 mg/100 g extract) compared to SFE (11.48 mg/100 g extract). The result of oil oxidation showed that the oxidative stability of the oil containing the mixed extract (SFE-SWE) is higher than the separate extract, consequently showing higher performance in preventing oil oxidation compared to TBHQ.

Antioxidant Activity and Sensory Improvement of Angelica dahurica cv. Yubaizhi Essential Oil on Sunflower Oil during High-temperature Storage

The oxidative state of sunflower oil during high-temperature storage has been facing large challenges. In the study, the antioxidant effect of the essential oil of Angelica dahurica cv. Yubaizhi (ADEO) in sunflower oil was explored. In the high-temperature storage for 24 days at 65 °C, ADEO (800 ppm) was able to markedly inhibit the development of the acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV), p-anisidine value (AnV), total oxidation value (TOTOX), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total polar compounds (TPC), and the absorbance at 232 and 268 nm (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) of sunflower oil and to prominently inhibit the transformation between unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA). Interestingly, the synergistic effect of ADEO (400 ppm) and tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ, 100 ppm) was demonstrated. Furthermore, the sensory attributes such as flavor, taste, and overall acceptability of oxidized sunflower oil added by ADEO at 200, 400, and 800 ppm were memorably elevated (p < 0.05). Besides, one of its main compounds, myrcene, was demonstrated to be its active compound during the whole investigation. Consequently, TBHQ at 200 ppm could be substituted by ADEO at 800 ppm and myrcene at 69.8 ppm in the high-temperature storage at 65 °C of sunflower oil.

The effect of encapsulated plant extract of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) in biopolymer nanoemulsions of Lepidium perfoliatum and Orchis mascula on controlling oxidative stability of soybean oil

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of encapsulation method on antioxidant properties of Hyssop (Hyssopus Officinalis L.) extract. The extracts of the Hyssop were obtained by ultrasound assisted techniques, and the amount of phenolic compounds was 117.43 ± 9.22 (mg of gallic acid per 100 g of extract). The antioxidant activity of extracts in concentrations of 100, 200, 300, and 400 ppm was measured using DPPH free radical scavenging method and compared with 100 ppm of TBHQ synthetic antioxidants. The results showed that by increasing in concentration of the extract, the antioxidant activity of the extract increased. The Lepidium perfoliatum seed gum and Orchis mascula were chosen as coating material. Encapsulation was performed by emulsion production method. The antioxidant effects of nanocapsules in oil during 40 days of storage at 60°C were measured, which increased the oxidation of oil over time. The lowest amount of oil oxidation during storage compared to control samples was observed in samples containing nano encapsulated Hyssop extract due to reducing in release rate of the extract during storage and more protection of the extract. The results of this study suggest that encapsulation is an effective way to increase the antioxidant activity of the extract and could be increased the shelf life of edible oils with natural antioxidants.

Frying stability of canola oil supplemented with ultrasound-assisted extraction of Teucrium polium

In this study, antioxidant activity and protective effects of Teucrium polium extract in stabilizing of canola oil during frying were tested and compared to synthetic antioxidant, BHA. Total phenolic, α-tocopherol, flavonoid, and condensed tannin content of Teucrium polium extracted by ethanol ultrasound-assisted were 60.90 mg/g, 103.66 μg/ml, 4.36 mg/g, and 3.77 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, IC50 of the extract was 924.21 ppm. Canola oil samples containing 200, 600, and 1,000 ppm of the extract were heated at 180˚C for 30 hr and compared with BHA. Progress of oil oxidation was determined by measuring their peroxide value (PV), acid value (AV), iodine value (IV), carbonyl value (CV), color index (CI), conjugated diene value, and total polar compounds (TPC). The results showed that the extract was capable of retarding oil oxidation and deterioration significantly (p < .05) at all concentrations during frying. So, Teucrium polium extract can be used as natural antioxidant to retard oil oxidation.

Changes in chemical composition and biological activity of essential oil from Thomson navel orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) peel under freezing, convective, vacuum, and microwave drying methods

Thomson navel orange peel is a by-product of citrus processing, which contains high levels of bioactive compounds advantageous to human health, nevertheless due to its high moisture content it is exceedingly perishable. Drying is among the most common preservation methods, which could prolong the plants shelf-life via reducing their moisture value. Taking this into account, depending on their type and conditions, drying techniques could degrade plant heat-sensitive metabolites and lead to quality decline. Therefore, the goal of this paper was to investigate the influence of seven drying methods named sun, shade, oven, vacuum oven, microwave, and freeze-drying with different drying conditions on the physical properties, for example, bulk density and color (L*, a*, b*, ΔE, and browning index (BI)) and essential oil characteristics such as extraction yield, chemical composition, antioxidant (total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH, and FRAP essays), and antimicrobial (MIC and MBC) activities of Thomson peel and determine the superior drying procedure. Results showed that freeze-dried sample had the highest retention of L* (48.54) and b* (49.00) values, lowest BI (216.11) as well as highest EO extraction yield (6.90%), TPC (60.10 GAE/100 g), FRAP (0.52% at 80 mg/ml), and lowest IC50 (5.00 mg/ml), MIC and MBC compared with other drying treatments. Therefore, it could be inferred that freeze-drying is the most efficient drying approach in respect of preserving both physical and EO attributes of Thomson peel.

Evaluation of antioxidant properties of lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) essential oil and its capacity in sunflower oil stabilization during storage time

In this study, lemon verbena essential oil as a natural antioxidant was used to increase the stability of sunflower oil, and stabilization effects in terms of storage conditions were compared with synthetic antioxidant (BHT). For this purpose, the antioxidant activity of the essential oil was determined by DPPH assay and β-carotene bleaching method. Then, lemon verbena essential oil (0, 400, 800, and 1,600 ppm) was added to sunflower oil without synthetic antioxidant and stored at 60°C for 60 days. Results from different parameters (peroxide value, free fatty acid, iodine value, total polar compound, carbonyl value, conjugated dienes, and oxidative stability index) were in agreement with each other, suggesting that lemon verbena essential oil (1,600 ppm) could act better than BHT in inhibition of lipid oxidation in sunflower oil and can be used as predominant alternative of synthetic antioxidants.