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Neoh ZY, Lai HC, Lin CC, Suwor P, Tsai WS. Genetic Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Cucurbit-Infecting Begomoviruses in the Philippines. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:272. [PMID: 36678986 PMCID: PMC9862860 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbits are important economic crops worldwide. However, the cucurbit leaf curl disease (CuLCD), caused by whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses constrains their production. In Southeast Asia, three major begomoviruses, Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), Squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV) and Squash leaf curl Philippines virus (SLCuPV) are associated with CuLCD. SLCuPV and SLCCNV were identified in Luzon, the Philippines. Here, the genetic diversity and geographic distribution of CuLCD-associated begomoviruses in the Philippines were studied based on 103 begomovirus detected out of 249 cucurbit samples collected from 60 locations throughout the country in 2018 and 2019. The presence of SLCCNV and SLCuPV throughout the Philippines were confirmed by begomovirus PCR detection and viral DNA sequence analysis. SLCuPV was determined as a predominant CuLCD-associated begomovirus and grouped into two strains. Interestingly, SLCCNV was detected in pumpkin and bottle gourd without associated viral DNA-B and mixed-infected with SLCuPV. Furthermore, the pathogenicity of selected isolates of SLCCNV and SLCuPV was confirmed. The results provide virus genetic diversity associated with CuLCD for further disease management, especially in developing the disease-resistant cultivars in the Philippines as well as Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan Yi Neoh
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 600355, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Chun Lai
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 600355, Taiwan
| | | | - Patcharaporn Suwor
- Agriculture Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Wen-Shi Tsai
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 600355, Taiwan
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Venkataravanappa V, Kodandaram MH, Prasanna HC, Reddy MK, Reddy CNL. Unraveling different begomoviruses, DNA satellites and cryptic species of Bemisia tabaci and their endosymbionts in vegetable ecosystem. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105892. [PMID: 36502993 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci species complex contains more than 46 cryptic species. It has emerged as an important pest causing significant yield loss in many cultivated crops. This pest is also a vector for more than 100 species of begomoviruses, that are a major threat for the cultivation of many crops in different regions of the world. The relation between cryptic species of the B. tabaci species complex and associated begomoviruses that infect different crops remains unclear. In the present study, four cryptic species (Asia I, China 3, Asia II 5 and Asia II-1) of B. tabaci and four associated endosymbionts (Arsenophonus, Cardinium, Rickettsia and Wolbachia) were identified in different vegetable crops. The vector-based PCR detection revealed five different begomoviruses such as okra enation leaf curl virus (OELCuV), tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (ToLCPalV), squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV), chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCuV), and tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV). Of these begomoviruses, the maximum infection rate was observed (9.1%) for OELCuV, followed by 7.3% for ToLCNDV. The infection rate of the other three viruses (SLCCNV, ChiLCuV, ToLCPalV) ranged from 0.9 to 2.7% in cryptic species of B. tabaci. Further, each cryptic species was infected with multiple virus species and the virus infection rate of Asia I, Asia II-5, China 3 and Asia II-1 was 21.2%, 15.1%, 15.1% and 0.6% respectively. Similarly, in case of betasatellites the highest infection rate was 12% for ToLCBDB, followed by 6% for OLCuB and PaLCB. With regard to alphasatellites, the highest infection rate was 18.2% for AEV and 3% for CLCuMuA. This study demonstrates the distribution of cryptic species of whitefly and their endosymbionts, and associated begomoviruses and DNA satellites in vegetable ecosystem. We believe that the information generated here is useful for evolving an effective pest management strategies for vegetable production.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Venkataravanappa
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bengaluru, 560089, Karnataka, India; ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - M H Kodandaram
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Regional Research Center, UAS Campus, Dharwad, 580005, Karnataka, India; ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - H C Prasanna
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bengaluru, 560089, Karnataka, India; ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Krishna Reddy
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bengaluru, 560089, Karnataka, India
| | - C N Lakshminarayana Reddy
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, 560065, Karnataka, India
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