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Xu S, Trujillo FJ, Xu J, Boyer C, Corrigan N. Influence of Molecular Weight Distribution on the Thermoresponsive Transition of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100212. [PMID: 34121259 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) homopolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions (MWDs) is prepared via photoinduced electron/energy transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization. The thermal transition temperature of these polymer samples is analyzed via turbidity measurements in water/N,N'-dimethylformamide mixtures, which show that the cloud point temperatures are inversely proportional to the weight average molecular weight (Mw ). Binary mixtures of the narrowly distributed PNIPAm samples are also prepared and the statistical parameters for the MWDs of these blends are determined. Very interestingly, for binary blends of the PNIPAm samples, the thermoresponsive transition is not only dependent on the Mw , which has been shown previously, but also on higher order statistical parameters of the MWDs. Specifically, at very high values of skewness and kurtosis, the polymer blends deviate from a single sharp thermoresponsive transition toward a broader thermal response, and eventually to a regime of two more distinct transitions. This work highlights the importance of in-depth characterization of polymer MWDs for thermoresponsive polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Francisco J Trujillo
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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2
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He L, Vibhagool S, Zhao H, Hoven V, Theato P. Photocaged PNIPAM: A Light Tunable Thermal Responsive Polymer. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lirong He
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry; University of Hamburg; Bundesstrasse 45 D-20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Soravis Vibhagool
- Department of Chemistry; Chulalongkorn University; Phayathai Road Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Hui Zhao
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry; University of Hamburg; Bundesstrasse 45 D-20146 Hamburg Germany
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu 610000 China
| | - Voravee Hoven
- Department of Chemistry; Chulalongkorn University; Phayathai Road Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Patrick Theato
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry; University of Hamburg; Bundesstrasse 45 D-20146 Hamburg Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesser Str. 18 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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3
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Won S, Phillips DJ, Walker M, Gibson MI. Co-operative transitions of responsive-polymer coated gold nanoparticles; precision tuning and direct evidence for co-operative aggregation. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5673-5682. [PMID: 27746916 PMCID: PMC5038384 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01336h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Responsive polymers and polymer-coated nanoparticles have many potential bio-applications with the crucial parameter being the exact temperature where the transition occurs. Chemical modification of hydrophobic/hydrophilic or ligand binding sites has been widely explored as a tool for controlling this transition, but requires the synthesis of many different components to achieve precise control. This study reports an extensive investigation into the use of blending (i.e. mixing) as a powerful tool to modulate the transition temperature of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) coated gold nanoparticles. By simply mixing two nanoparticles of different compositions, precise control over the transition temperature can be imposed. This was shown to be flexible to all possible mixing parameters (different polymers on different particles, different polymers on same particles and different sized particles with identical/different polymers). Evidence of the co-operative aggregation of differently sized nanoparticles (with different cloud points) is shown using transmission electron microscopy; particles with higher cloud points aggregate with those with lower cloud points with homo-aggregates not seen, demonstrating the co-operative behaviour. These interactions, and the opportunities for transition tuning will have implications in the rational design of responsive biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangho Won
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK .
| | - Daniel J Phillips
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK .
| | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK . ; Warwick Medical School , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK
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Biggs CI, Walker M, Gibson MI. "Grafting to" of RAFTed Responsive Polymers to Glass Substrates by Thiol-Ene and Critical Comparison to Thiol-Gold Coupling. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2626-33. [PMID: 27409356 PMCID: PMC4979048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface-grafted polymers have been widely applied to modulate biological interfaces and introduce additional functionality. Polymers derived from reversible addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization have a masked thiol at the ω-chain end providing an anchor point for conjugation and in particular displays high affinity for gold surfaces (both flat and particulate). In this work, we report the direct grafting of RAFTed polymers by a "thiol-ene click" (Michael addition) onto glass substrates rather than gold, which provides a more versatile surface for subsequent array-based applications but retains the simplicity. The immobilization of two thermoresponsive polymers are studied here, poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] (pOEGMA) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM). Using a range of surface analysis techniques the grafting efficiency was compared to thiol-gold and was quantitatively compared to the gold alternative using quartz crystal microbalance. It is shown that this method gives easy access to grafted polymer surfaces with pNIPAM resulting in significantly increased surface coverage compared to pOEGMA. The nonfouling (protein resistance) character of these surfaces is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline I. Biggs
- Department of Chemistry, Warwick Medical School, and Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Warwick Medical School, and Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, Warwick Medical School, and Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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Simula A, Nikolaou V, Anastasaki A, Alsubaie F, Nurumbetov G, Wilson P, Kempe K, Haddleton DM. Synthesis of well-defined α,ω-telechelic multiblock copolymers in aqueous medium: in situ generation of α,ω-diols. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01802h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of well-defined α,ω-dihydroxyl telechelic multiblock copolymers by sequential in situ chain extensions via aqueous Cu(0) mediated living radical polymerization (SET-LRP) is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul Wilson
- University of Warwick
- Chemistry Department
- Coventry
- UK
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Kristian Kempe
- University of Warwick
- Chemistry Department
- Coventry
- UK
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - David M. Haddleton
- University of Warwick
- Chemistry Department
- Coventry
- UK
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Zhang Y, Panneerselvam K, Ogaki R, Hosta-Rigau L, van der Westen R, Jensen BEB, Teo BM, Zhu M, Städler B. Assembly of poly(dopamine)/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) mixed films and their temperature-dependent interaction with proteins, liposomes, and cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:10213-10222. [PMID: 23902279 DOI: 10.1021/la402118u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Many biomedical applications benefit from responsive polymer coatings. The properties of poly(dopamine) (PDA) films can be affected by codepositing dopamine (DA) with the temperature-responsive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNiPAAm). We characterize the film assembly at 24 and 39 °C using DA and aminated or carboxylated pNiPAAm by a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-vis, ellipsometry, and atomic force microscopy. It was found that pNiPAAm with both types of end groups are incorporated into the films. We then identified a temperature-dependent adsorption behavior of proteins and liposomes to these PDA and pNiPAAm containing coatings by QCM-D and optical microscopy. Finally, a difference in myoblast cell response was found when these cells were allowed to adhere to these coatings. Taken together, these fundamental findings considerably broaden the potential biomedical applications of PDA films due to the added temperature responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
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Chang K, Rubright NC, Lowery PD, Taite LJ. Structural optimization of highly branched thermally responsive polymers as a means of controlling transition temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Chen N, Xiang X, Tiwari A, Heiden PA. Tuning thermoresponsive behavior of diblock copolymers and their gold core hybrids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 391:60-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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9
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Liu Z, Liao Q, Yang D, Gao Y, Luo X, Lei Z, Li H. Well-defined poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with a bifunctional end-group: synthesis, characterization, and thermoresponsive properties. Des Monomers Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2012.747165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- a College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan , 411105 , Hunan Province , P.R. China
| | - Qiulin Liao
- a College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan , 411105 , Hunan Province , P.R. China
| | - Duanguang Yang
- a College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan , 411105 , Hunan Province , P.R. China
| | - Yong Gao
- a College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan , 411105 , Hunan Province , P.R. China
| | - Xujun Luo
- a College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan , 411105 , Hunan Province , P.R. China
| | - Zhidan Lei
- a College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan , 411105 , Hunan Province , P.R. China
| | - Huaming Li
- a College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan , 411105 , Hunan Province , P.R. China
- b Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymeric Materials of College of Hunan Province , Xiangtan , 411105 , Hunan Province , P.R. China
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10
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Ieong NS, Hasan M, Phillips DJ, Saaka Y, O'Reilly RK, Gibson MI. Polymers with molecular weight dependent LCSTs are essential for cooperative behaviour. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py00604a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Barner L, Quick AS, Vogt AP, Winkler V, Junkers T, Barner-Kowollik C. Thermally responsive core–shell microparticles and cross-linked networks based on nitrone chemistry. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20272g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Complex cross-linked soluble architectures are generated using nitrone mediated chemistry and are subsequently cleaved into network fragments. Nitrone mediated reactions are additionally applied for the synthesis of stimuli-responsive microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Barner
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen 1, and Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Alexander S. Quick
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Andrew P. Vogt
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Volker Winkler
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Institute for Materials Research
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- Universiteit Hasselt, Agoralaan
- BE-3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen 1, and Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
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12
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Phillips DJ, Gibson MI. Degradable thermoresponsive polymers which display redox-responsive LCST Behaviour. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:1054-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc16323j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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13
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Chang K, Dicke ZT, Taite LJ. Engineering a sharp physiological transition state for poly(n-isopropylacrylamide) through structural control. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.25854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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McKee JR, Ladmiral V, Niskanen J, Tenhu H, Armes SP. Synthesis of Sterically-Stabilized Polystyrene Latexes Using Well-Defined Thermoresponsive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Macromonomers. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2016584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. R. McKee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PB 55, FIN-00014 HY Helsinki, Finland
| | - V. Ladmiral
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - J. Niskanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PB 55, FIN-00014 HY Helsinki, Finland
| | - H. Tenhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PB 55, FIN-00014 HY Helsinki, Finland
| | - S. P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, U.K
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Chambon P, Chen L, Furzeland S, Atkins D, Weaver JVM, Adams DJ. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) branched polymer nanoparticles. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00369g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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