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Mendrek B, Oleszko-Torbus N, Teper P, Kowalczuk A. Towards a modern generation of polymer surfaces: nano- and microlayers of star macromolecules and their design for applications in biology and medicine. Prog Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2023.101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Frieß FV, Hu Q, Mayer J, Gemmer L, Presser V, Balzer BN, Gallei M. Nanoporous Block Copolymer Membranes with Enhanced Solvent Resistance Via UV-Mediated Cross-Linking Strategies. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100632. [PMID: 34752668 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a block copolymer (BCP) consisting of poly((butyl methacrylate-co-benzophenone methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate)-block-(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)) (P(BMA-co-BPMA-co-MMA)-b-P(HEMA)) is prepared by a two-step atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) procedure. BCP membranes are fabricated applying the self-assembly and nonsolvent induced phase separation (SNIPS) process from a ternary solvent mixture of tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1,4-dioxane, and dimethylformamide (DMF). The presence of a porous top layer of the integral asymmetric membrane featuring pores of about 30 nm is confirmed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). UV-mediated cross-linking protocols for the nanoporous membrane are adjusted to maintain the open and isoporous top layer. The swelling capability of the noncross-linked and cross-linked BCP membranes is investigated in water, water/ethanol mixture (1:1), and pure ethanol using atomic force microscopy, proving a stabilizing effect of the UV cross-linking on the porous structures. Finally, the influence of the herein described cross-linking protocols on water-flux measurements for the obtained membranes is explored. As a result, an increased swelling resistance for all tested solvents is found, leading to an increased water flux compared to the pristine membrane. The herein established UV-mediated cross-linking protocol is expected to pave the way to a new generation of porous and stabilized membranes within the fields of separation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian V Frieß
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Saarene, Saarland Center for Energy Materials and Sustainability, Campus C4 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Qiwei Hu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jannik Mayer
- Ernst-Berl-Institute of Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lea Gemmer
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Saarene, Saarland Center for Energy Materials and Sustainability, Campus C4 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Volker Presser
- Saarene, Saarland Center for Energy Materials and Sustainability, Campus C4 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,INM - Leibniz-Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bizan N Balzer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Saarene, Saarland Center for Energy Materials and Sustainability, Campus C4 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Oseghale CO, Mogudi BM, Onisuru OR, Akinnawo CA, Fapojuwo DP, Meijboom R. Stable and Surface‐active Co Nanoparticles Formed from Cation (
x
) Promoted Au/
x
‐Co
3
O
4
(
x
=Cs) as Selective Catalyst for [2+2+1] Cyclization Reactions. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles O. Oseghale
- Department of Chemical Sciences Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis University of Johannesburg Auckland Park 2006 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Batsile M. Mogudi
- Department of Chemical Sciences Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis University of Johannesburg Auckland Park 2006 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Oluwatayo Racheal Onisuru
- Department of Chemical Sciences Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis University of Johannesburg Auckland Park 2006 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Christianah Aarinola Akinnawo
- Department of Chemical Sciences Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis University of Johannesburg Auckland Park 2006 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Dele Peter Fapojuwo
- Department of Chemical Sciences Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis University of Johannesburg Auckland Park 2006 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Reinout Meijboom
- Department of Chemical Sciences Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis University of Johannesburg Auckland Park 2006 Johannesburg South Africa
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