1
|
Levis C, Flores BM, Campos-Silva JV, Peroni N, Staal A, Padgurschi MCG, Dorshow W, Moraes B, Schmidt M, Kuikuro TW, Kuikuro H, Wauja K, Kuikuro K, Kuikuro A, Fausto C, Franchetto B, Watling J, Lima H, Heckenberger M, Clement CR. Contributions of human cultures to biodiversity and ecosystem conservation. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:866-879. [PMID: 38503867 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The expansion of globalized industrial societies is causing global warming, ecosystem degradation, and species and language extinctions worldwide. Mainstream conservation efforts still focus on nature protection strategies to revert this crisis, often overlooking the essential roles of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IP&LC) in protecting biodiversity and ecosystems globally. Here we assess the scientific literature to identify relationships between biodiversity (including ecosystem diversity) and cultural diversity, and investigate how these connections may affect conservation outcomes in tropical lowland South America. Our assessment reveals a network of interactions and feedbacks between biodiversity and diverse IP&LC, suggesting interconnectedness and interdependencies from which multiple benefits to nature and societies emerge. We illustrate our findings with five case studies of successful conservation models, described as consolidated or promising 'social-ecological hope spots', that show how engagement with IP&LC of various cultures may be the best hope for biodiversity and ecosystem conservation, particularly when aligned with science and technology. In light of these five inspiring cases, we argue that conservation science and policies need to recognize that protecting and promoting both biological and cultural diversities can provide additional co-benefits and solutions to maintain ecosystems resilient in the face of global changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Levis
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
- Affiliated scholar, Brazil LAB, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Bernardo M Flores
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Campos-Silva
- Instituto Juruá, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Nivaldo Peroni
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Arie Staal
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maíra C G Padgurschi
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Meteorológicas e Climáticas aplicadas à Agricultura, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Wetherbee Dorshow
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Earth Analytic, Puente Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Bruno Moraes
- Earth Analytic, Puente Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil
| | - Morgan Schmidt
- Laboratório de Estudos Interdisciplinares em Arqueologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Taku Wate Kuikuro
- Associação Indígena Kuikuro do Alto Xingu, Aldeia Ipatse, Território Indígena do Alto Xingu, Canarana and Gaúcha do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Huke Kuikuro
- Associação Indígena Kuikuro do Alto Xingu, Aldeia Ipatse, Território Indígena do Alto Xingu, Canarana and Gaúcha do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Kumessi Wauja
- Associação Indígena Kuikuro do Alto Xingu, Aldeia Ipatse, Território Indígena do Alto Xingu, Canarana and Gaúcha do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Kalutata Kuikuro
- Associação Indígena Kuikuro do Alto Xingu, Aldeia Ipatse, Território Indígena do Alto Xingu, Canarana and Gaúcha do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Afukaka Kuikuro
- Associação Indígena Kuikuro do Alto Xingu, Aldeia Ipatse, Território Indígena do Alto Xingu, Canarana and Gaúcha do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Carlos Fausto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Visiting Research Scholar, Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies, Brazil LAB, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Bruna Franchetto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Watling
- Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Charles R Clement
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Xiao Q, Zhu Y, Wang N, Wu M, Li Y, Li J, Chen D, Huang X, Wang S, Cao P, Jin Y, Xu F, Wang C. Char and soot records of the Holocene fire history and its implications for climate-vegetation change and human activities within the Guanzhong Basin, southern Loess Plateau, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168564. [PMID: 37981130 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon in sediments has been widely used as a proxy for biomass burning/fire activity to reconstruct fire history and its evolution. Wildfire studies have revealed that different types of black carbon (char and soot) are formed due to changes in combustion efficiency. In this study, we obtained black carbon and its two subtypes, char and soot, from a typical Holocene aeolian loess-paleosol section in the Chilanqiao Ruins within the Guanzhong Basin, southern Loess Plateau, China. Combined with environmental proxies such as magnetic susceptibility, loss on ignition, and geochemical elements, along with AMS14C and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates, we reconstructed the Holocene fire history and its evolution on the southern Loess Plateau at local and regional scales. The findings indicate that the limited vegetation during the relatively dry and cold early Holocene may have inhibited the spread of fires. In the warmer and wetter middle Holocene, there was higher local smoldering fire activity, likely influenced by both wet climatic conditions and an increase in the proportion of woody plants. Additionally, the fire history in relation to human activities at Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BCE) including land reclamation, house construction, and bronze casting has also been identified. There has been a significant increase in regional flaming fire activity in the late Holocene as a result of drier climate and increased human activity. Notably, the significant increase in regional flaming fire activity since ~1.00 ka can be primarily linked to human-set fires with the usage of gunpowder in frequent wars. This research holds great importance in enhancing our understanding of the long-term interactions among fire activities, climate change and human activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Qili Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Yan Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ninglian Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Menglei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation, Ministry of Education, School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Archaeological Conservation, Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianxi Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Archaeological Conservation, Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology, Xi'an, China
| | - Dou Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoling Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sikai Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengpeng Cao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yao Jin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fanjun Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Souza DG, Ramalho WP, de Arruda FV, Camarota F, da Cunha HF. Fire seasonality plays a limited role in the reproduction of Anacardium humile A. St.-Hil. in a tropical savanna. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:1196-1204. [PMID: 37823877 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic fires are an increasing threat to tropical savannas and their plant populations. In the Brazilian Cerrado, human-made fires at the end of the dry season are replacing natural fires at the beginning of the dry season. Critically, these late burns occur under more intense climate variables. Here, we aimed to understand the potential role of fire seasonality on individuals of Anacardium humile, a widespread Cerrado species of cultural and economic importance. We conducted two prescribed burnings, one at the beginning of the dry season (early burning) and one at the end of the dry season (late burning) when climate variables were remarkably different. We assessed the reproductive responses of A. humile individuals over 4 years and compared individuals from the fire treatments with those from an unburned area (control). The reproductive phenology of A. humile varied over time and was influenced by climate variables. The seasons of different burning had similar impacts on the reproductive phenology of A. humile, and this impact lasted for at least 4 years. While A. humile populations do not depend on fire for reproduction, they produced more flowers and fruits for up to 2 years with the fire treatments. We provide empirical evidence of the role of climate variables on the phenology of A. humile and demonstrate the importance of considering the role of time after fire events. The similar responses of A. humile to fire seasonality show that Cerrado fire management can be more complex than previously thought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D G de Souza
- Departmento Técnico, Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e de Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA), Goiás, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - W P Ramalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil
| | - F V de Arruda
- Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia (IPAM), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - F Camarota
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - H F da Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de CARVALHO IS, ALVARADO ST, Sanna Freire SILVA T, Leandro de Oliveira CORDEIRO C, FIDELIS A, Valéria Carvalho SARAIVA R, A.M.M.A. FIGUEIREDO F, Roberto P. de SOUSA J, Massi FERRAZ T. How changes the fire regime after creating a protected area in the Brazilian Cerrado? J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
5
|
Anjos AG, Alvarado ST, Solé M, Benchimol M. Patch and landscape features drive fire regime in a Brazilian flammable ecosystem. J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
6
|
Bartolucci A, Marconi M, Magni M, Pierdicca R, Malandra F, Ho TC, Vitali A, Urbinati C. Combining Participatory Mapping and Geospatial Analysis Techniques to Assess Wildfire Risk in Rural North Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 69:466-479. [PMID: 35059809 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-021-01582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Participatory mapping (PM) is a valuable research tool for assessing fire risk, especially in regions where data are difficult to collect or inconsistent; in such areas, the integration between crowdsourced data and geospatial techniques plays a fundamental role in gathering more consistent and reliable information. This study combines a participatory (community-based) mapping approach with geospatial techniques to assess fire risk in Van Chan district, northern Vietnam, an area where the economy relies mainly on forestry activities. Local stakeholders designed a map of wildfires, which was modelled as a function of a set of physical and socio-economic variables. A fire-probability map of the district was obtained and compared with MODIS data (2000-2020). The results suggest that higher fire probability occurs in areas with lower human pressure, and they provide information on related socio-economic drivers that affect this phenomenon. This study highlights the importance of combining participatory approaches and geospatial techniques to assess fire dynamics and prevent wildfires in terms of understanding and predicting the risks. The involvement of local communities is fundamental to this innovative participatory approach with regard to better supporting decision-making and prevention actions and to developing fire control management guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bartolucci
- Institute of Security and Global Affairs (ISGA), University of Leiden, Wijnhaven, Turfmarkt 99, 2511 DP, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Michele Marconi
- Hue University International School, 1 Điện Biên Phủ, Vĩnh Ninh, Thành phố Huế, Thừa Thiên Huế, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Michele Magni
- Independent Scientist, Via Macerata, 20, 60128, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberto Pierdicca
- Department of Civil Building Engineering and Architecture (DICEA), Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Malandra
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (D3A), Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 10, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Tien Chung Ho
- Vietnamese Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources (VIGMR), No 67, Chien Thang Street, Van Quan Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Alessandro Vitali
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (D3A), Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 10, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carlo Urbinati
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences (D3A), Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 10, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Oliveira MR, Ferreira BHS, Souza EB, Lopes AA, Bolzan FP, Roque FO, Pott A, Pereira AMM, Garcia LC, Damasceno‐Jr GA, Costa A, Rocha M, Xavier S, Ferraz RA, Ribeiro DB. Indigenous brigades changes the spatial patterns of wildfires and the influence of climate on fire regimes. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell R. Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, UFMS Brazil
| | - Bruno H. S. Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, UFMS Brazil
| | - Evaldo B. Souza
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, UFMS Brazil
| | | | - Fábio P. Bolzan
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, UFMS Brazil
| | - Fábio O. Roque
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, UFMS Brazil
| | - Arnildo Pott
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, UFMS Brazil
| | - Alexandre M. M. Pereira
- Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis, Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil
| | - Letícia C. Garcia
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, UFMS Brazil
| | | | | | - Mesaque Rocha
- Associação dos Brigadistas Indígenas da Nação Kadwéu
| | - Silvio Xavier
- Associação dos Brigadistas Indígenas da Nação Kadwéu
| | | | - Danilo B. Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, UFMS Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hoffman KM, Christianson AC, Dickson-Hoyle S, Copes-Gerbitz K, Nikolakis W, Diabo DA, McLeod R, Michell HJ, Mamun AA, Zahara A, Mauro N, Gilchrist J, Ross RM, Daniels LD. The right to burn: barriers and opportunities for Indigenous-led fire stewardship in Canada. Facets (Ott) 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Indigenous fire stewardship enhances ecosystem diversity, assists with the management of complex resources, and reduces wildfire risk by lessening fuel loads. Although Indigenous Peoples have maintained fire stewardship practices for millennia and continue to be keepers of fire knowledge, significant barriers exist for re-engaging in cultural burning. Indigenous communities in Canada have unique vulnerabilities to large and high-intensity wildfires as they are predominately located in remote, forested regions and lack financial support at federal and provincial levels to mitigate wildfire risk. Therefore, it is critical to uphold Indigenous expertise in leading effective and socially just fire stewardship. In this perspective, we demonstrate the benefits of cultural burning and identify five key barriers to advancing Indigenous fire stewardship in Canada. We also provide calls to action to assist with reducing preconceptions and misinformation and focus on creating space and respect for different knowledges and experiences. Despite growing concerns over wildfire risk and agency-stated intentions to establish Indigenous Peoples as partners in wildfire management, power imbalances still exist. The future and coexistence with fire in Canada needs to be a shared responsibility and led by Indigenous Peoples within their territories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kira M. Hoffman
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, 3041-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4
- Bulkley Valley Research Centre, 3731 1st Ave., Smithers, BC V0J 2N0
| | | | - Sarah Dickson-Hoyle
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, 3041-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4
| | - Kelsey Copes-Gerbitz
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, 3041-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4
| | - William Nikolakis
- Gathering Voices Society, 1200 Waterfront Centre, 200 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC V7X 1T2
- Department of Forest Resources Management, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, 3041-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4
| | - David A. Diabo
- Assembly of First Nations, 55 Metcalfe St. Suite 1600, Ottawa, ON K1P 6L5
| | - Robin McLeod
- Prince Albert Grand Council, 2300, 9th Ave West, Prince Albert, SK S6V 6Z1
| | - Herman J. Michell
- Prince Albert Grand Council, 2300, 9th Ave West, Prince Albert, SK S6V 6Z1
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Prince Albert Grand Council, 2300, 9th Ave West, Prince Albert, SK S6V 6Z1
| | - Alex Zahara
- Prince Albert Grand Council, 2300, 9th Ave West, Prince Albert, SK S6V 6Z1
- Department of Geography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, NL A1B 3X9
| | - Nicholas Mauro
- Yukon First Nations Wildfire, 100 Platinum Rd., Whitehorse, YT Y1A 6A9
| | | | | | - Lori D. Daniels
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, 3041-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Silva PS, Nogueira J, Rodrigues JA, Santos FLM, Pereira JMC, DaCamara CC, Daldegan GA, Pereira AA, Peres LF, Schmidt IB, Libonati R. Putting fire on the map of Brazilian savanna ecoregions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113098. [PMID: 34225050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) is considered the most floristically diverse savanna in the world, home to more than seven thousand species. The region is a mosaic of savannas, grasslands and forests whose unique biophysical and landscape attributes are on the basis of a recent ecoregional map, paving the way to improved region-based strategies for land management actions. However, as a fire-prone ecosystem, Cerrado owes much of its distribution and ecological properties to the fire regime and contributes to an important parcel of South America burned area. Accordingly, any attempt to use ecoregion geography as a guide for management strategies should take fire into account, as an essential variable. The main aim of this study is to complement the ecoregional map of the Cerrado with information related to the fire component. Using remotely sensed information, we identify patterns and trends of fire frequency, intensity, seasonality, extent and scar size, and combine this information for each ecoregion, relying on a simple classification that summarizes the main fire characteristics over the last two decades. Results show a marked north-south fire activity gradient, with increased contributions from MATOPIBA, the latest agricultural frontier. Five ecoregions alone account for two thirds of yearly burned area. More intense fires are found in the Arc of Deforestation and eastern ecoregions, while ecoregions in MATOPIBA display decreasing fire intensity. An innovative analysis of fire scars stratified by size class shows that infrequent large fires are responsible for the majority of burned area. These large fires display positive trends over many ecoregions, whereas smaller fires, albeit more frequent, have been decreasing in number. The final fire classification scheme shows well defined spatially-aggregated groups, where trends are found to be the key factor to evaluate fire within their regional contexts. Results presented here provide new insights to improve fire management strategies under a changing climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia S Silva
- Instituto Dom Luiz, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Joana Nogueira
- Institut für Landschaftsökologie, Westfälische Wilhelms (WWU) - Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Julia A Rodrigues
- Departamento de Meteorologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-916, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Filippe L M Santos
- Departamento de Meteorologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-916, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Clima e Ambiente (CLIAMB), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) e Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - José M C Pereira
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Carlos C DaCamara
- Instituto Dom Luiz, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Gabriel A Daldegan
- Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Dr., Suite 600, Arlington, VA, USA.
| | - Allan A Pereira
- Instituto Federal de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais, 37890-000, Muzambinho, MG, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo F Peres
- Departamento de Meteorologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-916, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Isabel B Schmidt
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Renata Libonati
- Instituto Dom Luiz, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Meteorologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-916, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Large and severe wildfires are becoming increasingly common worldwide and are having extraordinary impacts on people and the species and ecosystems on which they depend. Indigenous peoples comprise only 5% of the world’s population but protect approximately 85% of the world’s biodiversity through stewardship of Indigenous-managed lands. Much of this is attributed to long-term and widespread relationships with and dependence on fire, which has been applied as a tool for managing landscapes for millennia. Fortunately, the revitalization of Indigenous fire stewardship is demonstrating the value of routinely applying controlled fire to adapt to changing environments while promoting desired landscapes, habitats, and species and supporting subsistence practices and livelihoods. Increasingly, severe wildfires have led to declines in biodiversity across all of Earth’s vegetated biomes [D. B. McWethy et al., Nat. Sustain. 2, 797–804 (2019)]. Unfortunately, the displacement of Indigenous peoples and place-based societies that rely on and routinely practice fire stewardship has resulted in significant declines in biodiversity and the functional roles of people in shaping pyrodiverse systems [R. Bliege Bird et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117, 12904–12914 (2020)]. With the aim of assessing the impacts of Indigenous fire stewardship on biodiversity and species function across Earth’s major terrestrial biomes, we conducted a review of relevant primary data papers published from 1900 to present. We examined how the frequency, seasonality, and severity of human-ignited fires can improve or reduce reported metrics of biodiversity and habitat heterogeneity as well as changes to species composition across a range of taxa and spatial and temporal scales. A total of 79% of applicable studies reported increases in biodiversity as a result of fire stewardship, and 63% concluded that habitat heterogeneity was increased by the use of fire. All studies reported that fire stewardship occurred outside of the window of uncontrollable fire activity, and plants (woody and nonwoody vegetation) were the most intensively studied life forms. Three studies reported declines in biodiversity associated with increases in the use of high-severity fire as a result of the disruption of Indigenous-controlled fire regimes with the onset of colonization. Supporting Indigenous-led fire stewardship can assist with reviving important cultural practices while protecting human communities from increasingly severe wildfires, enhancing biodiversity, and increasing ecosystem heterogeneity.
Collapse
|
11
|
Santos ACD, Montenegro SDR, Ferreira MC, Barradas ACS, Schmidt IB. Managing fires in a changing world: Fuel and weather determine fire behavior and safety in the neotropical savannas. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 289:112508. [PMID: 33831763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fire is an important ecological disturbance, but anthropogenic wildfires increasingly threaten native ecosystems and human lives. In fire-prone ecosystems, zero-fire policies have been replaced by active fire management to reduce the risk of wildfires and improve ecological outcomes. The environmental drivers of fire behavior are widely known, but climate change and deforestation are changing their roles, making fires less predictable. Thus, reassessing the main determinants of fire behavior is preeminent to allow for safe and adaptive uses of fire in protected areas (PA). We did this research in collaboration with PA managers during the initial implementation of a pilot Integrated Fire Management (IFM) program in the Brazilian savanna. The program mainly aimed to prevent large wildfires in the late-dry season and included prescribed burns during the rainy, early- and mid-dry seasons to create vegetation patch mosaics with different fire histories. We assessed fire behavior and its environmental drivers during prescribed fires in the mid-dry season (MF) and experimental late-dry season fires (LF) (emulating wildfires). We applied Linear Models to test for differences in fire intensity, heat released, combustion factor and flame height between fire seasons and to check the influence of meteorological and fuel conditions in these parameters. LF had a significantly higher fire intensity (3508 vs. 895 kW m-1), heat released (5537 vs. 3329 kW m-2), combustion factor (90 vs. 51%) and flame height (2.5 vs. 1.9 m) than MF. Relative humidity, air temperature, wind speed and fuel load were the best predictors of fire behavior, corroborating previous research. Air temperature and relative humidity pushed the seasonal differences in fire behavior while wind speed and fuel load showed similar effects across seasons. Our results emphasize the importance of considering primarily environmental variables during fire management planning, especially in the current climate changing world where extreme events and seasonal weather fluctuations are constantly defying our knowledge about fire behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carla Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil; PEQUI - Pesquisa e Conservação do Cerrado. SRTVN Qd. 701, Ed. Brasília Rádio Center, Sala 3030, Brasília, DF, CEP: 70719-900, Brazil.
| | - Samuel da Rocha Montenegro
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Maxmiller Cardoso Ferreira
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina Sena Barradas
- Estação Ecológica Serra Geral do Tocantins, Avenida Beira Rio. Quadra 02. Lote 06, Bairro Centro, Rio da Conceição, TO, CEP 77303-000, Brazil.
| | - Isabel Belloni Schmidt
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil; PEQUI - Pesquisa e Conservação do Cerrado. SRTVN Qd. 701, Ed. Brasília Rádio Center, Sala 3030, Brasília, DF, CEP: 70719-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Campos-Vargas C, Vargas-Sanabria D. Assessing the probability of wildfire occurrences in a neotropical dry forest. ECOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2021.1916213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Campos-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Estatal a Distancia, Mercedes de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Daniela Vargas-Sanabria
- Laboratorio de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Estatal a Distancia, Mercedes de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Driscoll DA, Armenteras D, Bennett AF, Brotons L, Clarke MF, Doherty TS, Haslem A, Kelly LT, Sato CF, Sitters H, Aquilué N, Bell K, Chadid M, Duane A, Meza-Elizalde MC, Giljohann KM, González TM, Jambhekar R, Lazzari J, Morán-Ordóñez A, Wevill T. How fire interacts with habitat loss and fragmentation. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:976-998. [PMID: 33561321 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity faces many threats and these can interact to produce outcomes that may not be predicted by considering their effects in isolation. Habitat loss and fragmentation (hereafter 'fragmentation') and altered fire regimes are important threats to biodiversity, but their interactions have not been systematically evaluated across the globe. In this comprehensive synthesis, including 162 papers which provided 274 cases, we offer a framework for understanding how fire interacts with fragmentation. Fire and fragmentation interact in three main ways: (i) fire influences fragmentation (59% of 274 cases), where fire either destroys and fragments habitat or creates and connects habitat; (ii) fragmentation influences fire (25% of cases) where, after habitat is reduced in area and fragmented, fire in the landscape is subsequently altered because people suppress or ignite fires, or there is increased edge flammability or increased obstruction to fire spread; and (iii) where the two do not influence each other, but fire interacts with fragmentation to affect responses like species richness, abundance and extinction risk (16% of cases). Where fire and fragmentation do influence each other, feedback loops are possible that can lead to ecosystem conversion (e.g. forest to grassland). This is a well-documented threat in the tropics but with potential also to be important elsewhere. Fire interacts with fragmentation through scale-specific mechanisms: fire creates edges and drives edge effects; fire alters patch quality; and fire alters landscape-scale connectivity. We found only 12 cases in which studies reported the four essential strata for testing a full interaction, which were fragmented and unfragmented landscapes that both span contrasting fire histories, such as recently burnt and long unburnt vegetation. Simulation and empirical studies show that fire and fragmentation can interact synergistically, multiplicatively, antagonistically or additively. These cases highlight a key reason why understanding interactions is so important: when fire and fragmentation act together they can cause local extinctions, even when their separate effects are neutral. Whether fire-fragmentation interactions benefit or disadvantage species is often determined by the species' preferred successional stage. Adding fire to landscapes generally benefits early-successional plant and animal species, whereas it is detrimental to late-successional species. However, when fire interacts with fragmentation, the direction of effect of fire on a species could be reversed from the effect expected by successional preferences. Adding fire to fragmented landscapes can be detrimental for species that would normally co-exist with fire, because species may no longer be able to disperse to their preferred successional stage. Further, animals may be attracted to particular successional stages leading to unexpected responses to fragmentation, such as higher abundance in more isolated unburnt patches. Growing human populations and increasing resource consumption suggest that fragmentation trends will worsen over coming years. Combined with increasing alteration of fire regimes due to climate change and human-caused ignitions, interactions of fire with fragmentation are likely to become more common. Our new framework paves the way for developing a better understanding of how fire interacts with fragmentation, and for conserving biodiversity in the face of these emerging challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Don A Driscoll
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Dolors Armenteras
- Laboratorio de Ecología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas ECOLMOD, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Edificio 421, Oficina 223, Cra. 30 # 45-03, Bogotá, 111321, Colombia
| | - Andrew F Bennett
- Research Centre for Future Landscapes, Department Ecology, Environment & Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Lluís Brotons
- InForest JRU (CTFC-CREAF), Carretera vella de Sant Llorenç de Morunys km. 2, Solsona, 25280, Spain.,CREAF, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain.,CSIC, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Michael F Clarke
- Research Centre for Future Landscapes, Department Ecology, Environment & Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Tim S Doherty
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Angie Haslem
- Research Centre for Future Landscapes, Department Ecology, Environment & Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Luke T Kelly
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Chloe F Sato
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Holly Sitters
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, 4 Water Street, Creswick, VIC, 3363, Australia
| | - Núria Aquilué
- InForest JRU (CTFC-CREAF), Carretera vella de Sant Llorenç de Morunys km. 2, Solsona, 25280, Spain
| | - Kristian Bell
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Maria Chadid
- Laboratorio de Ecología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas ECOLMOD, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Edificio 421, Oficina 223, Cra. 30 # 45-03, Bogotá, 111321, Colombia
| | - Andrea Duane
- InForest JRU (CTFC-CREAF), Carretera vella de Sant Llorenç de Morunys km. 2, Solsona, 25280, Spain
| | - María C Meza-Elizalde
- Laboratorio de Ecología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas ECOLMOD, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Edificio 421, Oficina 223, Cra. 30 # 45-03, Bogotá, 111321, Colombia
| | | | - Tania Marisol González
- Laboratorio de Ecología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas ECOLMOD, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Edificio 421, Oficina 223, Cra. 30 # 45-03, Bogotá, 111321, Colombia
| | - Ravi Jambhekar
- Azim Premji University, PES Campus, Pixel Park, B Block, Hosur Road, beside NICE Road, Electronic City, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560100, India
| | - Juliana Lazzari
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Building 141, Linnaeus Way, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Alejandra Morán-Ordóñez
- InForest JRU (CTFC-CREAF), Carretera vella de Sant Llorenç de Morunys km. 2, Solsona, 25280, Spain
| | - Tricia Wevill
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Humphrey GJ, Gillson L, Ziervogel G. How changing fire management policies affect fire seasonality and livelihoods. AMBIO 2021; 50:475-491. [PMID: 32524508 PMCID: PMC7782615 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a long history of fire management in African savannas, but knowledge of historical and current use of fire is scarce in savanna-woodland biomes. This study explores past and present fire management practices and perceptions of the Khwe (former hunter-gatherers) and Mbukushu (agropastoralists) communities as well as government and non-government stakeholders in Bwabwata National Park in north-east Namibia. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were used in combination with satellite data (from 2000 to 2015), to investigate historical and current fire management dynamics. Results show that political dynamics in the region disrupted traditional fire practices, specifically a policy of fire suppression was initiated by colonial governments in 1888 and maintained during independence until 2005. Both the Khwe and Mbukushu communities use early season (i.e. between April and July) fires for diverse interrelated historical and current livelihood activities, and park management for managing late season fires. The Mbukushu community also use late season burns to prepare land for crops. In this study, we use a pyrogeographic framework to understand the human dimension of fires. This study reveals how today's fire management practices and policies, specifically the resurgence of early season burning are entrenched in the past. Understanding and acknowledging the social and cultural dynamics of fire, alongside participatory stakeholder engagement is critical for managing fires in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glynis Joy Humphrey
- Plant Conservation Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa
| | - Lindsey Gillson
- Plant Conservation Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa
| | - Gina Ziervogel
- Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, and African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The Role of Vegetation on the Dynamics of Water and Fire in the Cerrado Ecosystems: Implications for Management and Conservation. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121803. [PMID: 33353242 PMCID: PMC7766540 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Cerrado is the richest savanna and is undergoing one of the planet’s most rapid land transformations for pasture and agriculture; around 45% of the biome has been deforested. Agriculture is of strategic importance to Brazil, but it also modifies ecosystems and jeopardizes habitats and biodiversity. Well-managed agricultural lands can have a favorable impact on environmental conservation. In this paper, we reviewed our current knowledge about water ecology and fire management to show that an ecosystem services perspective can bring about a conciliation of agriculture production with conservation by supporting effective land use decision-making and the optimization of public policy. The landscape/watershed scale seems to be the most relevant for decision-making on how to achieve production and conservation results. This scale appears to be an appropriate level for engaging with stakeholders. Fire frequency and timing (season) combination are determinant of individuals’ survivorship. The combination determines vegetation recovery, and it is important to maintain high biodiversity, especially for the herbaceous layer, but it is a limitation to woody vegetation recovery. A pragmatic and conciliatory land use agenda must be based on scientific knowledge and support innovative decision-making solutions for policy-makers and stakeholders, particularly farmers and donors.
Collapse
|
16
|
Nóbrega Spínola J, Soares da Silva MJ, Assis da Silva JR, Barlow J, Ferreira J. A shared perspective on managing Amazonian sustainable‐use reserves in an era of megafires. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jackeline Nóbrega Spínola
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) Tapajos‐Arapiuns Extractive Reserve Santarém Brazil
| | | | - Jose Risonei Assis da Silva
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) Tapajós National Forest Laguinho Santarém Brazil
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
- Department of Biology Federal University of Lavras Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Joice Ferreira
- Embrapa Amazonia Oriental Trav. Eneas Pinheiro Belém Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sühs RB, Giehl ELH, Peroni N. Preventing traditional management can cause grassland loss within 30 years in southern Brazil. Sci Rep 2020; 10:783. [PMID: 31964935 PMCID: PMC6972928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Woody encroachment threatens several ecosystems around the world. In general, management of grasslands includes regulation of fire and grazing regimes. Changes in these two types of disturbances are potential drivers of woody encroachment. Here we assessed how the traditional management carried out by local landholders affects a highland grassland ecosystem in southern Brazil. We hypothesized that grasslands converted to protected areas undergo fast woody encroachment. To reconstruct changes in vegetation, we interviewed former and current landholders and coupled their knowledge with an analysis of aerial and satellite images. During the first 11 years without fire and cattle, woody encroachment in grasslands increased exponentially. Woody encroachment occurred mostly by the replacement of grasslands by shrublands. Meanwhile, grasslands under traditional management remained almost unchanged for the last 40 years. The management of fire by local landholders has been part of their traditional practices for decades. Such management prevents large-scale wildfires and maintains natural highland grasslands. The quick pace of shrub encroachment in such grasslands threatens its exclusive diversity, human well-being and regional cultural heritage. Thus, conservation policies are needed to regulate and instruct about the use of fire as a management tool in highland grasslands of southern Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Barbizan Sühs
- Department of Ecology and Zoology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Luís Hettwer Giehl
- Department of Ecology and Zoology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Nivaldo Peroni
- Department of Ecology and Zoology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Blanco G, Tella JL, Díaz-Luque JA, Hiraldo F. Multiple External Seed Dispersers Challenge the Megafaunal Syndrome Anachronism and the Surrogate Ecological Function of Livestock. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
19
|
Eloy L, Schmidt IB, Borges SL, Ferreira MC, dos Santos TA. Seasonal fire management by traditional cattle ranchers prevents the spread of wildfire in the Brazilian Cerrado. AMBIO 2019; 48:890-899. [PMID: 30430408 PMCID: PMC6541667 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-018-1118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of fire by cattle ranchers is a major source of conflict between conservationists and local communities in tropical savannas. We evaluate the role of traditional pastoral management in wildfire prevention in two protected areas within the Brazilian savanna. Fine-grain field data from transect walks and interviews were combined with geospatial data at landscape scale to compare fire regimes in community-managed areas with those in government-managed areas. Local pastoral management creates seasonal mosaic patterns of burnings performed for productive activities and for deliberate landscape management, i.e. to protect fire-sensitive vegetation and avoid wildfires. Whereas government-managed areas were affected by large biennial late dry season wildfires, community-managed areas with a regular fire regime suffered less damage. These systems are under threat and poorly understood by researchers and environmental managers. In order to improve fire management in tropical savannas, greater understanding of pastoral management practices and their spatiotemporal dimensions is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Eloy
- French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR5281 ART-DEV, Université Montpellier 3, Site Saint-Charles, Montpellier, France
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade de Brasília - Asa Norte, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Gleba A, Brasília, DF CEP: 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Isabel Belloni Schmidt
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília, P.O. Box 04457, Brasília, DF CEP 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Silvia Laine Borges
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília, P.O. Box 04457, Brasília, DF CEP 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Maxmiller Cardoso Ferreira
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília, P.O. Box 04457, Brasília, DF CEP 70910-900 Brazil
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás – Regional Catalão, Avenida Doutor Lamartine Pinto de Avelar, Loteamento Vila Chaud, Catalão, GO 75704020 Brazil
| | - Teomenilton A. dos Santos
- Associação das Comunidades Quilombolas dos Rios Novo, Preto e Riachão (Ascolombolas-Rio), Mateiros, TO CEP: 77593-000 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|