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Vashishtha VM, Kumar P. The durability of vaccine-induced protection: an overview. Expert Rev Vaccines 2024; 23:389-408. [PMID: 38488132 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2024.2331065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current vaccines vary widely in both their efficacy against infection and disease, and the durability of the efficacy. Some vaccines provide practically lifelong protection with a single dose, while others provide only limited protection following annual boosters. What variables make vaccine-induced immune responses last? Can breakthroughs in these factors and technologies help us produce vaccines with better protection and fewer doses? The durability of vaccine-induced protection is now a hot area in vaccinology research, especially after COVID-19 vaccines lost their luster. It has fueled discussion on the eventual utility of existing vaccines to society and bolstered the anti-vaxxer camp. To sustain public trust in vaccines, lasting vaccines must be developed. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes licensed vaccines' protection. It analyses immunological principles and vaccine and vaccinee parameters that determine longevity of antibodies. The review concludes with challenges and the way forward to improve vaccine durability. EXPERT OPINION Despite enormous advances, we still lack essential markers and reliable correlates of lasting protection. Most research has focused on humoral immune responses, but we must also focus on innate, mucosal, and cellular responses - their assessment, correlates, determinants, and novel adjuvants. Suitable vaccine designs and platforms for durable immunity must be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin M Vashishtha
- Department of Pediatrics, Mangla Hospital & Research Center, Shakti Chowk, Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pediatrician, Kumar Child Clinic, New Delhi, India
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Peng Y, Yang T, Zhu Y, Hu Q, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Rui J, Lin S, Liu X, Xu J, Yang M, Deng B, Huang J, Liu W, Luo L, Liu C, Li Z, Li P, Kong D, Yang X, Chen T. Estimating the Transmissibility of Mumps: A Modelling Study in Wuhan City, China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:683720. [PMID: 34414203 PMCID: PMC8369200 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.683720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the adoption of a national immunization program in China, the incidence of mumps remains high. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics, including the time, region, occupation, and age, of mumps in Wuhan from 2005 to 2018 and to evaluate its transmissibility. In this study, the susceptible-exposed-infectious-asymptomatic-recovered (SEIAR) model fitted the actual incidence data of mumps. The effective reproduction number (R t ) was used to evaluate and compare the transmission capacity in different areas. From 2005 to 2018, there were 36,415 cases. The incidence of mumps was highest among people aged 5-10 years (460.02 per 100,000). The SEIAR model fitted the reported mumps data well (P < 0.01). The median transmissibility (R t ) was 1.04 (range = 0-2.50). There were two peak spreads every year (from March to May and from October to December). The R t peak always appeared in the first 2 months of the peak incidence rate. The peak time of the epidemic spread of mumps was 1-2 months earlier than the peak incidence rate. The prevention and control measures of vaccination for children aged 5-10 years should be taken before the peak transmission capacity each year, 2 months before the peak of the outbreak, to reduce the spread of mumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Peng
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuanzhao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingqing Hu
- Division of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jia Rui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shengnan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xingchun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiefeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weikang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhuoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Peihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Deguang Kong
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianmu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Mumps Antibody Titer in MMR-Vaccinated and Vaccine Naïve Children at a Public Hospital in Delhi. Indian Pediatr 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-021-2129-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gupta R, Saxena N, Gupta P. Determination of ELISA reactive mumps IgG antibodies in MMR vaccine recipients in comparison with MMR vaccine naive children: A cross sectional study. SCRIPTA MEDICA 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed52-33074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: Mumps is by vaccine preventable infectious disease characterised by parotitis. In India mumps vaccines are not currently used under National Immunisation Programme (NIP). Waning of vaccine-induced immunity is considered to play a central role in the re-emergence of mumps. The comprehensive data on the seroepidemiology of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) as well as studies which compare the antibody titre among mumps vaccine naiveand mumps vaccinated children are lacking. The aim of this study was to estimate and compare mumps specific antibody titre in children with and without MMR vaccine. Methods: In 2019/2020, blood samples were collected from 100 healthy children attending immunisation clinic in Government Medical College Kota and associated J K Lon Maternal and Child care hospital Kota. The samples were investigated for MMR IgG antibodies using ELISA. Results: Out of total 100 children included in the study, 32.27 % vaccinated and 4.83 % non-vaccinated children were positive for mumps IgG antibody in the age group of 6 months to 6 years of age. Children aged 6 to 12 years, vaccinated and non-vaccinated, had 31.57 % and 26.57 % positivity, respectively. The seroprevalence of measles, mumps and rubella antibodies among 50 MMR vaccinated children were 94 %, 64 %, and 96 %, respectively. A high measles and rubella seroprevalences were observed among all children age groups, suggesting an effective control program, while the mumps seroprevalence decreased significantly with age. Conclusion: The maximum vaccine effectiveness against mumps for 2 doses of MMR vaccine is ≈ 96 %. The herd immunity threshold to block mumps virus transmission is ≥ 86 %. In this study only 64 % of the vaccinated children were found to have IgG mumps antibodies. In view of morbidity following mumps infection there is a need to incorporate mumps vaccine along with measles and rubella vaccine in the NIP instead of Mr.
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Acute Motor Axonal Polyneuropathy in a Child with Mumps. Indian J Pediatr 2020; 87:760-761. [PMID: 32757170 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Raj A, Ramakrishnan D, Thomas CRMT, Mavila AD, Rajiv M, Suseela RPB. Assessment of Health Facilities for Airborne Infection Control Practices and Adherence to National Airborne Infection Control Guidelines: A Study from Kerala, Southern India. Indian J Community Med 2019; 44:S23-S26. [PMID: 31728084 PMCID: PMC6824168 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_25_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nosocomial transmission of airborne infections, such as H1N1, drug-resistant tuberculosis, and Nipah virus disease, has been reported recently and has been linked to the limited airborne infection control strategies. The objective of the current study was to assess the health facilities for airborne infection control (AIC) practices and adherence to the National AIC (NAIC) guidelines, 2010. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 25 public and 25 private hospitals selected from five randomly selected districts in the state of Kerala. A checklist with 62 components was developed based on the NAIC guidelines. Frequencies, percentages, and mean with standard deviation were used to summarize facility risk assessment and compliance to guidelines. RESULTS Most of the facilities had infection control committees 35 (70%). Annual infection control trainings were held for staff in 21 (42%) facilities. Twenty (40%) facilities were not familiar with NAIC guidelines. Counseling on cough etiquette at registration was practiced in 5 (10%) institutions. Cross ventilation was present in outpatient departments in 27 (54%) institutions. Sputum was disposed properly in 43 (86%) institutions. N95 masks were available in high-risk settings in 7 (14%) health facilities. CONCLUSION There exist deficiencies in adherence to all components of NAIC guidelines including administrative, environmental, and use of personal protective equipment in both government and private hospitals in the state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Raj
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Devraj Ramakrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | - Amrita Das Mavila
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Midhun Rajiv
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
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Gupta M, Tripathy JP, Verma M, Singh MP, Kaur R, Ratho RK, Kumar R. Seroprevalence of measles, mumps & rubella antibodies among 5-10 years old children in north India. Indian J Med Res 2019; 149:396-403. [PMID: 31249206 PMCID: PMC6607815 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1453_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Globally, there is an effort to eliminate the measles and control rubella as these diseases lead to considerable morbidity and mortality especially among under-five children and are important public health problems. This study was aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) antibodies among children of age 5-10 yr in Chandigarh, north India, to provide evidence on prevalent immunity levels. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Chandigarh, among 196 randomly selected healthy children (5-10 yr), who received either one or two doses of measles or MMR combination vaccine. Socio-economic background and immunization history were recorded. Blood sample (2 ml) was collected to estimate the MMR IgG antibody titres by using ELISA kits. Results: Protective seroprevalence of MMR antibodies was 40.8, 75.5 and 86.2 per cent, respectively. The geometric mean titres of MMR IgG antibodies in the study children were 11.3, 50.6 and 54.3 international units (IU)/ ml, respectively. The proportion of seroprotected children for measles was significantly higher among those who had received two or more doses (46.4%) of measles vaccine compared to those who had received single dose (35.6%) (P<0.001). About 16 per cent of children had received single dose of MMR vaccine. Among these, 71.4 and 100 per cent were seroprotected against mumps and rubella, respectively. Interpretation & conclusions: A large proportion of children aged 5-10 yr lacked protective immunity against measles (60%); about one-fourth (15-25%) were susceptible to infection with mumps and rubella virus. Mumps vaccination may be considered to be included in National Immunization Schedule for children with periodic serosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jaya Prasad Tripathy
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhur Verma
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mini P Singh
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ramanpreet Kaur
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - R K Ratho
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
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Early disappearance of maternal anti-measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella antibodies in Indian infants. Vaccine 2019; 37:1443-1448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pediredla K, Abimannane A, Chandrasekaran V, Jagadisan B, Biswal N. Acute Motor Axonal Polyneuropathy Following Mumps Infection in a 9-Year-Old Girl. J Trop Pediatr 2019; 65:98-100. [PMID: 29669036 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmy018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A 9-year-old girl presented with lower motor neuron type of paralysis involving limbs, trunk and multiple cranial nerves (7, 9 and 10) with preceding history of mumps 1 week before the onset of weakness. There were no features to suggest either a meningitis or encephalitis in the child. Cerebrospinal fluid showed hypoglycorrhachia and mild protein elevation; magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was normal. Nerve conduction study showed motor axonal neuropathy. Serology for mumps IgM was positive, consistent with a diagnosis of post-mumps acute motor axonal polyneuropathy. The girl made a complete recovery within 3 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunakar Pediredla
- Department of Paediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Anitha Abimannane
- Department of Paediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Venkatesh Chandrasekaran
- Department of Paediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Barath Jagadisan
- Department of Paediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Niranjan Biswal
- Department of Paediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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Karade S, Sen S, Sashindran VK, Sharma P, Kanitkar M. Measles, mumps, and rubella: A cross-sectional study of susceptibility to vaccine-preventable diseases among young people in India. Med J Armed Forces India 2019; 75:70-73. [PMID: 30705481 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global elimination of vaccine preventable diseases, such as measles, mumps and rubella is a priority. Many countries have reported diminishing of antibody titres against these diseases among young population as immunization coverage of adolescents and adults in not monitored. The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility against measles, mumps and rubella among young adults. METHODS In this cross-sectional study serological evidence of susceptibility to measles, mumps and rubella was determined by qualitative detection of IgG antibody titres by commercially available enzyme linked florescence assay (VIDAS, bioMerieux) in serum samples young adults. RESULTS A total of 335 young individuals (mean age: 20.54 ± 1.37 years) participated voluntarily between May 2017 to September 2018, of which 183 (54.63%) were males. Seroprotection against measles, mumps and rubella were 87.16%, 82.69% and 79.10% respectively. CONCLUSION Serological surveillance is important to monitor immune status in population. Susceptibility of young adults to measles, mumps, and rubella indicates need for booster vaccination. With the recent launch of measles-rubella vaccination campaign in India, country specific data will be required to plan periodicity of such campaign, which in turn would be based on accumulation of susceptible individuals in a community. Lastly, inclusion of mumps vaccine in the national universal immunization program needs consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Karade
- Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Sourav Sen
- Professor & Head, Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | | | - Punita Sharma
- Principal, College of Nursing, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Madhuri Kanitkar
- Dean and Deputy Commandant, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
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Kadri SM, Rehman SU, Rehana K, Brady AH, Chattu VK. Should Mumps Be Higher Up on the Public Health Agenda in India? A Concern for Global Health Security. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6030062. [PMID: 30087277 PMCID: PMC6165091 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mumps is a public health problem on a global scale caused by mumps virus, a member of family paramyxoviridae. An effective form of vaccination exists and is incorporated into routine immunization schedules in over 100 countries, usually in the form of the Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) vaccine. This is not the case in India, as mumps is not viewed as a significant enough public health problem by the government to warrant such an intervention. This original research paper discusses about outbreaks of mumps in Kashmir, India and aims to add to the body of literature to support the routine immunization with the mumps vaccine. From July to September 2017, there were 15 outbreaks and 260 cases of mumps recorded in the region by the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP). We conclude that the Indian Government should include the MMR vaccination in the Universal Immunization Programme. This would result in clinical and economic benefits by reducing outbreaks and associated morbidity of mumps, in addition to tackling the recognized morbidity and mortality of rubella and measles. To support the global health security, there is a great need to strengthen surveillance, adhere to the World Health Organization’s International Health Regulations (IHRs), and pay attention to emerging and re-emerging infectious agents, including paramyxovirus group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kausar Rehana
- Directorate of Health Services, Kashmir 190001, India.
| | | | - Vijay Kumar Chattu
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
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Vaidya SR, Tilavat SM, Hamde VS, Bhattad DR. Outbreak of mumps virus genotype G infection in tribal individuals during 2016-17 in India. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 62:517-523. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil R. Vaidya
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology; 20-A Dr Ambedkar Road Pune 411001 India
| | - Siddharth M. Tilavat
- Directorate of Medical and Health Services, State Health Society, Integrated Disease Surveillance Program; Shri Vinoba Bhave College Campus; Silvassa 396230 India
| | - Venkat S. Hamde
- Department of Microbiology; Yogeshwari Mahavidyalaya Ambajogai affiliated to Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University; Aurangabad 431004 India
| | - Divya R. Bhattad
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology; 20-A Dr Ambedkar Road Pune 411001 India
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Vaidya SR, Hamde VS, Kumbhar NS, Walimbe AM. Utility of neutralization test for laboratory diagnosis of suspected mumps. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 62:243-247. [PMID: 29363797 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mumps is an infectious disease caused by mumps virus (MuV), which belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and genus Rubulavirus. Typical symptoms of mumps include fever and swelling of the parotid glands; however, mumps can be asymptomatic. Mumps is diagnosed by molecular and serological methods (i.e., PCR and Enzyme Immunoassay [EIA]); however, both methods have pros and cons. This study was performed to compare the diagnostic utility of a focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT) to that of MuV-specific commercial IgM and IgG antibody EIA in patients suspected of having mumps. One hundred-eighty six samples collected during mumps outbreak in 2012-16 were studied. Samples (n = 80) were tested by all the three serological assays and showed 70.4%, 83% and 92.5% positivity by IgM EIA, IgG and FRNT, respectively. In all, 58.8% samples (n = 47) tested positive in all three assays. Concordance between mumps RT-PCR and IgM EIA was highest during the first 2-5 days and decreased with increasing time post-onset. Mumps FRNT results agreed with those of RT-PCR/IgM EIA from the second week onwards, whereas the results of mumps IgG EIA agreed with those of RT-PCR/IgM EIA from post-onset days 3-10. These findings suggest the utility of a FRNT for laboratory diagnosis of mumps in countries whose populations are not immunized against this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil R Vaidya
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, 20-A Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Venkat S Hamde
- Department of Microbiology, Yogeshwari Mahavidyalaya Ambajogai District-Beed, 431517 (Maharashtra State) affiliated to Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431004, India
| | - Neelakshi S Kumbhar
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, 20-A Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Atul M Walimbe
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, 20-A Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
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Mathew JL. Campaign Mode MMR Vaccination to Control Outbreak of Mumps in a Highly Vaccinated Population: Evidence-based Medicine viewpoint. Indian Pediatr 2017; 54:1047-1049. [PMID: 29317561 DOI: 10.1007/s13312-017-1210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Tilavat SM, Vaidya SR, Hamde VS. Mumps outbreak in a tribal population from the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, India. J Med Virol 2017; 89:2064-2068. [PMID: 28543433 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A cluster of parotitis cases (n = 13) were observed in a tribal population of Vansda village from the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, India between 20th and 22nd week of 2016. Primary information was received by the local Infectious Disease Surveillance Program team, and subsequently field investigations were carried out in the affected area. Active surveillance was conducted till twice the incubation period from onset of the last surveyed case. For the laboratory investigations, 19 serum samples were collected from 11-suspected cases and their close contacts (n = 8). All samples were transported within 12 h on icepacks to the main laboratory at Pune. Majority of the suspected mumps cases were children except four adults. Mumps infection was confirmed in 8 of 11 suspected cases with post-onset ranging from 28 to 43 days and none from the close contacts. Both mumps specific IgM and IgG antibodies were detected in nine cases (including one equivocal) and single contact (equivocal result). Overall, ten cases and eight contacts (including one equivocal) showed mumps specific IgG antibodies. Present investigation provides information about the characteristics of mumps outbreak in a tribal community that resides in the remote areas. In addition, introduction of mumps containing vaccine in the tribal population may have added advantages in the tribal health program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth M Tilavat
- Directorate of Medical and Health Services, State Health Society, Silvassa, India
| | - Sunil R Vaidya
- National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pune, India
| | - Venkat S Hamde
- Department of Microbiology, Yogeshwari Mahavidyalaya Ambajogai affiliated to Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
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Paul S, Bhatia V, Sahoo J, Subba SH, Mahajan PB. Investigating Mumps Outbreak in Odisha, India: An Opportunity to Assess the Health System by Utilizing the Essential Public Health Services Framework. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 96:1215-1221. [DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Paul
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Vikas Bhatia
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jyotiranjan Sahoo
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sonu H. Subba
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Preetam B. Mahajan
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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Vaidya SR, Hamde VS. Is it Right Time to Introduce Mumps Vaccine in Indias Universal Immunization Program? Indian Pediatr 2017; 53:469-73. [PMID: 27376598 DOI: 10.1007/s13312-016-0874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Measles, mumps and rubella are vaccine preventable diseases. However, morbidity and mortality due to these diseases remain largely unnoticed in India. Measles has received much attention; mumps and rubella still need to garner attention. According to the World Health Organization, near-elimination of mumps could be achieved by maintaining high vaccine coverage using a two-dose strategy. However, Government of India has not yet decided on mumps vaccine. In this review, we have reviewed sero-prevalence studies, vaccine studies, outbreak investigations, virus isolation and virus genotyping studies on mumps. Overall, mumps seems to be a significant public health problem in India, but does not garner attention due to the absence of a surveillance and documentation system. Thus, inclusion of mumps antigen in the Universal immunization program would have added advantages, the economic burden imposed by the cost of the vaccine offset by a reduction in disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Vaidya
- Measles Group, National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune; and *Department of Microbiology, Yogeshwari Mahavidyalaya Ambajogai affiliated to Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad; Maharashtra, India. Correspondence to: Dr Sunil R Vaidya, Scientist-E and Measles Group Leader, WHO Accredited National Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr Ambedkar Road, Post Box 11, Pune 411 001, India.
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Vaidya SR, Chowdhury DT, Jadhav SM, Hamde VS. Complete genome sequence of mumps viruses isolated from patients with parotitis, pancreatitis and encephalitis in India. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 39:272-278. [PMID: 26876221 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Limited information is available regarding epidemiology of mumps in India. Mumps vaccine is not included in the Universal Immunization Program of India. The complete genome sequences of Indian mumps virus (MuV) isolates are not available, hence this study was performed. Five isolates from bilateral parotitis and pancreatitis patients from Maharashtra, a MuV isolate from unilateral parotitis patient from Tamil Nadu, and a MuV isolate from encephalitis patient from Uttar Pradesh were genotyped by the standard protocol of the World Health Organization and subsequently complete genomes were sequenced. Indian MuV genomes were compared with published MuV genomes, including reference genotypes and eight vaccine strains for the genetic differences. The SH gene analysis revealed that five MuV isolates belonged to genotype C and two belonged to genotype G strains. The percent nucleotide divergence (PND) was 1.1% amongst five MuV genotype C strains and 2.2% amongst two MuV genotype G strains. A comparison with widely used mumps Jeryl Lynn vaccine strain revealed that Indian mumps isolates had 54, 54, 53, 49, 49, 38, and 49 amino acid substitutions in Chennai-2012, Kushinagar-2013, Pune-2008, Osmanabad-2012a, Osmanabad-2012b, Pune-1986 and Pune-2012, respectively. This study reports the complete genome sequences of Indian MuV strains obtained in years 1986, 2008, 2012 and 2013 that may be useful for further studies in India and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil R Vaidya
- National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, 20-A Dr Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India.
| | - Deepika T Chowdhury
- National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, 20-A Dr Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Santoshkumar M Jadhav
- National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, 20-A Dr Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Venkat S Hamde
- Department of Microbiology, Yogeshwari Mahavidyalaya Ambajogai affiliated to Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431 004, India
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