1
|
Zhao W, Song J, Wang M, Chen X, Du B, An Y, Zhang L, Wang D, Guo C. Alfalfa MsATG13 Confers Cold Stress Tolerance to Plants by Promoting Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12033. [PMID: 37569409 PMCID: PMC10418659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular process that functions in the maintenance of physiological and metabolic balance. It has previously been demonstrated to improve plant tolerance to abiotic stress. Numerous autophagy-related genes (ATGs) that regulate abiotic stress have been identified, but there have been few functional studies showing how ATGs confer cold stress tolerance. The cold transcriptome data of the crown buds that experienced overwintering of the alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) showed that MsATG13 is upregulated in response to cold stress. In the present study, we found that MsATG13 transgenic tobacco enhanced cold tolerance compared to wild-type (WT) plants. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that transgenic tobacco overexpressing MsATG13 formed more autophagosomes than WT plants in response to cold stress conditions. The transgenic tobacco increased autophagy levels due to upregulation of other ATGs that were necessary for autophagosome production under cold stress conditions. MsATG13 transgenic tobacco also increased the proline contents and antioxidant enzyme activities, enhancing the antioxidant defense capabilities under cold stress conditions. Furthermore, MsATG13 overexpression decreased levels of superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide under cold stress conditions. These findings demonstrate the role of MsATG13 in enhancing plant cold tolerance through modulation of autophagy and antioxidant levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Changhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, No. 1 of Shida Road, Limin Development Zone, Harbin 150025, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ul Haq SI, Zheng D, Feng N, Jiang X, Qiao F, He JS, Qiu QS. Progresses of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in forage crops. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 279:153860. [PMID: 36371870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) mediated-genome editing has evolved into a powerful tool that is widely used in plant species to induce editing in the genome for analyzing gene function and crop improvement. CRISPR/Cas9 is an RNA-guided genome editing tool consisting of a Cas9 nuclease and a single-guide RNA (sgRNA). The CRISPR/Cas9 system enables more accurate and efficient genome editing in crops. In this review, we summarized the advances of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology in plant genome editing and its applications in forage crops. We described briefly about the development of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in plant genome editing. We assessed the progress of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted-mutagenesis in various forage crops, including alfalfa, Medicago truncatula, Hordeum vulgare, Sorghum bicolor, Setaria italica and Panicum virgatum. The potentials and challenges of CRISPR/Cas9 in forage breeding were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Inzimam Ul Haq
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Naijie Feng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Feng Qiao
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
| | - Jin-Sheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Quan-Sheng Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China; College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu J, Wang T, Weng Y, Liu B, Gao Q, Ji W, Wang Z, Wang Y, Ma X. Identification and Characterization of Regulatory Pathways Controlling Dormancy Under Lower Temperature in Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:872839. [PMID: 35720528 PMCID: PMC9201922 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.872839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), a kind of high-quality perennial legume forage, is widely distributed in the northern regions of China. In recent years, low temperatures have frequently occurred and limited alfalfa productivity and survival in early spring and late fall. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of alfalfa response to cold tolerance are not well-documented. In this study, dormancy and non-dormancy alfalfa standard varieties were characterized under low-temperature stress. Our analysis revealed that plant height of the dormancy genotype was strongly inhibited by low temperature; flavonoids content, and higher expression of flavonoids biosynthesis genes (chalcone synthase, leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase, and flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase) may play essential roles in response to low-temperature stress in dormancy genotype alfalfa. Further analyses revealed that receptor-like kinase family genes (such as cysteine-rich RLK10, lectin protein kinase, and S-locus glycoprotein like kinase), RNA and protein synthesis genes (RNA polymerases, ribosomal protein, and protein phosphatase 2C family protein), and proteasome degradation pathway genes (such as F-box family protein, RING/U-box superfamily protein, and zinc finger family protein) also highly upregulated and contributed to cold tolerance phenotype in dormancy genotype alfalfa. This will provide new insights into future studies for cold tolerance in alfalfa and offer new target genes for further functional characterization and genetic improvement of alfalfa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingfu Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiemei Wang
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyin Weng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu Gao
- National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ji
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuanling Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiqing Ma
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cui G, Tian F, Hu Y, Wei X, Zhu X, Wang X, Wang C, Li J, Degen AA, Duan H. Photosynthesis, fluorescence, and nutrition of Zhonglan No. 2, a new alfalfa cultivar. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:6434-6442. [PMID: 33987837 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The years after planting play an important role in the above-ground biomass and nutritive value of alfalfa. Zhonglan No. 2 (Medicago sativa L. cv. Zhonglan No. 2) is a new breeding alfalfa cultivar characterized by high drought tolerance and high yield. To determine the optimum time for utilization of Zhonglan No. 2, we examined growth traits, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic and fluorescence parameters, and composition and nutritive values at the late vegetative and early flowering stages of the first stubble in the second, third, fourth, sixth, and eleventh years after planting. RESULTS In general, the height and leaf area decreased with increasing number of years after planting. At the late vegetative stage, the fourth-year alfalfa exhibited higher stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and better water use efficiency, and at the early flowering stage, the fourth-year alfalfa had the highest (P < 0.05) leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carboxylation efficiency (CE). Total digestible nutrients did not differ among years, but, in the early flowering stage, crude protein content decreased with years (P < 0.05). Malondialdehyde (MDA) content and total antioxidant capacity did not differ among years after planting, suggesting aging did not impose oxidative stress on this alfalfa cultivar. CONCLUSIONS Based on height, chlorophyll content, crude protein (CP) content, and photosynthetic and fluorescence parameters, the fourth year after planting, at the early flowering stage, was the best for using Zhonglan No. 2. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Cui
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Fuping Tian
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Hu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoxing Wei
- Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, PR China
| | - Xinqiang Zhu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Abraham Allan Degen
- Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Huirong Duan
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ma D, Liu B, Ge L, Weng Y, Cao X, Liu F, Mao P, Ma X. Identification and characterization of regulatory pathways involved in early flowering in the new leaves of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) by transcriptome analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:8. [PMID: 33407121 PMCID: PMC7788926 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02775-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a perennial legume extensively planted throughout the world as a high nutritive value livestock forage. Flowering time is an important agronomic trait that contributes to the production of alfalfa hay and seeds. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of flowering time regulation in alfalfa are not well understood. RESULTS In this study, an early-flowering alfalfa genotype 80 and a late-flowering alfalfa genotype 195 were characterized for the flowering phenotype. Our analysis revealed that the lower jasmonate (JA) content in new leaves and the downregulation of JA biosynthetic genes (i.e. lipoxygenase, the 12-oxophytodienoate reductase-like protein, and salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase) may play essential roles in the early-flowering phenotype of genotype 80. Further research indicated that genes encode pathogenesis-related proteins [e.g. leucine rich repeat (LRR) family proteins, receptor-like proteins, and toll-interleukin-like receptor (TIR)-nucleotide-binding site (NBS)-LRR class proteins] and members of the signaling receptor kinase family [LRR proteins, kinases domain of unknown function 26 (DUF26) and wheat leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase10 (LRK10)-like kinases] are related to early flowering in alfalfa. Additionally, those involved in secondary metabolism (2-oxoglutarate/Fe (II)-dependent dioxygenases and UDP-glycosyltransferase) and the proteasome degradation pathway [really interesting new gene (RING)/U-box superfamily proteins and F-box family proteins] are also related to early flowering in alfalfa. CONCLUSIONS Integrated phenotypical, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses demonstrate that hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways, pathogenesis-related genes, signaling receptor kinase family genes, secondary metabolism genes, and proteasome degradation pathway genes are responsible for the early flowering phenotype in alfalfa. This will provide new insights into future studies of flowering time in alfalfa and inform genetic improvement strategies for optimizing this important trait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Ma
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China/ Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021 China
| | - Bei Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Lingqiao Ge
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yinyin Weng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Fang Liu
- National Animal Husbandry Service, Maizidian Street, North Nongzhan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100125 China
| | - Peisheng Mao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xiqing Ma
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun H, Yu J, Zhang F, Kang J, Li M, Wang Z, Liu W, Zhang J, Yang Q, Long R. iTRAQ-based comparative proteomic analysis of differences in the protein profiles of stems and leaves from two alfalfa genotypes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:447. [PMID: 32993512 PMCID: PMC7525974 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the molecular regulatory mechanisms of early stem and leaf development, proteomic analysis was performed on leaves and stems of F genotype alfalfa, with thin stems and small leaves, and M genotype alfalfa, with thick stems and large leaves. RESULTS Based on fold-change thresholds of > 1.20 or < 0.83 (p < 0.05), a large number of proteins were identified as being differentially enriched between the M and F genotypes: 249 downregulated and 139 upregulated in stems and 164 downregulated and 134 upregulated in leaves. The differentially enriched proteins in stems were mainly involved in amino acid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, carbon fixation, and phenylalanine metabolism. The differentially enriched proteins in leaves were mainly involved in porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms. Six differentially enriched proteins were mapped onto the porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism pathway in leaves of the M genotype, including five upregulated proteins involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and one downregulated protein involved in chlorophyll degradation. Eleven differentially enriched proteins were mapped onto the phenylpropanoid pathway in stems of the M genotype, including two upregulated proteins and nine downregulated proteins. CONCLUSION Enhanced chlorophyll synthesis and decreased lignin synthesis provided a reasonable explanation for the larger leaves and lower levels of stem lignification in M genotype alfalfa. This proteomic study aimed to classify the functions of differentially enriched proteins and to provide information on the molecular regulatory networks involved in stem and leaf development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junmei Kang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingna Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaju Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingchuan Yang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Ruicai Long
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kulkarni KP, Tayade R, Asekova S, Song JT, Shannon JG, Lee JD. Harnessing the Potential of Forage Legumes, Alfalfa, Soybean, and Cowpea for Sustainable Agriculture and Global Food Security. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1314. [PMID: 30283466 PMCID: PMC6157451 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Substantial improvements in access to food and increased purchasing power are driving many people toward consuming nutrition-rich foods causing an unprecedented demand for protein food worldwide, which is expected to rise further. Forage legumes form an important source of feed for livestock and have potential to provide a sustainable solution for food and protein security. Currently, alfalfa is a commercially grown source of forage and feed in many countries. However, soybean and cowpea also have the potential to provide quality forage and fodder for animal use. The cultivation of forage legumes is under threat from changing climatic conditions, indicating the need for breeding cultivars that can sustain and acclimatize to the negative effects of climate change. Recent progress in genetic and genomic tools have facilitated the identification of quantitative trait loci and genes/alleles that can aid in developing forage cultivars through genomics-assisted breeding. Furthermore, transgenic technology can be utilized to manipulate the genetic makeup of plants to improve forage digestibility for better animal performance. In this article, we assess the genetic potential of three important legume crops, alfalfa, soybean, and cowpea in supplying quality fodder and feed for livestock. In addition, we examine the impact of climate change on forage quality and discuss efforts made in enhancing the adaptation of the plant to the abiotic stress conditions. Subsequently, we suggest the application of integrative approaches to achieve adequate forage production amid the unpredictable climatic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rupesh Tayade
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sovetgul Asekova
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Jong Tae Song
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - J. Grover Shannon
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jeong-Dong Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lei Y, Hannoufa A, Prates LL, Shi H, Wang Y, Biligetu B, Christensen D, Yu P. Effects of TT8 and HB12 Silencing on the Relations between the Molecular Structures of Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa) Plants and Their Nutritional Profiles and In Vitro Gas Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5602-5611. [PMID: 29750520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of silencing the TT8 and HB12 genes on the nutritive profiles and in vitro gas production of alfalfa in relation to the spectral molecular structures of alfalfa. TT8-silenced (TT8i, n = 5) and HB12-silenced (HB12i, n = 11) alfalfa were generated by RNA interference (RNAi) and grown with nontransgenic wild type controls (WT, n = 4) in a greenhouse. Alfalfa plants were harvested at early-to-mid vegetative stage. Samples were analyzed for their chemical compositions, CNCPS fractions, and in vitro gas production. Correlations and regressions of the nutritional profiles and in vitro gas production with the molecular spectral structures were also determined. The results showed that the transformed alfalfa had higher digestible fiber and lower crude protein with higher proportions of indigestible protein than WT. HB12 RNAi had lower gas production compared with those of the others. Some chemical, CNCPS, and gas-production profiles were closely correlated with spectral structures and could be well predicted from spectral parameters. In conclusion, the RNAi silencing of TT8 and HB12 in alfalfa altered the chemical, CNCPS and gas-production profiles of alfalfa, and such alterations were closely correlated with the inherent spectral structures of alfalfa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaogeng Lei
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources , University of Saskatchewan , 51 Campus Drive , Saskatoon , SK S7N 5A8 , Canada
| | - Abdelali Hannoufa
- London Research and Development Centre , Agriculture and Argi-Food Canada , 1391 Sandford Street , London , ON N5V 4T3 , Canada
| | - Luciana Louzada Prates
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources , University of Saskatchewan , 51 Campus Drive , Saskatoon , SK S7N 5A8 , Canada
| | - Haitao Shi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources , University of Saskatchewan , 51 Campus Drive , Saskatoon , SK S7N 5A8 , Canada
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre , Agriculture and Argi-Food Canada , 5403 First Avenue South , Lethbridge , AB T1J 4B1 , Canada
| | - Bill Biligetu
- Department of Plant Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , 51 Campus Drive , Saskatoon , SK S7N 5A8 , Canada
| | - David Christensen
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources , University of Saskatchewan , 51 Campus Drive , Saskatoon , SK S7N 5A8 , Canada
| | - Peiqiang Yu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources , University of Saskatchewan , 51 Campus Drive , Saskatoon , SK S7N 5A8 , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fan W, Ge G, Liu Y, Wang W, Liu L, Jia Y. Proteomics integrated with metabolomics: analysis of the internal causes of nutrient changes in alfalfa at different growth stages. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:78. [PMID: 29728056 PMCID: PMC5935980 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage resources in the world due to its high nutritive value. However, its nutritional quality decreases during the transition from budding to flowering. Previous research revealed a decreased crude protein content and increased fibre content in alfalfa forage harvested at later maturity stages, leading to a reduction in nutritional quality. However, the reasons for this phenomenon have not been explained at the molecular level. RESULTS In this study, leaves from the WL319HQ alfalfa cultivar were harvested at two developmental stages (budding and mid-flowering). The leaves were used to test the variable expression of proteins and metabolites during these stages. TMT-based quantitative proteomics and LC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics methods were employed in this study. A total of 415 proteins and 49 metabolites showed at least a 1.2-fold difference in abundance during these stages. Most of the differentially expressed proteins and metabolites were involved in metabolic processes, including carbohydrate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of amino acids. Alfalfa leaves in mid-flowering contain less crude protein due to the decrease in L-glutamic acid content. Carbohydrate metabolism provides the raw material for the synthesis of hemicellulose, resulting in an increase in the hemicellulose content of the alfalfa leaves, leading to an increase in the NDF content. In addition, the increase in L-phenylalanine content could have provided the conditions necessary for lignin synthesis. These are the main factors leading to reductions in alfalfa relative feed value (RFV) and quality. CONCLUSIONS This study used joint proteomic and metabolomic analyses to elucidate the relationship between the reduction in the nutritional value of alfalfa and complex biological processes. This provides a theoretical basis for producing high-quality alfalfa hay and sets the stage for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Fan
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High-Efficiency Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011 China
| | - Gentu Ge
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High-Efficiency Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011 China
| | - Yinghao Liu
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High-Efficiency Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011 China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High-Efficiency Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011 China
| | - Liying Liu
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High-Efficiency Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011 China
| | - Yushan Jia
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High-Efficiency Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010011 China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shrestha G, Reddy GVP, Jaronski ST. Field efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis galleriae strain SDS-502 for the management of alfalfa weevil and its impact on Bathyplectes spp. parasitization rate. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 153:6-11. [PMID: 29428603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica Gyllenhal, is an important pest in forage alfalfa worldwide, and especially so on the Northern Plains of North America. Neither the weevil-specific fungus, Erynia phytonomi, nor the weevil's parasitoids are able to routinely suppress outbreaks as they do in the eastern U.S. A new Bacillus thuringiensis var. galleriae, having a Cry8Da coleopteran-active toxin, has been recently commercialized. We examined the efficacy of this B. thuringiensis product against the H. postica in replicated field trials in north central Montana. Because it has been suggested that efficiency of the parasitoids, Bathyplectes curculionis and Oomyzus incertus, was inversely proportional to host numbers (i.e., parasitoid efficiency increased when host population is low), we also sought to determine if a partial reduction of larval H. postica populations with a B. thuringiensis would yield to greater parasitoid efficiency, manifested as higher percent parasitism among the surviving larvae. The B. thuringiensis gave 27-40% reduction in weevil numbers at the low label rate, 55-59% for the high label rate. Mean parasitism at the two research locations varied from 5-26% and 17-36% respectively, but application of the B. thuringiensis had no significant effect on parasitism levels, i.e. parasitism was not greater in treated than in carrier control plots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Shrestha
- Department of Research Centers, Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center, Montana State University, P.O. Box 656, 9546 Old Shelby Rd., Conrad, MT 59425, USA
| | - Gadi V P Reddy
- Department of Research Centers, Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center, Montana State University, P.O. Box 656, 9546 Old Shelby Rd., Conrad, MT 59425, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu D, Liu M, Liu XL, Cheng XG, Liang ZW. Silicon Priming Created an Enhanced Tolerance in Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) Seedlings in Response to High Alkaline Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:716. [PMID: 29896213 PMCID: PMC5986902 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline stress as a result of higher pH usually triggers more severe physiological damage to plants than that of saline stress with a neutral pH. In the present study, we demonstrated that silicon (Si) priming of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seedlings increased their tolerance to high alkaline stress situations. Gongnong No. 1 seedlings were subjected to alkaline stress simulated by 25 mM Na2CO3 (pH 11.2). Alkaline stress greatly decreased the biomass and caused severe lodging or wilting of alfalfa seedlings. In contrast, the application of Si to alfalfa seedlings 36 h prior to the alkaline treatment significantly alleviated the damage symptoms and greatly increased the biomass and chlorophyll content. Because of being concomitant with increasing photosynthesis and water use efficiency, decreasing membrane injury and malondialdehyde content, and increasing peroxidase and catalase ascorbate activities in alfalfa leaves, thereby alleviating the triggered oxidative damage by alkaline stress to the plant. Furthermore, Si priming significantly decreased the accumulation of protein and proline content in alfalfa, thus reducing photosynthetic feedback repression. Si priming significantly accumulated more Na in the roots, but led to a decrease of Na accumulation and an increase of K accumulation in the leaves under alkaline stress. Meanwhile, Si priming decreased the accumulation of metal ions such as Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn in the roots of alfalfa seedlings under alkaline stress. Collectively, these results suggested that Si is involved in the metabolic or physiological changes and has a potent priming effect on the alkaline tolerance of alfalfa seedlings. The present study indicated that Si priming is a new approach to improve the alkaline tolerance in alfalfa and provides increasing information for further exploration of the alkaline stress response at the molecular level in alfalfa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duo Liu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Long Liu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Guo Cheng
- Lab of Plant Nutrition Molecular Biology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xian-Guo Cheng, Zheng-Wei Liang,
| | - Zheng-Wei Liang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xian-Guo Cheng, Zheng-Wei Liang,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lei Y, Hannoufa A, Yu P. The Use of Gene Modification and Advanced Molecular Structure Analyses towards Improving Alfalfa Forage. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E298. [PMID: 28146083 PMCID: PMC5343834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa is one of the most important legume forage crops in the world. In spite of its agronomic and nutritive advantages, alfalfa has some limitations in the usage of pasture forage and hay supplement. High rapid degradation of protein in alfalfa poses a risk of rumen bloat to ruminants which could cause huge economic losses for farmers. Coupled with the relatively high lignin content, which impedes the degradation of carbohydrate in rumen, alfalfa has unbalanced and asynchronous degradation ratio of nitrogen to carbohydrate (N/CHO) in rumen. Genetic engineering approaches have been used to manipulate the expression of genes involved in important metabolic pathways for the purpose of improving the nutritive value, forage yield, and the ability to resist abiotic stress. Such gene modification could bring molecular structural changes in alfalfa that are detectable by advanced structural analytical techniques. These structural analyses have been employed in assessing alfalfa forage characteristics, allowing for rapid, convenient and cost-effective analysis of alfalfa forage quality. In this article, we review two major obstacles facing alfalfa utilization, namely poor protein utilization and relatively high lignin content, and highlight genetic studies that were performed to overcome these drawbacks, as well as to introduce other improvements to alfalfa quality. We also review the use of advanced molecular structural analysis in the assessment of alfalfa forage for its potential usage in quality selection in alfalfa breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaogeng Lei
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
| | - Abdelali Hannoufa
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada.
| | - Peiqiang Yu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang X, Li J, Ban L, Wu Y, Wu X, Wang Y, Wen H, Chapurin V, Dzyubenko N, Li Z, Wang Z, Gao H. Functional characterization of a gibberellin receptor and its application in alfalfa biomass improvement. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41296. [PMID: 28128230 PMCID: PMC5269710 DOI: 10.1038/srep41296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive gibberellins (GAs) are essential phytohormones involved in the regulation of many aspects of plant development. GA receptors are crucial in GA signal transduction in plants. The GA receptor GoGID1 promotes plant elongation and improves biomass production when ectopically expressed in tobacco. Here, we discovered that GoGID1 can interact with the DELLA proteins of Arabidopsis in the presence of gibberellic acid. GoGID1 partially or completely functionally rescued the phenotypes of the Arabidopsis double-mutants atgid1a/atgid1c and atgid1a/atgid1b. The overexpression of GoGID1 led to increases in plant height and biomass production in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. The GoGID1 gene enhanced GA sensitivity of the transgenic plants. More importantly, transgenic alfalfa plants overexpressing GoGID1 exhibited increased growth rates, heights and biomass and produced larger leaves when compared with the control plants. Thus, GoGID1 functions as a GA receptor, playing multiple roles in plant growth and development. The GoGID1 gene has the potential to be used in the genetic engineering of forage crops for biomass improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Liping Ban
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yudi Wu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinming Wu
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Yunqi Wang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Hongyu Wen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Vladimir Chapurin
- N.I.Vavilov All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Industry, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia
| | - Nikolay Dzyubenko
- N.I.Vavilov All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Industry, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Zan Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongwen Gao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kang P, Bao AK, Kumar T, Pan YQ, Bao Z, Wang F, Wang SM. Assessment of Stress Tolerance, Productivity, and Forage Quality in T 1 Transgenic Alfalfa Co-overexpressing ZxNHX and ZxVP1-1 from Zygophyllum xanthoxylum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1598. [PMID: 27833624 PMCID: PMC5081344 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Salinization, desertification, and soil nutrient deprivation are threatening the production of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in northern China. We have previously generated T0 transgenic alfalfa co-overexpressing Zygophyllum xanthoxylum ZxNHX and ZxVP1-1 genes with enhanced salt and drought tolerance. To further develop this excellent breeding material into the new forage cultivar, stress tolerance, productivity, and forage quality of T1 transgenic alfalfa (GM) were assessed in this study. The GM inherited the traits of salt and drought tolerance from T0 generation. Most importantly, co-overexpression of ZxNHX and ZxVP1-1 enhanced the tolerance to Pi deficiency in GM, which was associated with more Pi accumulation in plants. Meanwhile, T1 transgenic alfalfa developed a larger root system with increased root size, root dry weight and root/shoot ratio, which may be one important reason for the improvement of phosphorus nutrition and high biomass accumulation in GM under various conditions. GM also accumulated more crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, and crude ash than wild-type (WT) plants, especially under stress conditions and in the field. More interestingly, the crude fat contents sharply dropped in WT (by 66-74%), whereas showed no change or decreased less in GM, when subjected to salinity, drought or low-Pi. Our results indicate that T1 transgenic alfalfa co-overexpressing ZxNHX and ZxVP1-1 shows stronger stress tolerance, higher productivity and better forage quality. This study provides a solid foundation for creating the alfalfa cultivars with high yield, good quality and wide adaptability on saline, dry, and nutrient-deprived marginal lands of northern China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ai-Ke Bao
- *Correspondence: Ai-Ke Bao, Suo-Min Wang,
| | | | | | | | | | - Suo-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Printz B, Guerriero G, Sergeant K, Renaut J, Lutts S, Hausman JF. Ups and downs in alfalfa: Proteomic and metabolic changes occurring in the growing stem. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 238:13-25. [PMID: 26259170 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The expanding interest for using lignocellulosic biomass in industry spurred the study of the mechanisms underlying plant cell-wall synthesis. Efforts using genetic approaches allowed the disentanglement of major steps governing stem fibre synthesis. Nonetheless, little is known about the relations between the stem maturation and the evolution of its proteome. During Medicago sativa L. maturation, the different internodes grow asynchronously allowing the discrimination of various developmental stages on a same stem. In this study, the proteome of three selected regions of the stem of alfalfa (apical, intermediate and basal) was analyzed and combined with a compositional analysis of the different stem parts. Interestingly, the apical and the median regions share many similarities: high abundance of chloroplast- and mitochondrial-related proteins together with the accumulation of proteins acting in the early steps of fibre production. In the mature basal region, forisomes and stress-related proteins accumulate. The RT-qPCR assessment of the expression of genes coding for members of the cellulose synthase family likewise indicates that fibres and the machinery responsible for the deposition of secondary cell walls are predominantly formed in the apical section. Altogether, this study reflects the metabolic change from the fibre production in the upper stem regions to the acquisition of defence-related functions in the fibrous basal part.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Printz
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg; Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute Agronomy (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (bte 7.07.13) Place Croix du Sud, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute Agronomy (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (bte 7.07.13) Place Croix du Sud, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang WJ, Wang T. Enhanced salt tolerance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) by rstB gene transformation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 234:110-8. [PMID: 25804814 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Generating salt tolerance forage plant is essential for use of the land affected by high salinity. A salt tolerance gene rstB was used as a selectable marker gene in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tobacco under a selective regime of 170mM NaCl. The transgenic plants showed clear improvement in salt tolerance. To improve salt tolerance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), rstB gene was introduced into alfalfa genome by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. No abnormal phenotype was observed among the transgenic plants when compared with wild type (wt) plants. Significant enhancement of resistance to salt-shock treatment was noted on the rstB transgenic (T0) plants. Transgenic second-generation (T1) seeds showed improved germination rate and seedling growth under salt-stress condition. Hindered Na(+) accumulation, but enhanced Ca(2+) accumulation was observed on the rstB T1 plants when subjected to salt-stresses. Enhanced calcium accumulation in transgenic plants was also verified by cytohistochemical localization of calcium. Under salt-stress of 50mM NaCl, about 15% of the transgenic plants finished their life-cycle but the wt plants had no flower formation. The results demonstrated that the expression of rstB gene improved salt tolerance in transgenic alfalfa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Jun Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-biotechnology, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Y, Liu J, Zhou Y, Gong T, Wang J, Ge Y. Enhanced phytoremediation of mixed heavy metal (mercury)-organic pollutants (trichloroethylene) with transgenic alfalfa co-expressing glutathione S-transferase and human P450 2E1. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 260:1100-1107. [PMID: 23933506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination is a global environmental problem and many efforts have been made to find efficient remediation methods over the last decade. Moreover, remediation of mixed contaminated soils are more difficult. In the present study, transgenic alfalfa plants pKHCG co-expressing glutathione S-transferase (GST) and human P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) genes were used for phytoremediation of mixed mercury (Hg)-trichloroethylene (TCE) contaminants. Simultaneous expression of GST and CYP2E1 may produce a significant synergistic effect, and leads to improved resistance and accumulation to heavy metal-organic complex contaminants. Based on the tolerance and accumulation assays, pKHCG transgenic plants were more resistant to Hg/TCE complex pollutants and many folds higher in Hg/TCE-accumulation than the non-transgenic control plants in mixed contaminated soil. It is confirmed that GST and CYP2E1 co-expression may be a useful strategy to help achieve mixed heavy metal-organic pollutants phytoremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, PO Box 70, Qingdao 266042, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|