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Döll S, Djalali Farahani-Kofoet R, Zrenner R, Henze A, Witzel K. Tissue-specific signatures of metabolites and proteins in asparagus roots and exudates. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:86. [PMID: 33795633 PMCID: PMC8016990 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive untargeted and targeted analysis of root exudate composition has advanced our understanding of rhizosphere processes. However, little is known about exudate spatial distribution and regulation. We studied the specific metabolite signatures of asparagus root exudates, root outer (epidermis and exodermis), and root inner tissues (cortex and vasculature). The greatest differences were found between exudates and root tissues. In total, 263 non-redundant metabolites were identified as significantly differentially abundant between the three root fractions, with the majority being enriched in the root exudate and/or outer tissue and annotated as 'lipids and lipid-like molecules' or 'phenylpropanoids and polyketides'. Spatial distribution was verified for three selected compounds using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry imaging. Tissue-specific proteome analysis related root tissue-specific metabolite distributions and rhizodeposition with underlying biosynthetic pathways and transport mechanisms. The proteomes of root outer and inner tissues were spatially very distinct, in agreement with the fundamental differences between their functions and structures. According to KEGG pathway analysis, the outer tissue proteome was characterized by a high abundance of proteins related to 'lipid metabolism', 'biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites' and 'transport and catabolism', reflecting its main functions of providing a hydrophobic barrier, secreting secondary metabolites, and mediating water and nutrient uptake. Proteins more abundant in the inner tissue related to 'transcription', 'translation' and 'folding, sorting and degradation', in accord with the high activity of cortical and vasculature cell layers in growth- and development-related processes. In summary, asparagus root fractions accumulate specific metabolites. This expands our knowledge of tissue-specific plant cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Döll
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Rita Zrenner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Andrea Henze
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Katja Witzel
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Großbeeren, Germany.
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Rativa AGS, Junior ATDA, Friedrich DDS, Gastmann R, Lamb TI, Silva ADS, Adamski JM, Fett JP, Ricachenevsky FK, Sperotto RA. Root responses of contrasting rice genotypes to low temperature stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 255:153307. [PMID: 33142180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) ssp. indica is the most cultivated species in the South of Brazil. However, these plants face low temperature stress from September to November, which is the period of early sowing, affecting plant development during the initial stages of growth, and reducing rice productivity. This study aimed to characterize the root response to low temperature stress during the early vegetative stage of two rice genotypes contrasting in their cold tolerance (CT, cold-tolerant; and CS, cold-sensitive). Root dry weight and length, as well as the number of root hairs, were higher in CT than CS when exposed to cold treatment. Histochemical analyses indicated that roots of CS genotype present higher levels of lipid peroxidation and H2O2 accumulation, along with lower levels of plasma membrane integrity than CT under low temperature stress. RNAseq analyses revealed that the contrasting genotypes present completely different molecular responses to cold stress. The number of over-represented functional categories was lower in CT than CS under cold condition, suggesting that CS genotype is more impacted by low temperature stress than CT. Several genes might contribute to rice cold tolerance, including the ones related with cell wall remodeling, cytoskeleton and growth, signaling, antioxidant system, lipid metabolism, and stress response. On the other hand, high expression of the genes SRC2 (defense), root architecture associated 1 (growth), ACC oxidase, ethylene-responsive transcription factor, and cytokinin-O-glucosyltransferase 2 (hormone-related) seems to be related with cold sensibility. Since these two genotypes have a similar genetic background (sister lines), the differentially expressed genes found here can be considered candidate genes for cold tolerance and could be used in future biotechnological approaches aiming to increase rice tolerance to low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Gastmann
- Biological Sciences and Health Center, University of Taquari Valley - Univates, Lajeado, Brazil
| | - Thainá Inês Lamb
- Biological Sciences and Health Center, University of Taquari Valley - Univates, Lajeado, Brazil
| | | | | | - Janette Palma Fett
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Klein Ricachenevsky
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Raul Antonio Sperotto
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Taquari Valley - Univates, Lajeado, Brazil; Biological Sciences and Health Center, University of Taquari Valley - Univates, Lajeado, Brazil.
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Gendre D, Baral A, Dang X, Esnay N, Boutté Y, Stanislas T, Vain T, Claverol S, Gustavsson A, Lin D, Grebe M, Bhalerao RP. Rho-of-plant activated root hair formation requires Arabidopsis YIP4a/b gene function. Development 2019; 146:dev.168559. [PMID: 30770391 PMCID: PMC6432664 DOI: 10.1242/dev.168559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are protrusions from root epidermal cells with crucial roles in plant soil interactions. Although much is known about patterning, polarity and tip growth of root hairs, contributions of membrane trafficking to hair initiation remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the trans-Golgi network-localized YPT-INTERACTING PROTEIN 4a and YPT-INTERACTING PROTEIN 4b (YIP4a/b) contribute to activation and plasma membrane accumulation of Rho-of-plant (ROP) small GTPases during hair initiation, identifying YIP4a/b as central trafficking components in ROP-dependent root hair formation. Summary: YPT-interacting proteins 4a and 4b (YIP4a/b) contribute to activation and plasma membrane accumulation of Rho-of-plant (ROP) small GTPases during hair initiation, identifying YIP4a/b as central trafficking components in ROP-dependent root hair formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Gendre
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anirban Baral
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Xie Dang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Nicolas Esnay
- CNRS-University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, Villenave d'Ornon 33140, France
| | - Yohann Boutté
- CNRS-University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, Villenave d'Ornon 33140, France
| | - Thomas Stanislas
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Building 20, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Thomas Vain
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stéphane Claverol
- Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Plateforne Protéome, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - Anna Gustavsson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Deshu Lin
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Markus Grebe
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Building 20, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany .,Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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Moon S, Chandran AKN, An G, Lee C, Jung KH. Genome-wide analysis of root hair-preferential genes in rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 11:48. [PMID: 30159808 PMCID: PMC6115326 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-018-0241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root hairs are valuable in taking up nutrients and water from the rhizosphere and serving as sites of interactions with soil microorganisms. By increasing the external surface area of the roots or interacting with rhizobacteria, root hairs directly and indirectly promote plant growth and yield. Transcriptome data can be used to understand root-hair development in rice. RESULT We performed Agilent 44 K microarray experiments with enriched root-hair samples and identified 409 root hair-preferential genes in rice. The expression patterns of six genes were confirmed using a GUS reporter system and quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis demonstrated that 13 GO terms, including oxygen transport and cell wall generation, were highly over-represented in those genes. Although comparative analysis between rice and Arabidopsis revealed a large proportion of orthologous pairs, their spatial expression patterns were not conserved. To investigate the molecular network associated with root hair-preferential genes in rice, we analyzed the PPI network as well as coexpression data. Subsequently, we developed a refined network consisting of 24 interactions between 10 genes and 18 of their interactors. CONCLUSION Identification of root hair-preferential genes and in depth analysis of those genes will be a useful reference to accelerate the understanding of root-hair development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunok Moon
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Anil Kumar Nalini Chandran
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Chanhui Lee
- Department of Plant and Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea.
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea.
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Robertson-Albertyn S, Alegria Terrazas R, Balbirnie K, Blank M, Janiak A, Szarejko I, Chmielewska B, Karcz J, Morris J, Hedley PE, George TS, Bulgarelli D. Root Hair Mutations Displace the Barley Rhizosphere Microbiota. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1094. [PMID: 28694814 PMCID: PMC5483447 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The rhizosphere, the thin layer of soil surrounding and influenced by plant roots, defines a distinct and selective microbial habitat compared to unplanted soil. The microbial communities inhabiting the rhizosphere, the rhizosphere microbiota, engage in interactions with their host plants which span from parasitism to mutualism. Therefore, the rhizosphere microbiota emerges as one of the determinants of yield potential in crops. Studies conducted with different plant species have unequivocally pointed to the host plant as a driver of the microbiota thriving at the root-soil interface. Thus far, the host genetic traits shaping the rhizosphere microbiota are not completely understood. As root hairs play a critical role in resource exchanges between plants and the rhizosphere, we hypothesized that they can act as a determinant of the microbiota thriving at the root-soil interface. To test this hypothesis, we took advantage of barley (Hordeum vulgare) mutant lines contrasting for their root hair characteristics. Plants were grown in two agricultural soils, differentiating in their organic matter contents, under controlled environmental conditions. At early stem elongation rhizosphere specimens were collected and subjected to high-resolution 16S rRNA gene profiling. Our data revealed that the barley rhizosphere microbiota is largely dominated by members of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, regardless of the soil type and the root hair characteristics of the host plant. Conversely, ecological indices calculated using operational taxonomic units (OTUs) presence, abundance, and phylogeny revealed a significant impact of root hair mutations on the composition of the rhizosphere microbiota. In particular, our data indicate that mutant plants host a reduced-complexity community compared to wild-type genotypes and unplanted soil controls. Congruently, the host genotype explained up to 18% of the variation in ecological distances computed for the rhizosphere samples. Importantly, this effect is manifested in a soil-dependent manner. A closer inspection of the sequencing profiles revealed that the root hair-dependent diversification of the microbiota is supported by a taxonomically narrow group of bacteria, with a bias for members of the orders Actinomycetales, Burkholderiales, Rhizobiales, Sphingomonadales, and Xanthomonadales. Taken together, our results indicate that the presence and function of root hairs are a determinant of the bacterial community thriving in the rhizosphere and their perturbations can markedly impact on the recruitment of individual members of the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katharin Balbirnie
- Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundee, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Blank
- Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundee, United Kingdom
| | - Agnieszka Janiak
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Beata Chmielewska
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Jagna Karcz
- Scanning Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Jenny Morris
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, United Kingdom
| | - Pete E. Hedley
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy S. George
- Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton InstituteDundee, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Bulgarelli
- Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundee, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Davide Bulgarelli,
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Wang H, Lan P, Shen RF. Integration of transcriptomic and proteomic analysis towards understanding the systems biology of root hairs. Proteomics 2016; 16:877-93. [PMID: 26749523 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Plants and other multicellular organisms consist of many types of specialized cells. Systems-wide exploration of large-scale information from singe cell level is essential to understand how cell works. Root hairs, tubular-shaped outgrowths from root epidermal cells, play important roles in the acquisition of nutrients and water, in the interaction with microbe, and in plant anchorage, and represent an ideal model to study the biology of a single cell type. Single cell sampling combined with omics approaches has been applied to study plant root hairs. This review emphasizes the integration of omics approaches towards understanding the systems biology of root hairs, unraveling the common and plant species-specific properties of root hairs, as well as the concordance of protein and transcript abundance. Understanding plant root hair biology by mining the integrated omics data will provide a way to know how a single cell differentiates, elongates, and functions, which might help molecularly modify crops for developing sustainable agriculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ping Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Kwasniewski M, Daszkowska-Golec A, Janiak A, Chwialkowska K, Nowakowska U, Sablok G, Szarejko I. Transcriptome analysis reveals the role of the root hairs as environmental sensors to maintain plant functions under water-deficiency conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:1079-94. [PMID: 26585228 PMCID: PMC4753848 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
An important part of the root system is the root hairs, which play a role in mineral and water uptake. Here, we present an analysis of the transcriptomic response to water deficiency of the wild-type (WT) barley cultivar 'Karat' and its root-hairless mutant rhl1.a. A comparison of the transcriptional changes induced by water stress resulted in the identification of genes whose expression was specifically affected in each genotype. At the onset of water stress, more genes were modulated by water shortage in the roots of the WT plants than in the roots of rhl1.a. The roots of the WT plants, but not of rhl1.a, specifically responded with the induction of genes that are related to the abscisic acid biosynthesis, stomatal closure, and cell wall biogenesis, thus indicating the specific activation of processes that are related to water-stress signalling and protection. On the other hand, the processes involved in the further response to abiotic stimuli, including hydrogen peroxide, heat, and high light intensity, were specifically up-regulated in the leaves of rhl1.a. An extended period of severe stress caused more drastic transcriptome changes in the roots and leaves of the rhl1.a mutant than in those of the WT. These results are in agreement with the much stronger damage to photosystem II in the rhl1.a mutant than in its parent cultivar after 10 d of water stress. Taking into account the putative stress sensing and signalling features of the root hair transcriptome, we discuss the role of root hairs as sensors of environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslaw Kwasniewski
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Janiak
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Urszula Nowakowska
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Gaurav Sablok
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
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Marzec M, Melzer M, Szarejko I. Root hair development in the grasses: what we already know and what we still need to know. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 168:407-14. [PMID: 25873551 PMCID: PMC4453783 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A priority in many crop improvement programs for a long time has been to enhance the tolerance level of plants to both abiotic and biotic stress. Recognition that the root system is the prime determinant of a plant's ability to extract both water and minerals from the soil implies that its architecture is an important variable underlying a cultivar's adaptation. The density and/or length of the root hairs (RHs) that are formed are thought to have a major bearing on the plant's performance under stressful conditions. Any attempt to improve a crop's root system will require a detailed understanding of the processes of RH differentiation. Recent progress in uncovering the molecular basis of root epidermis specialization has been recorded in the grasses. This review seeks to present the current view of RH differentiation in grass species. It combines what has been learned from molecular-based analyses, histological studies, and observation of the phenotypes of both laboratory- and field-grown plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Marzec
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, 40-032 Katowice, Poland (M.Ma., I.S.); andDepartment of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (M.Me.)
| | - Michael Melzer
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, 40-032 Katowice, Poland (M.Ma., I.S.); andDepartment of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (M.Me.)
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, 40-032 Katowice, Poland (M.Ma., I.S.); andDepartment of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (M.Me.)
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Banaei-Asl F, Bandehagh A, Uliaei ED, Farajzadeh D, Sakata K, Mustafa G, Komatsu S. Proteomic analysis of canola root inoculated with bacteria under salt stress. J Proteomics 2015; 124:88-111. [PMID: 25896739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Plant-growth promoting bacteria can ameliorate the negative effects of salt stress on canola. To better understand the role of bacteria in canola under salt stress, salt-sensitive (Sarigol) and salt-tolerant (Hyola308) cultivars were inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescens and protein profiles of roots were compared. Bacterial inoculation increased the dry weight and length of canola roots under salt stress. Using a gel-free proteomic technique, 55 commonly changed proteins were identified in Sarigol and Hyola308 roots inoculated with bacteria under salt stress. In both canola cultivars, proteins related to amino acid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle were affected. Hierarchical cluster analysis divided the identified proteins into three clusters. Proteins related to Clusters II and III, which were secretion-associated RAS super family 1, dynamin-like protein, and histone, were increased in roots of both Sarigol and Hyola308 inoculated with bacteria under salt stress. Based on pathway mapping, proteins related to amino acid metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle significantly changed in canola cultivars inoculated with or without bacteria under salt stress. These results suggest that bacterial inoculation of canola roots increases tolerance to salt stress by proteins related to energy metabolism and cell division. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Plant-growth promoting bacteria as an emerging aid can ameliorate the negative effect of salt stress on canola. To understand the role of bacteria in canola under salt stress, salt sensitive Sarigol and tolerant Hyola308 cultivars were used. Dry weight and length of canola root were improved by inoculation of bacteria under salt stress. Using gel-free proteomic technique, 55 commonly changed proteins identified in Sarigol and Hyola308 inoculated with bacteria under salt stress. In both canola cultivars, the number of proteins related to amino acid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle was more than other categories with higher change in protein abundance. Hierarchical cluster analysis divided into 3 clusters. Cluster II including secretion-associated RAS super family 1 and dynamin-like protein and Cluster III including histones H2A were increased by bacterial inoculation in both cultivars. Furthermore, pathway mapping highlighted the importance of S-denosylmethionine synthetase and malate dehydrogenase that decreased in canola inoculated with bacteria under salt stress. These results suggest that bacterial inoculation helps the canola to endure salt stress by modulating the proteins related to energy metabolism and cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Banaei-Asl
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan; Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran
| | - Ali Bandehagh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Dorani Uliaei
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran
| | - Davoud Farajzadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz 53751-71379, Iran
| | - Katsumi Sakata
- Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi 371-0816, Japan
| | - Ghazala Mustafa
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan.
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10
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Levy E. Insights from human congenital disorders of intestinal lipid metabolism. J Lipid Res 2014; 56:945-62. [PMID: 25387865 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r052415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine must challenge the profuse daily flux of dietary fat that serves as a vital source of energy and as an essential component of cell membranes. The fat absorption process takes place in a series of orderly and interrelated steps, including the uptake and translocation of lipolytic products from the brush border membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum, lipid esterification, Apo synthesis, and ultimately the packaging of lipid and Apo components into chylomicrons (CMs). Deciphering inherited disorders of intracellular CM elaboration afforded new insight into the key functions of crucial intracellular proteins, such as Apo B, microsomal TG transfer protein, and Sar1b GTPase, the defects of which lead to hypobetalipoproteinemia, abetalipoproteinemia, and CM retention disease, respectively. These "experiments of nature" are characterized by fat malabsorption, steatorrhea, failure to thrive, low plasma levels of TGs and cholesterol, and deficiency of liposoluble vitamins and essential FAs. After summarizing and discussing the functions and regulation of these proteins for reader's comprehension, the current review focuses on their specific roles in malabsorptions and dyslipidemia-related intestinal fat hyperabsorption while dissecting the spectrum of clinical manifestations and managements. The influence of newly discovered proteins (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 and angiopoietin-like 3 protein) on fat absorption has also been provided. Finally, it is stressed how the overexpression or polymorphism status of the critical intracellular proteins promotes dyslipidemia and cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine and Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
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11
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Kwasniewski M, Chwialkowska K, Kwasniewska J, Kusak J, Siwinski K, Szarejko I. Accumulation of peroxidase-related reactive oxygen species in trichoblasts correlates with root hair initiation in barley. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:185-95. [PMID: 23218546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are an important model in studies of cell differentiation and development in higher plants. The function of NADPH oxidase-related reactive oxygen species (ROS) in root hair development has been reported extensively in studies on Arabidopsis. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of the initiation of root hair formation, mediated by the peroxidase-dependent production of the highly reactive hydroxyl radical in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The distribution of ROS, including the hydroxyl radical (OH) and superoxide (O(2)(-)) was assessed using hydroxyphenyl fluorescein and nitroblue tetrazolium chloride, respectively, in the roots of wild-type plants and two root-hair mutants: root-hairless (rhl1.a) and with root hair growth blocked at the primordium stage (rhp1.b). Peroxidase-dependent OH accumulation was linked to root hair initiation and growth in plants where root hair formation was at least initiated, whereas OH was not detectable in the epidermis of the root-hairless mutant rhl1.a. O(2)(-) distribution in the roots of rhl1.a and rhp1.b mutants was not impaired and did not influence the root hair phenotype. Peroxidase inhibitor treatments of wild-type roots dramatically reduced the ability of growing roots to form root hairs and thus phenocopied the root-hairless phenotype. Expression of two candidate peroxidase genes, HvPRX45 and HvPRX2, was analyzed and their possible role in root hair-specific production of hydroxyl radicals was discussed. We propose a model of a two-step, coordinated ROS formation process in root hair cells that involves root hair-specific peroxidase(s) and root hair-specific NADPH oxidase necessary for a proper root hair formation in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslaw Kwasniewski
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
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Kwasniewski M, Nowakowska U, Szumera J, Chwialkowska K, Szarejko I. iRootHair: a comprehensive root hair genomics database. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:28-35. [PMID: 23129204 PMCID: PMC3532259 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.206441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The specialized root epidermis cells of higher plants produce long, tubular outgrowths called root hairs. Root hairs play an important role in nutrient and water uptake, and they serve as a valuable model in studies of plant cell morphogenesis. More than 1,300 articles that describe the biological processes of these unique cells have been published to date. As new fields of root hair research are emerging, the number of new papers published each year and the volumes of new relevant data are continuously increasing. Therefore, there is a general need to facilitate studies on root hair biology by collecting, presenting, and sharing the available information in a systematic, curated manner. Consequently, in this paper, we present a comprehensive database of root hair genomics, iRootHair, which is accessible as a Web-based service. The current version of the database includes information about 153 root hair-related genes that have been identified to date in dicots and monocots along with their putative orthologs in higher plants with sequenced genomes. In order to facilitate the use of the iRootHair database, it is subdivided into interrelated, searchable sections that describe genes, processes of root hair formation, root hair mutants, and available references. The database integrates bioinformatics tools with a focus on sequence identification and annotation. iRootHair is a unique resource for root hair research that integrates the large volume of data related to root hair genomics in a single, curated, and expandable database that is freely available at www.iroothair.org.
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