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Trimpin S. A tutorial: Laserspray ionization and related laser-based ionization methods for use in mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:2234-2267. [PMID: 37462443 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
This Tutorial is to provide a summary of parameters useful for successful outcomes of laserspray ionization (LSI) and related methods that employ a laser to ablate a matrix:analyte sample to produce highly charged ions. In these methods the purpose of the laser is to transfer matrix-analyte clusters into the gas phase. Ions are hypothesized to be produced by a thermal process where emitted matrix:analyte gas-phase particles/clusters are charged and loss of matrix from the charged particles leads to release of the analyte ions into the gas phase. The thermal energy responsible for the charge-separation process is relatively low and not necessarily supplied by the laser; a heated inlet tube linking atmospheric pressure with the first vacuum stage of a mass spectrometer is sufficient. The inlet becomes the "ion source", and inter alia, pressure, temperature, and the matrix, which can be a solid, liquid, or combinations, become critical parameters. Injecting matrix:analyte into a heated inlet tube using laser ablation, a shockwave, or simply tapping, all produce the similar mass spectra. Applications are provided that showcase new opportunities in the field of mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Trimpin
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- MSTM, LLC, Newark, Delaware, USA
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Austin CA, Inutan ED, Bohrer BC, Li J, Fischer JL, Wijerathne K, Foley CD, Lietz CB, Woodall DW, Imperial LF, Clemmer DE, Trimpin S, Larsen BS. Resolving Isomers of Star-Branched Poly(Ethylene Glycols) by IMS-MS Using Multiply Charged Ions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:21-32. [PMID: 32510213 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) mass spectrometry (MS) centers on the ability to separate gaseous structures by size, charge, shape, and followed by mass-to-charge (m/z). For oligomeric structures, improved separation is hypothesized to be related to the ability to extend structures through repulsive forces between cations electrostatically bonded to the oligomers. Here we show the ability to separate differently branched multiply charged ions of star-branched poly(ethylene glycol) oligomers (up to 2000 Da) regardless of whether formed by electrospray ionization (ESI) charged solution droplets or from charged solid particles produced directly from a surface by matrix-assisted ionization. Detailed structural characterization of isomers of the star-branched compositions was first established using a home-built high-resolution ESI IMS-MS instrument. The doubly charged ions have well-resolved drift times, achieving separation of isomers and also allowing differentiation of star-branched versus linear oligomers. An IMS-MS "snapshot" approach allows visualization of architectural dispersity and (im)purity of samples in a straightforward manner. Analyses capabilities are shown for different cations and ionization methods using commercially available traveling wave IMS-MS instruments. Analyses directly from surfaces using the new ionization processes are, because of the multiply charging, not only associated with the benefits of improved gas-phase separations, relative to that of ions produced by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, but also provide the potential for spatially resolved measurements relative to ESI and other ionization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin A Austin
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Ellen D Inutan
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Brian C Bohrer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Joshua L Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Kanchana Wijerathne
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Casey D Foley
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Christopher B Lietz
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Daniel W Woodall
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Lorelie F Imperial
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - David E Clemmer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Sarah Trimpin
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Barbara S Larsen
- DuPont, Nutrition & Biosciences, Wilmington, Delaware 19808, United States
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Trimpin S, Marshall DD, Karki S, Madarshahian S, Hoang K, Meher AK, Pophristic M, Richards AL, Lietz CB, Fischer JL, Elia EA, Wang B, Pagnotti VS, Lutomski CA, El-Baba TJ, Lu IC, Wager-Miller J, Mackie K, McEwen CN, Inutan ED. An overview of biological applications and fundamentals of new inlet and vacuum ionization technologies. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35 Suppl 1:e8829. [PMID: 32402102 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The developments of new ionization technologies based on processes previously unknown to mass spectrometry (MS) have gained significant momentum. Herein we address the importance of understanding these unique ionization processes, demonstrate the new capabilities currently unmet by other methods, and outline their considerable analytical potential. METHODS The inlet and vacuum ionization methods of solvent-assisted ionization (SAI), matrix-assisted ionization (MAI), and laserspray ionization can be used with commercial and dedicated ion sources producing ions from atmospheric or vacuum conditions for analyses of a variety of materials including drugs, lipids, and proteins introduced from well plates, pipet tips and plate surfaces with and without a laser using solid or solvent matrices. Mass spectrometers from various vendors are employed. RESULTS Results are presented highlighting strengths relative to ionization methods of electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization. We demonstrate the utility of multi-ionization platforms encompassing MAI, SAI, and ESI and enabling detection of what otherwise is missed, especially when directly analyzing mixtures. Unmatched robustness is achieved with dedicated vacuum MAI sources with mechanical introduction of the sample to the sub-atmospheric pressure (vacuum MAI). Simplicity and use of a wide array of matrices are attained using a conduit (inlet ionization), preferably heated, with sample introduction from atmospheric pressure. Tissue, whole blood, urine (including mouse, chicken, and human origin), bacteria strains and chemical on-probe reactions are analyzed directly and, especially in the case of vacuum ionization, without concern of carryover or instrument contamination. CONCLUSIONS Examples are provided highlighting the exceptional analytical capabilities associated with the novel ionization processes in MS that reduce operational complexity while increasing speed and robustness, achieving mass spectra with low background for improved sensitivity, suggesting the potential of this simple ionization technology to drive MS into areas currently underserved, such as clinical and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Trimpin
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- MS™, LLC, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
| | - Darrell D Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- MS™, LLC, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
| | - Santosh Karki
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- MS™, LLC, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
| | | | - Khoa Hoang
- MS™, LLC, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
- University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anil K Meher
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- MS™, LLC, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
| | - Milan Pophristic
- MS™, LLC, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
- University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alicia L Richards
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | | | - Joshua L Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Efstathios A Elia
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Beixi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | | | - Corinne A Lutomski
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Tarick J El-Baba
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - I-Chung Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - James Wager-Miller
- Gill Center for Biomolecular Science and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Ken Mackie
- Gill Center for Biomolecular Science and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Charles N McEwen
- MS™, LLC, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
- University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ellen D Inutan
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- MS™, LLC, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
- Mindanao State University Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200, Philippines
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Sulimenkov IV, Taziev KR, Brusov VS, Kozlovskiy VI. Using matrix-assisted ionization method for mass spectral identification of fullerene-dye conjugates. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2020; 26:419-424. [PMID: 33174765 DOI: 10.1177/1469066720970520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Traditional soft ionization methods are not always suitable for mass spectral analysis of complex compounds. Factors such as laser radiation and heating resulting in fragmentations of sample molecules in the case of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and difficulties in preparing suitable sample solutions in the case of electrospray ionization make it impossible to use these methods in some cases. Matrix-assisted ionization was used to analyze products of chemical synthesis involving pyropheophorbide and fullerene. Mass spectra were acquired using a simple effective modification of the Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer electrospray interface. Reliable identification of pyropheophorbide-fullerene dyad ions and its derivatives was carried out. An experimental comparison of a matrix-assisted ionization and an electrospray ionization technique demonstrated the significant advantage in sensitivity to the ions under study (approximately 20 times higher) of the matrix-assisted ionization method in this particular study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Sulimenkov
- Chernogolovka Branch of the N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Kamil R Taziev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Russia
- Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir S Brusov
- Chernogolovka Branch of the N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Viatcheslav I Kozlovskiy
- Chernogolovka Branch of the N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Russia
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Charles L, Chendo C, Poyer S. Ion mobility spectrometry - Mass spectrometry coupling for synthetic polymers. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34 Suppl 2:e8624. [PMID: 31658387 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This review covers applications of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) hyphenated to mass spectrometry (MS) in the field of synthetic polymers. MS has become an essential technique in polymer science, but increasingly complex samples produced to provide desirable macroscopic properties of high-performance materials often require separation of species prior to their mass analysis. Similar to liquid chromatography, the IMS dimension introduces shape selectivity but enables separation at a much faster rate (milliseconds vs minutes). As a post-ionization technique, IMS can be hyphenated to MS to perform a double separation dimension of gas-phase ions, first as a function on their mobility (determined by their charge state and collision cross section, CCS), then as a function of their m/z ratio. Implemented with a variety of ionization techniques, such coupling permits the spectral complexity to be reduced, to enhance the dynamic range of detection, or to achieve separation of isobaric ions prior to their activation in MS/MS experiments. Coupling IMS to MS also provides valuable information regarding the 3D structure of polymer ions in the gas phase and regarding how to address the question of how charges are distributed within the structure. Moreover, the ability of IMS to separate multiply charged species generated by electrospray ionization yields typical IMS-MS 2D maps that permit the conformational dynamics of synthetic polymer chains to be described as a function of their length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Charles
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, 13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Christophe Chendo
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, 13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Salomé Poyer
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, 13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France
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Inutan ED, Meher AK, Karki S, Fischer JL, Imperial LF, Foley CD, Jarois DR, El-Baba TJ, Lutomski CA, Trimpin S. New mass spectrometry concepts for characterization of synthetic polymers and additives. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34 Suppl 2:e8768. [PMID: 32107802 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE New ionization processes have been developed for biological mass spectrometry (MS) in which the matrix lifts the nonvolatile analyte into the gas phase as ions without any additional energy input. We rationalized that additional fundamental knowledge is needed to assess analytical utility for the field of synthetic polymers and additives. METHODS Different mass spectrometers (Thermo Orbitrap (Q-)Exactive (Focus); Waters SYNAPT G2(S)) were employed. The formation of multiply charged polymer ions upon exposure of the matrix/analyte(/salt) sample to sub-atmospheric pressure directly from the solid state and surfaces facilitates the use of advanced mass spectrometers for detection of polymeric materials including consumer products (e.g., gum). RESULTS Astonishingly, using nothing more than a small molecule matrix compound (e.g., 2-methyl-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol or 3-nitrobenzonitrile) and a salt (e.g., mono- or divalent cation(s)), such samples upon exposure to sub-atmospheric pressure transfer nonvolatile polymers and nonvolatile salts into the gas phase as multiply charged ions. These successes contradict the conventional understanding of ionization in MS, because can nonvolatile polymers be lifted in the gas phase as ions not only by as little as a volatile matrix but also by the salt required for ionizing the analyte through noncovalent metal cation adduction(s). Prototype vacuum matrix-assisted ionization (vMAI) and automated sources using a contactless approach are demonstrated for direct analyses of synthetic polymers and plasticizers, minimizing the risk of contamination using direct sample introduction into the mass spectrometer vacuum. CONCLUSIONS Direct ionization methods from surfaces without the need of high voltage, a laser, or even applied heat are demonstrated for characterization of detailed materials using (ultra)high-resolution and accurate mass measurements enabled by the multiply charged ions extending the mass range of high-performance mass spectrometers and use of a split probe sample introduction device. Our vision is that, with further development of fundamentals and dedicated sources, both spatial- and temporal-resolution measurements are within reach if sensitivity is addressed for decreasing sample-size measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen D Inutan
- Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- MS™, LLC, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Anil K Meher
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- MS™, LLC, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Santosh Karki
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- MS™, LLC, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Joshua L Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Casey D Foley
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dean R Jarois
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tarick J El-Baba
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Sarah Trimpin
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- MS™, LLC, Newark, DE, USA
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Site-Specific characterization of peptide-polymer conjugates in various stoichiometries by MALDI-Tandem mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Jones EA, Simon D, Karancsi T, Balog J, Pringle SD, Takats Z. Matrix Assisted Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9784-9791. [PMID: 31194519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (REIMS) is a highly versatile technique allowing the sampling of a range of biological solid or liquid samples with no sample preparation. The cost of such a direct approach is that certain sample types provide only moderate amounts of chemical information. Here, we introduce a matrix assisted version of the technique (MA-REIMS), where an aerosol of a pure solvent, such as isopropanol, is mixed with the sample aerosol generated by rapid evaporation of the sample, and it is shown to enhance the signal intensity obtained from a REIMS sampling event by over 2 orders of magnitude. Such an increase greatly expands the scope of the technique, while providing additional benefits such as reducing the fouling of the REIMS source and allowing for a simple method of constant introduction of a calibration correction compound for accurate mass measurements. A range of experiments are presented in order to investigate the processes that occur within this modified approach, and applications where such enhancements are critical, such as intrasurgical tissue identification, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrys A Jones
- Waters Corporation , Altrincham Road , Wilmslow SK9 4AX , United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Simon
- Waters Research Center , Graphisoft Park, 7 Zahony Street , Budapest 1031 , Hungary
| | - Tamas Karancsi
- Waters Research Center , Graphisoft Park, 7 Zahony Street , Budapest 1031 , Hungary
| | - Julia Balog
- Waters Research Center , Graphisoft Park, 7 Zahony Street , Budapest 1031 , Hungary
| | - Steven D Pringle
- Waters Corporation , Altrincham Road , Wilmslow SK9 4AX , United Kingdom
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Imperial College London , South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
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Trimpin S. Novel ionization processes for use in mass spectrometry: 'Squeezing' nonvolatile analyte ions from crystals and droplets. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33 Suppl 3:96-120. [PMID: 30138957 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Together with my group and collaborators, I have been fortunate to have had a key role in the discovery of new ionization processes that we developed into new flexible, sensitive, rapid, reliable, and robust ionization technologies and methods for use in mass spectrometry (MS). Our current research is focused on how best to understand, improve, and use these novel ionization processes which convert volatile and nonvolatile compounds from solids or liquids into gas-phase ions for analysis by MS using e.g. mass-selected fragmentation and ion mobility spectrometry to provide reproducible, accurate, and improved mass and drift time resolution. In my view, the apex was the discovery of vacuum matrix-assisted ionization (vMAI) in 2012 on an intermediate pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) source without the use of a laser, high voltages, or any other added energy. Only exposure of the matrix:analyte to the sub-atmospheric pressure of the mass spectrometer was necessary to initiate ionization. These findings were initially rejected by three different scientific journals, with comments related to 'how can this work?', 'where do the charges come from?', and 'it is not analytically useful'. Meanwhile, we and others have demonstrated analytical utility without a complete understanding of the mechanism. In reality, MALDI and electrospray ionization are widely used in science and their mechanisms are still controversially discussed despite use and optimization of now 30 years. This Perspective covers the applications and mechanistic aspects of the novel ionization processes for use in MS that guided us in instrument developments, and provides our perspective on how they relate to traditional ionization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Trimpin
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- MSTM, LLC, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
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Trimpin S, Pophristic M, Adeniji-Adele A, Tomsho JW, McEwen CN. Vacuum Matrix-Assisted Ionization Source Offering Simplicity, Sensitivity, and Exceptional Robustness in Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11188-11192. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Trimpin
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- MSTM LLC, Newark, Delaware 19711, United States
| | | | - Adetoun Adeniji-Adele
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - John W. Tomsho
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Charles N. McEwen
- MSTM LLC, Newark, Delaware 19711, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Rae Buchberger A, DeLaney K, Johnson J, Li L. Mass Spectrometry Imaging: A Review of Emerging Advancements and Future Insights. Anal Chem 2018; 90:240-265. [PMID: 29155564 PMCID: PMC5959842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 561] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rae Buchberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kellen DeLaney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jillian Johnson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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12
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Haler JRN, Far J, Aqil A, Claereboudt J, Tomczyk N, Giles K, Jérôme C, De Pauw E. Multiple Gas-Phase Conformations of a Synthetic Linear Poly(acrylamide) Polymer Observed Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:2492-2499. [PMID: 28808984 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) has emerged as a powerful separation and identification tool to characterize synthetic polymer mixtures and topologies (linear, cyclic, star-shaped,…). Electrospray coupled to IM-MS already revealed the coexistence of several charge state-dependent conformations for a single charge state of biomolecules with strong intramolecular interactions, even when limited resolving power IM-MS instruments were used. For synthetic polymers, the sample's polydispersity allows the observation of several chain lengths. A unique collision cross-section (CCS) trend is usually observed when increasing the degree of polymerization (DP) at constant charge state, allowing the deciphering of different polymer topologies. In this paper, we report multiple coexisting CCS trends when increasing the DP at constant charge state for linear poly(acrylamide) PAAm in the gas phase. This is similar to observations on peptides and proteins. Biomolecules show in addition population changes when collisionally heating the ions. In the case of synthetic PAAm, fragmentation occurred before reaching the energy for conformation conversion. These observations, which were made on two different IM-MS instruments (SYNAPT G2 HDMS and high resolution multi-pass cyclic T-Wave prototype from Waters), limit the use of ion mobility for synthetic polymer topology interpretations to polymers where unique CCS values are observed for each DP at constant charge state. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean R N Haler
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, Quartier Agora, Allée du Six Aout 11, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Johann Far
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, Quartier Agora, Allée du Six Aout 11, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Abdelhafid Aqil
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Quartier Agora, Allée du Six Aout 13, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jan Claereboudt
- Waters Corporation, Connexion Business Park, Brusselsesteenweg 500, 1731, Zellik, Belgium
| | - Nick Tomczyk
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Ave., Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, UK
| | - Kevin Giles
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Ave., Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, UK
| | - Christine Jérôme
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Quartier Agora, Allée du Six Aout 13, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, Quartier Agora, Allée du Six Aout 11, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Peacock
- First State IR, LLC , 118 Susan Drive, Hockessin, Delaware 19707, United States
| | - Wen-Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Sarah Trimpin
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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