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Wang Y, Javeed A, Jian C, Zeng Q, Han B. Precautions for seafood consumers: An updated review of toxicity, bioaccumulation, and rapid detection methods of marine biotoxins. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 274:116201. [PMID: 38489901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Seafood products are globally consumed, and there is an increasing demand for the quality and safety of these products among consumers. Some seafoods are easily contaminated by marine biotoxins in natural environments or cultured farming processes. When humans ingest different toxins accumulated in seafood, they may exhibit different poisoning symptoms. According to the investigations, marine toxins produced by harmful algal blooms and various other marine organisms mainly accumulate in the body organs such as liver and digestive tract of seafood animals. Several regions around the world have reported incidents of seafood poisoning by biotoxins, posing a threat to human health. Thus, most countries have legislated to specify the permissible levels of these biotoxins in seafood. Therefore, it is necessary for seafood producers and suppliers to conduct necessary testing of toxins in seafood before and after harvesting to prohibit excessive toxins containing seafood from entering the market, which therefore can reduce the occurrence of seafood poisoning incidents. In recent years, some technologies which can quickly, conveniently, and sensitively detect biological toxins in seafood, have been developed and validated, these technologies have the potential to help seafood producers, suppliers and regulatory authorities. This article reviews the seafood toxins sources and types, mechanism of action and bioaccumulation of marine toxins, as well as legislation and rapid detection technologies for biotoxins in seafood for official and fishermen supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Antiallergic Functional Molecules, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Ansar Javeed
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Antiallergic Functional Molecules, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Cuiqin Jian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Antiallergic Functional Molecules, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Qiuyu Zeng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Antiallergic Functional Molecules, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Bingnan Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Antiallergic Functional Molecules, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
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2
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Liang L, Li C, Fang J, Li H, Wu S, Zhao J, Li J, He K, Dong F. An integrated screening method for paralytic shellfish toxins and their analogues based on fragmentation characteristics using an orbitrap-based ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2024; 434:137502. [PMID: 37741239 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) perform a huge threat to food safety and public safety. In this study, an integrated non-targeted screening strategy was developed for the screening of PSTs and their analogues exploiting the fragmentation characteristics from ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). First, an extensible in-house PSTs compound database was developed. Second, the fragmentation characteristics of typical PSTs were studied and summarized using UHPLC-HRMS. Then, an integrated non-targeted screening strategy was developed based on fragmentation characteristics for screening of PSTs and their analogues. Finally, the method was fully validated in fortified shellfish samples and successfully applied to analyze the samples of OPCW exercise on biotoxin analysis. This promising approach can also be applied in a wide variety of scenarios, such as food safety, biotoxin verification, and forensic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhui Liang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Chunzheng Li
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Junjian Fang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hui Li
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Shengming Wu
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Junqing Zhao
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Kun He
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Fangting Dong
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100039, China.
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3
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Du X, Wang Y, Zeng H, Zeng H, Chen Z, Li H. High-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry for xylene isomer separation assisted by helium-chemical modifiers. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:4649-4658. [PMID: 36377690 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01098d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We propose a combined helium-chemical modifier method for a faster and more convenient separation and detection of xylene isomers. The method employs high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) to investigate the separation and identification of three xylene isomers. A homemade hollow needle-ring ion source was used, and five chemical modifiers, represented by methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and acetic acid, were doped into the xylene target analytes to observe the separation and identification of the three isomers. This was based on the fact that the addition of helium and the increase of the RF voltage could no longer improve the resolution of the field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry system. The experimental results at an RF field voltage of 15 kV cm-1 showed that the spectral peak shifts of o-, m-, and p-xylene in a normal nitrogen environment were -0.21, -0.21, and -0.24 V, respectively. o-Xylene showed a spectral peak of -1.33 V after the addition of helium; however, the separation was not evident. The FAIMS spectrum of xylene showed multiple cluster ion peaks upon addition of the chemical modifiers on top of helium. The alcohol chemical modifiers caused three spectral peaks, with the best effect for methanol, and the characteristic ion peak positions of -7.16, -6.90, and -6.01 V for o-, m-, and p-xylene, respectively. The separation using proton-based chemical modifiers was confirmed to be stronger than that using non-proton-based chemical modifiers, and appropriate volume fractions of chemical modifiers provided a better separation of the target analytes. This study introduces a novel concept and method for the separation and identification of xylene isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Du
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, GuiLin University of Electronic Technology, GuiLin 541004, China.
| | - Yifei Wang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, GuiLin University of Electronic Technology, GuiLin 541004, China.
| | - Hongda Zeng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, GuiLin University of Electronic Technology, GuiLin 541004, China.
| | - Hao Zeng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, GuiLin University of Electronic Technology, GuiLin 541004, China.
| | - Zhencheng Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, GuiLin University of Electronic Technology, GuiLin 541004, China.
| | - Hua Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, GuiLin University of Electronic Technology, GuiLin 541004, China.
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Panda D, Dash BP, Manickam S, Boczkaj G. Recent advancements in LC-MS based analysis of biotoxins: Present and future challenges. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:766-803. [PMID: 33624883 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There has been a rising concern regarding the harmful impact of biotoxins, source of origin, and the determination of the specific type of toxin. With numerous reports on their extensive spread, biotoxins pose a critical challenge to figure out their parent groups, metabolites, and concentration. In that aspect, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based analysis paves the way for its accurate identification and quantification. The biotoxins are ideally categorized as phytotoxins, mycotoxins, shellfish-toxins, ciguatoxins, cyanotoxins, and bacterial toxins such as tetrodotoxins. Considering the diverse nature of biotoxins, both low-resolution mass spectrometry (LRMS) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) methods have been implemented for their detection. The sample preparation strategy for complex matrix usually includes "QuEChERS" extraction or solid-phase extraction coupled with homogenization and centrifugation. For targeted analysis of biotoxins, the LRMS consisting of a tandem mass spectrometer operating in multiple reaction monitoring mode has been widely implemented. With the help of the reference standard, most of the toxins were accurately quantified. At the same time, the suspect screening and nontarget screening approach are facilitated by the HRMS platforms during the absence of reference standards. Significant progress has also been made in sampling device employment, utilizing novel sample preparation strategies, synthesizing toxin standards, employing hybrid MS platforms, and the associated data interpretation. This critical review attempts to elucidate the progress in LC-MS based analysis in the determination of biotoxins while pointing out major challenges and suggestions for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Panda
- Center of Excellence (CoE), Fakir Mohan University, Nuapadhi, Odisha, India
| | - Bisnu P Dash
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Nuapadhi, Odisha, India
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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Ieritano C, Le Blanc JCY, Schneider BB, Bissonnette JR, Haack A, Hopkins WS. Protonation-Induced Chirality Drives Separation by Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202116794. [PMID: 34963024 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Upon development of a workflow to analyze (±)-Verapamil and its metabolites using differential mobility spectrometry (DMS), we noticed that the ionogram of protonated Verapamil consisted of two peaks. This was inconsistent with its metabolites, as each exhibited only a single peak in the respective ionograms. The unique behaviour of Verapamil was attributed to protonation at its tertiary amino moiety, which generated a stereogenic quaternary amine. The introduction of additional chirality upon N-protonation of Verapamil renders four possible stereochemical configurations for the protonated ion: ( R,R ), ( S,S ), ( R,S ), or ( S,R ). The ( R,R )/( S,S ) and ( R,S )/( S,R ) enantiomeric pairs are diastereomeric and thus exhibit unique conformations that are resolvable by linear and differential ion mobility techniques. Protonation-induced chirality appears to be a general phenomenon, as N -protonation of 12 additional chiral amines generated diastereomers that were readily resolved by DMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ieritano
- University of Waterloo Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 200 University Avenue West, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, CANADA
| | | | | | | | - Alexander Haack
- University of Waterloo Faculty of Science, Chemistry, CANADA
| | - W Scott Hopkins
- University of Waterloo, Chemistry, 200 University Ave. W, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, CANADA
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6
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Ieritano C, Le Blanc JCY, Schneider BB, Bissonnette JR, Haack A, Hopkins WS. Protonation‐Induced Chirality Drives Separation by Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ieritano
- University of Waterloo Faculty of Science Chemistry 200 University Avenue West N2L 3G1 Waterloo CANADA
| | | | | | | | | | - W. Scott Hopkins
- University of Waterloo Chemistry 200 University Ave. W N2L 3G1 Waterloo CANADA
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The use of UHPLC, IMS, and HRMS in multiresidue analytical methods: A critical review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1158:122369. [PMID: 33091675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Residue chemists who analyse pesticides in vegetables or veterinary drugs in animal-based food are currently facing a situation where there is a requirement to detect more and more compounds at lower and lower concentrations. Conventional tandem quadrupole instruments provide sufficient sensitivity, but speed and selectivity appear as future limitations. This will become an even larger issue when there is a need to not only detect active compounds but also their degradation products and metabolites. This will likely lead to a situation in which the conventional targeted approach must be expanded or augmented by a certain non-targeted strategy. High-resolution mass spectrometry provides such capabilities, but it frequently requires an additional degree of selectivity for the unequivocal confirmation of analytes present at trace levels in highly complex and variable food matrices. The hyphenation of ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with ion mobility and high-resolution mass spectrometry provides analytical chemists with a new tool for performing such a demanding multiresidue analysis. The objective of this paper is to investigate the benefits of the added ion mobility dimension as well as to critically discuss the current limitations of this commercially available technology.
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Berthias F, Wang Y, Alhajji E, Rieul B, Moussa F, Benoist JF, Maître P. Identification and quantification of amino acids and related compounds based on Differential Mobility Spectrometry. Analyst 2020; 145:4889-4900. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an00377h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A new metabolite descriptor allowing fast quantification for the diagnosis of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Berthias
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Physique
- Orsay
- France
| | - Yali Wang
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Physique
- Orsay
- France
| | - Eskander Alhajji
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Physique
- Orsay
- France
| | - Bernard Rieul
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Physique
- Orsay
- France
| | - Fathi Moussa
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Physique
- Orsay
- France
| | - Jean-François Benoist
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Lipides
- Systèmes Analytiques et Biologiques
- Châtenay-Malabry
- France
| | - Philippe Maître
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Physique
- Orsay
- France
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9
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Oranzi NR, Lei J, Kemperman RHJ, Chouinard CD, Holmquist B, Garrett TJ, Yost RA. Rapid Quantitation of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 in Human Serum Using Liquid Chromatography/Drift Tube Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13555-13561. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Oranzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jiajun Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Robin H. J. Kemperman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Christopher D. Chouinard
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
| | | | - Timothy J. Garrett
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Richard A. Yost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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10
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Fundamentals and applications of incorporating chromatographic separations with ion mobility-mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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11
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Seale B, Schneider BB, Le Blanc JCY. Enhancing signal and mitigating up-front peptide fragmentation using controlled clustering by gas-phase modifiers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6365-6376. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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12
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Wei MS, Kemperman RHJ, Yost RA. Effects of Solvent Vapor Modifiers for the Separation of Opioid Isomers in Micromachined FAIMS-MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:731-742. [PMID: 30877655 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02175-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Opioid addiction is an escalating problem that is compounded by the introduction of synthetic opiate analogues such as fentanyl. Screening methods for these compound classes are challenged by the availability of synthetically manufactured analogues, including isomers of existing substances. High-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) utilizes an alternating asymmetric electric field to separate ions by their different mobilities at high and low fields as they travel through the separation space. When coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), FAIMS enhances the separation of analytes from other interfering compounds with little to no increase in analysis time. Addition of solvent vapor into the FAIMS carrier gas has been demonstrated to enable and improve the separation of isomers. Here we investigate the effects of several solvents for the separation of four opioids. FAIMS-MS spectra with added solvent vapors show dramatic compensation field (CF) shifts for opioid [M+H]+ ions when compared to spectra acquired using dry nitrogen. Addition of vapor from aprotic solvents, such as acetonitrile and acetone, produces significantly improved resolution between the tested opioids, with baseline resolution achieved between certain opioid isomers. For protic solvents, notable CF shift differences were observed in FAIMS separations between addition of water vapor and vapors from small alcohols. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Robin H J Kemperman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Richard A Yost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Oranzi NR, Polfer NC, Lei J, Yost RA. Influence of Experimental Conditions on the Ratio of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Conformers for Validating a Liquid Chromatography/Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Method for Routine Quantitation. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13549-13556. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Oranzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Nicolas C. Polfer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jiajun Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Richard A. Yost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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14
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Wernisch S, Afshinnia F, Rajendiran T, Pennathur S. Probing the application range and selectivity of a differential mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry platform for metabolomics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018. [PMID: 29532192 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics applications of differential mobility spectrometry (DMS)-mass spectrometry (MS) have largely concentrated on targeted assays and the removal of isobaric or chemical interferences from the signals of a small number of analytes. In the work reported here, we systematically investigated the application range of a DMS-MS method for metabolomics using more than 800 authentic metabolite standards as the test set. The coverage achieved with the DMS-MS platform was comparable to that achieved with chromatographic methods. High orthogonality was observed between hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and the 2-propanol-mediated DMS separation, and previously observed similarities were confirmed for the DMS platform and reversed-phase liquid chromatography. We describe the chemical selectivity observed for selected subsets of the metabolite test set, such as lipids, amino acids, nucleotides, and organic acids. Furthermore, we rationalize the behavior and separation of isomeric aromatic acids, bile acids, and other metabolites. Graphical abstract Differential mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (DMS-MS) facilitates rapid separation of metabolites of similar mass-to-charge ratio by distributing them across the compensation voltage range on the basis of their different molecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Wernisch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, 5309 Brehm Center, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Farsad Afshinnia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, 5309 Brehm Center, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Thekkelnaycke Rajendiran
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan, 6300 Brehm Tower, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, 5309 Brehm Center, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA. .,Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan, 6300 Brehm Tower, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 1137 E. Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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15
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Beach DG, Kerrin ES, Giddings SD, Quilliam MA, McCarron P. Differential Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Double Spike Isotope Dilution Study of Release of β-Methylaminoalanine and Proteinogenic Amino Acids during Biological Sample Hydrolysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:117. [PMID: 29311581 PMCID: PMC5758758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18392-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-protein amino acid β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) has been linked to neurodegenerative disease and reported throughout the environment. Proposed mechanisms of bioaccumulation, trophic transfer and chronic toxicity of BMAA rely on the hypothesis of protein misincorporation. Poorly selective methods for BMAA analysis have led to controversy. Here, a recently reported highly selective method for BMAA quantitation using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-differential mobility spectrometry-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-DMS-MS/MS) is expanded to include proteinogenic amino acids from hydrolyzed biological samples. For BMAA quantitation, we present a double spiking isotope dilution approach using D3-BMAA and 13C15N2-BMAA. These methods were applied to study release of BMAA during acid hydrolysis under a variety of conditions, revealing that the majority of BMAA can be extracted along with only a small proportion of protein. A time course hydrolysis of BMAA from mussel tissue was carried out to assess the recovery of BMAA during sample preparation. The majority of BMAA measured by typical methods was released before a significant proportion of protein was hydrolyzed. Little change was observed in protein hydrolysis beyond typical hydrolysis times but the concentration of BMAA increased linearly. These findings demonstrate protein misincorporation is not the predominant form of BMAA in cycad and shellfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Beach
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford St., Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada.
| | - Elliott S Kerrin
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford St., Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Sabrina D Giddings
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford St., Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Michael A Quilliam
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford St., Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Pearse McCarron
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford St., Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada
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16
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17
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Thomas KM, Beach DG, Reeves KL, Gibbs RS, Kerrin ES, McCarron P, Quilliam MA. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for quantitation of paralytic shellfish toxins: validation and application to reference materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:5675-5687. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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