Which energetically favorable sustainable synthesis of 4-amino-8-azacoumarin ester or 4-hydroxy-3-cyano derivative based on new exact kinetic Arrhenius and DFT stimulation

Antiproliferative Activity and Molecular Docking of Some Pyrazole-Based Quinazolinone, Benzimidazole, and Tetrazinethione Derivatives

Researchers are actively looking for novel anticancer medications because cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. A fascinating area of study in medicinal chemistry is the screening of antioxidants for novel anticancer medicines, as antioxidants have lately been used as therapeutic candidates to combat a variety of ailments in aerobic species. Additionally, pyrazole-based heterocycle synthesis is a productive approach to the drug development process. To ascertain the molecular geometry and frontier orbital analysis, a DFT simulation of the produced compounds was conducted. Compound 7 showed the lowest energy gap and hardness, while compound 7 had the maximum softness. Therefore, a few quinazoline, benzimidazole, and tetrazinethione derivatives based on pyrazoles that were synthesized in our earlier work and exhibited antioxidant qualities were tested for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against the MCF7 and HCT116 cancer cell lines. The two cancer cell lines were most effectively inhibited by derivatives of sulfonamide and tetrazinethione. The molecular docking simulation toward CDK2 protein specified the best docking score of tetrazinethione 7 followed by sulfonamide derivative 4, compared to doxorubicin and roscovitine (kinase inhibitor). Most of the amino acids interacting with these compounds were involved in that interaction with the co-crystallized ligand. Their favorable oral bioavailability and drug-likeness characteristics were demonstrated by a modeling pharmacokinetics investigation. This research could help create novel antiproliferative drugs that are both efficient and selective.

Design, microwave assisted synthesis, and molecular modeling study of some new 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives as potent anticancer agents and potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors

A green and efficient method was developed for the synthesis of 1,3,4-thiadiazole based compounds under microwave (MW) activation. The nucleophile N-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxamide (3) was synthesized and reacted with different carbon electrophilic reagents to afford thiadiazolo-pyrimidine or imidazolo-thiadiazoline derivatives (4-6 and 8), respectively. Furthermore, a one-pot reaction of 3 with p-chlorobenzaldehyde and different carbon electrophile/ or nucleophiles under microwave irradiation yields the cyclic thiadiazolo-pyrimidine derivatives 10-15. Additionally, nucleophilic substitution of aromatic amines and/or potassium salts of some heterocyclic compounds with chloroacetamido-thiadiazole 6 yields derivatives 16-20. All the new derivatives were synthesized by both conventional and MW irradiation methods. All the new 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives were evaluated against four cancer cell lines, HepG-2, MCF-7, HCT-116, and PC-3. The anti-proliferative activity of most of the synthesized compounds exhibited excellent broad-spectrum cytotoxic activity against the cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 3.97 to 9.62 μM. Moreover, the enzymatic assessment of five derivatives (2,4b, 6, 8, 9a) against VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase showed significant inhibitory activities with IC₅₀ of 11.5, 8.2, 10.3, 10.5 and 9.4 nM respectively. Further studies revealed the ability of compound 9a to have a strong DNA-binding affinity of 36.06 μM via DNA/methyl green assay. Moreover, molecular docking study was carried out to reveal the binding interactions of compounds in the binding site of VEGFR-2 enzyme explaining the significant inhibitory activity of these derivatives. Finally, ADME/Tox studies was performed to predict the pharmacokinetics of the synthesized compounds.

Straightforward synthesis, antiproliferative screening, and density functional theory study of some pyrazolylpyrimidine derivatives

Tetrahydropyrimidinone derivative was synthesized through one‐pot three components condensation of 1,3‐diphenylpyrazole‐4‐carbaldehyde with pentan‐2,4‐dione and urea under Biginelli reaction conditions. The corresponding chloro‐ and hydrazino derivatives were synthesized and utilized for the construction of some valuable N‐heterocycles encompassing both pyrazole and pyrimidine cores, such as triazolopyrimidine, tetrazolopyrimidine, pyrazole, and pyrazolone derivatives through condensation with nitrogen nucleophiles and carbon electrophiles. The antiproliferative activity evaluation of the synthesized compounds against four human carcinoma cell lines namely, liver carcinoma (HepG2), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7), prostate cancer (PC3), and colon cancer (HCT‐116) cell lines revealed that some of them provided significant potency, as well as the density‐functional theory (DFT) was studied. The permeability of various hydrophilic and hydrophobic synthesized compounds across both normal and cancer cells is confirmed via DFT simulation in which the much higher permeability through aquaporin channels revealed the selective cytotoxicity toward cancer cells.