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Li H, Zeng Y, Gan L, Tuersun Y, Yang J, Liu J, Chen J. Urban-rural disparities in the healthy ageing trajectory in China: a population-based study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1406. [PMID: 35870914 PMCID: PMC9308310 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to measure the trajectory of healthy ageing among Chinese middle-aged and older population, and explore the disparity of the trajectory, as well as contributing factors, between urban and rural areas in China.
Methods
A total of 9402 respondents aged 45 years and older interviewed in four waves (2011, 2013, 2015 and 2018) were selected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Healthy ageing score was calculated through item response theory. A latent growth mixture model (LGMM) was applied to distinguish the trajectory of healthy aging. A multinomial logistics regression model (MLRM) was used to explore the relationship between urban-rural areas and healthy aging trajectories, and further to explore associated factors in rural and urban areas separately.
Results
The healthy ageing score was lower in rural areas than urban areas in each survey wave. Five classes (“continuing-low”, “continuing-middle”, “continuing-middle-to-high”, “significantly-declining”, “continuing-high”) were grouped through LGMM. The MLRM results showed that urban living was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of being healthy (for [continuing-low/continuing-high]: β = − 1.17, RRR = 0.31, P < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.18–0.53; and for [continuing-middle/continuing-high]: β = − 0.53, RRR = 0.59, P < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.49–0.71).
Conclusion
Healthy ageing is a prominent objective in the development of a country, and rural-urban disparities are an essential obstacle to overcome, with the rural population more likely to develop a low level of healthy ageing trajectory. Prevention and standardized management of chronic diseases should be enhanced, and social participation should be encouraged to promote healthy ageing. The policy inclination and resource investment should be enhanced to reduce disparity in healthy ageing between urban and rural areas in China.
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Comparing distribution of harbour porpoise using generalized additive models and hierarchical Bayesian models with integrated nested laplace approximation. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zero-Inflated Patent Data Analysis Using Generating Synthetic Samples. FUTURE INTERNET 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fi14070211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the expansion of the internet, we encounter various types of big data such as web documents or sensing data. Compared to traditional small data such as experimental samples, big data provide more chances to find hidden and novel patterns with big data analysis using statistics and machine learning algorithms. However, as the use of big data increases, problems also occur. One of them is a zero-inflated problem in structured data preprocessed from big data. Most count values are zeros because a specific word is found in only some documents. In particular, since most of the patent data are in the form of a text document, they are more affected by the zero-inflated problem. To solve this problem, we propose a generation of synthetic samples using statistical inference and tree structure. Using patent document and simulation data, we verify the performance and validity of our proposed method. In this paper, we focus on patent keyword analysis as text big data analysis, and we encounter the zero-inflated problem just like other text data.
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Sun J, Kong X, Li H, Chen J, Yao Q, Li H, Zhou F, Hu H. Does social participation decrease the risk of frailty? Impacts of diversity in frequency and types of social participation on frailty in middle-aged and older populations. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:553. [PMID: 35778684 PMCID: PMC9250233 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social participation (SP) may be an effective measure for decreasing frailty risks. This study investigated whether frequency and type of SP is associated with decreased frailty risk among Chinese middle-aged and older populations. METHODS Data were derived from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Frailty was assessed using the Rockwood's Cumulative Deficit Frailty Index. SP was measured according to frequency (none, occasional, weekly and daily) and type (interacting with friends [IWF]; playing mah-jong, chess, and cards or visiting community clubs [MCCC], going to community-organized dancing, fitness, qigong and so on [DFQ]; participating in community-related organizations [CRO]; voluntary or charitable work [VOC]; using the Internet [INT]). Smooth curves were used to describe the trend for frailty scores across survey waves. The fixed-effect model (N = 9,422) was applied to explore the association between the frequency/type of SP and frailty level. For baseline non-frail respondents (N = 6,073), the time-varying Cox regression model was used to calculate relative risk of frailty in different SP groups. RESULTS Weekly (β = - 0.006; 95%CI: [- 0.009, - 0.003]) and daily (β = - 0.009; 95% CI: [- 0.012, - 0.007]) SP is associated with lower frailty scores using the fixed-effect models. Time-varying Cox regressions present lower risks of frailty in daily SP group (HR = 0.76; 95% CI: [0.69, 0.84]). SP types that can significantly decrease frailty risk include IWF, MCCC and DFQ. Daily IWF and daily DFQ decreases frailty risk in those aged < 65 years, female and urban respondents, but not in those aged ≥ 65 years, male and rural respondents. The impact of daily MCCC is significant in all subgroups, whereas that of lower-frequent MCCC is not significant in those aged ≥ 65 years, male and rural respondents. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that enhancing participation in social activities could decrease frailty risk among middle-aged and older populations, especially communicative activities, intellectually demanding/engaging activities and community-organized physical activities. The results suggested very accurate, operable, and valuable intervening measures for promoting healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Sun
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuying Kong
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haomiao Li
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jiangyun Chen
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Yao
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanxuan Li
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Hu
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
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5
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Bottlenose Dolphin Responses to Boat Traffic Affected by Boat Characteristics and Degree of Compliance to Code of Conduct. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Levels of boat traffic in coastal seas have been steadily increasing in many parts of the world, introducing pressures on marine wildlife through disturbance. The appropriate management of human activities is important not only to preserve wildlife, but also for the local communities that depend on ecotourism for employment and their economy. This study presents further insight into bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) responses to boats in New Quay Bay (West Wales) within the Cardigan Bay Special Area of Conservation. This region is heavily dependent on wildlife tourism, and marine traffic is regulated through a long-standing Code of Conduct. Based on a long-term dataset spanning the months of April to October and the years 2010–2018, the study found that compliance to a code of human behaviour increased dolphin positive responses towards boats. Dolphin responses to individual named boats and to different boat types were examined in greater detail. Speed boats, small motorboats, and kayaks were found to break the code most often, resulting in higher rates of negative response by dolphins. Visitor passenger boats formed the majority of boat traffic in the area, and showed greater compliance than other general recreational crafts. Suggestions are made for the better protection of the coastal dolphin population, as well as the role that citizen science can play to help achieve this goal through working directly with wildlife trip boats and the recruitment of local observers.
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Engel E, Lau D, Godoy WAC, Pasini MPB, Malaquias JB, Santos CDR, Pivato J, Pereira PRVDS. Oscillation, synchrony, and multi-factor patterns between cereal aphids and parasitoid populations in southern Brazil. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:143-150. [PMID: 34486961 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In different parts of the world, aphid populations and their natural enemies are influenced by landscapes and climate. In the Neotropical region, few long-term studies have been conducted, maintaining a gap for comprehension of the effect of meteorological variables on aphid population patterns and their parasitoids in field conditions. This study describes the general patterns of oscillation in cereal winged aphids and their parasitoids, selecting meteorological variables and evaluating their effects on these insects. Aphids exhibit two annual peaks, one in summer-fall transition and the other in winter-spring transition. For parasitoids, the highest annual peak takes place during winter and a second peak occurs in winter-spring transition. Temperature was the principal meteorological regulator of population fluctuation in winged aphids and parasitoids during the year. The favorable temperature range is not the same for aphids and parasitoids. For aphids, temperature increase resulted in population growth, with maximum positive effect at 25°C. Temperature also positively influenced parasitoid populations, but the growth was asymptotic around 20°C. Although rainfall showed no regulatory function on aphid seasonality, it influenced the final number of insects over the year. The response of aphids and parasitoids to temperature has implications for trophic compatibility and regulation of their populations. Such functions should be taken into account in predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Engel
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Entomology, University of São Paulo, ESALQ, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas Lau
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Trigo), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Wesley A C Godoy
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Entomology, University of São Paulo, ESALQ, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio P B Pasini
- Laboratory of Entomology, University of Cruz Alta-Unicruz, Cruz Alta, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José B Malaquias
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences - IBB, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos D R Santos
- Faculty of Agronomy, Postgraduate Program in Plant Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Juliana Pivato
- Faculty of Agronomy, Postgraduate Program in Plant Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Paulo R V da S Pereira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Florestas), Colombo, Paraná, Brazil
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Seidel EJ, Pazini JB, Tomazella VLD, Vieira AMC, Silva FF, Martins JFS, Barrigossi JAF. Predicting Rice Stem Stink Bug Population Dynamics Based on GAMLSS Models. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:1145-1154. [PMID: 32949128 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The rice stem stink bug, Tibraca limbativentris Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is one of the most harmful insects for Brazilian rice fields. Aiming to define the most appropriate time and place for pest management measures in commercial paddy fields, we adjusted regression models (Poisson, Zero Inflated Poisson, reparametrized Zero Inflated Poisson, Negative Binomial and Zero Inflated Negative Binomial) for modeling the population variation of T. limbativentris along the phenological cycle of the flooded rice cultivation. We hypothesize that the rice stem stink bug population's size is influenced by the rice cycle (time) and geographical positions within the crop. It was possible to predict the occurrence of the rice stem stink bug in the commercial flooded rice crop. The population of the rice stem stink bug increased significantly with the time or phenological evolution of rice. Our results indicated that the start of T. limbativentris monitoring should occur up to 45 d After Plant Emergence (DAE), from the regions along the edges of the rice paddies, which are the points of entry and higher concentration of the insect. In addition, 45 and 60 DAE were considered the crucial times for T. limbativentris control decision making in flooded rice paddies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Seidel
- Department of Statistic, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - J B Pazini
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - V L D Tomazella
- Department of Statistic, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - A M C Vieira
- Department of Statistic, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - F F Silva
- Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - J F S Martins
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Temperate Agriculture, Monte Bonito, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - J A F Barrigossi
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Rice & Bean, Fazenda Capivara, Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, Brazil
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Gu X, Yan X, Ma L, Liu X. Modeling the service-route-based crash frequency by a spatiotemporal-random-effect zero-inflated negative binomial model: An empirical analysis for bus-involved crashes. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2020; 144:105674. [PMID: 32659491 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies related to bus crash frequencies modeling are limited and the statistical models are usually developed at the road segment or zonal level. This study focuses on modeling crash frequencies specifically at the bus-service-route level, which is useful and important to policymakers and bus operation companies toward the improvement of the safety level of bus networks, especially for developing countries where buses are still a major mode of urban travels. Using the observed data adopted from one of the bus operating companies in Beijing, China, we proposed a spatiotemporal-random-effect zero-inflated negative binomial (spatiotemporal ZINB) model to investigate bus crash occurrence and identity key influential factors at the bus-service-route level. The model was motivated to accommodate the special statistical characteristics of the excessive zeros and, more importantly, the potential spatiotemporal correlations of the data. Three degenerated versions of this model were also developed for comparison purposes. Results indicate that the proposed spatiotemporal ZINB model is statistically superior to the others according to a comprehensive judgment based on the EAIC, EBIC, and RMSE criteria. The estimated coefficients reveal the impacts of related factors on the likelihood of bus-involved crashes from bus operation factors including total passengers, number of drivers, and proportion of male drivers as well as planning factors including route length and stop density. On the other hand, the standard deviations of the introduced structured and unstructured spatiotemporal random-effects are statistically significant indicating that the observations are correlated within each route, between neighbor routes and across years. Corresponding policy and practical implications are provided for bus operating companies and planning departments toward the improvement of bus safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujia Gu
- MOT Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Big Data Application Technologies for Comprehensive Transport, School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Xuedong Yan
- MOT Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Big Data Application Technologies for Comprehensive Transport, School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Lu Ma
- MOT Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Big Data Application Technologies for Comprehensive Transport, School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- MOT Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Big Data Application Technologies for Comprehensive Transport, School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
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