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Pandi Chelvam S, Ng AJY, Huang J, Lee E, Baranski M, Yong D, Williams RBH, Springs SL, Ram RJ. Machine learning aided UV absorbance spectroscopy for microbial contamination in cell therapy products. Sci Rep 2025; 15:7631. [PMID: 40038316 PMCID: PMC11880552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-83114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 12/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2025] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the feasibility of machine-learning aided UV absorbance spectroscopy for in-process microbial contamination detection during cell therapy product (CTP) manufacturing. This method leverages a one-class support vector machine to analyse the absorbance spectra of cell cultures and predict if a sample is sterile or contaminated. This label-free technique provides a rapid output (< 30 minutes) with minimal sample preparation and volume (< 1 mL). Spiking of 7 microbial organisms into mesenchymal stromal cells supernatant aliquots from 6 commercial donors showed that contamination events could be detected at low inoculums of 10 CFUs with mean true positive and negative rates of 92.7% and 77.7% respectively. The true negative rate further improved to 92% after excluding samples from a single donor with anomalously high nicotinic acid. In cells spiked with 10 CFUs of E. coli, contamination was detected at the 21-hour timepoint, demonstrating comparable sensitivity to compendial USP < 71 > test (~ 24 hours). We hypothesize that spectral differences between nicotinic acid and nicotinamide in the UV region are the underlying mechanisms for contamination detection. This approach can be deployed as a preliminary test during different CTP manufacturing stages, for real-time, continuous culture monitoring enabling early detection of microbial contamination, assuring safety of CTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Pandi Chelvam
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized Medicine (CAMP), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alice Jie Ying Ng
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized Medicine (CAMP), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized Medicine (CAMP), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elizabeth Lee
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized Medicine (CAMP), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maciej Baranski
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized Medicine (CAMP), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Derrick Yong
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized Medicine (CAMP), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rohan B H Williams
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized Medicine (CAMP), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stacy L Springs
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized Medicine (CAMP), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rajeev J Ram
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized Medicine (CAMP), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Shukla M, Francis FM, Lal J. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of a potent H 3 receptor antagonist conessine in serum and its application to pharmacokinetic studies. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2018; 24:289-298. [PMID: 29554815 DOI: 10.1177/1469066718756226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Conessine, a steroidal alkaloid obtained from the bark and seeds of the plant species of Apocynaceae family, elicits a histamine antagonistic action, selectively for the H3 histaminergic receptors. This alkaloid is used mainly for the treatment of dysentery and helminthic disorders. For the quantification of conessine in serum, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zorbax SB-CN column (100 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm), and a mobile phase consisting of 90% methanol in aqueous ammonium acetate buffer (pH 3.5) with 0.1% (v/v) formic acid at an isocratic flow rate of 0.6 ml/min at 40℃ provides efficiency in separation. A volume of 40 µl was injected each time and the run time for each sample was 5 min. Phenacetin (internal standard) was added to 50 µl of serum sample prior to liquid-liquid extraction using 3% isopropanol in n-hexane. The detection was performed on a 5500 QTRAP mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring mode via electrospray ionization source. The multiple reaction monitoring of conessine and IS was m/ z 357.4 to m/ z 312.1 and m/ z 180.1 to m/ z 138.1, respectively. The method that showed selectivity and linearity in the range of 1-200 ng/ml was validated in terms of sensitivity, accuracy, precision and stability. The detection and quantitation limits were recognized at 0.1 and 1 ng/ml, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy fulfils the acceptance criteria. Applying the method to the pharmacokinetic studies in rats, conessine showed a peak serum concentration at 2 h post oral dose with a good bioavailability of 71.28 ± 4.65%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Shukla
- 1 Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- 2 Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Femi M Francis
- 1 Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- 3 Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, India
| | - Jawahar Lal
- 1 Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- 2 Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
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Song SH, Ki SH, Park DH, Moon HS, Lee CD, Yoon IS, Cho SS. Quantitative Analysis, Extraction Optimization, and Biological Evaluation of Cudrania tricuspidata Leaf and Fruit Extracts. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091489. [PMID: 28880226 PMCID: PMC6151595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau (Moraceae) shows numerous pharmacological effects and has been used in traditional herbal remedies for inflammation, gastritis, tumors, and liver diseases. However, no validated analytical method for the standardization and optimization of the biological properties of C. tricuspidata preparations has been reported. We developed and validated a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the separation and quantification of active markers. Ethanolic extracts of C. tricuspidata leaves were prepared and evaluated for chemical profiles and biological activities. The 80% ethanolic extract demonstrated the greatest antioxidant activity and phenolic content, while the 100% ethanolic extract had the greatest total flavonoid content and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity. The validated HPLC method confirmed that chlorogenic acid, rutin, and kaempferol were present in C. tricuspidata leaf extracts. We postulated that the antioxidant and anti-hyperuricemic/gout effects of C. tricuspidata extract could be attributed to these marker compounds. Our results suggested that the flavonoid-rich fraction of the leaf extract may be utilized for the treatment and prevention of hyperuricemia-related diseases, and the validated method and marker compounds could be applied for the quality control of C. tricuspidata preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hui Song
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Korea.
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Dae-Hun Park
- Department of Nursing, Dongshin University, Naju-si, Jeonnam 58245, Korea.
| | - Hong-Seop Moon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Korea.
| | - Chang-Dai Lee
- Department of Business Administration, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Korea.
| | - In-Soo Yoon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Korea.
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