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Aldahamsheh O, Halayqeh S, Alfayyadh M, Smadi Z, Abu Halimeh S, AlMadani M, Shatnawi W, Ellouzy S, Abufaraj M. Exploring Factors Influencing Medical Trainees' Specialty Choice: Insights from a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey in Jordan. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38850219 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2024.2364265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Phenomenon: Choosing a medical specialty is a critical decision that significantly impacts medical students' future career. Understanding the factors influencing this decision-making process is important for medical educators, policymakers, and healthcare providers to develop effective strategies that support and guide students in making informed decisions. Approach: We distributed an online self-administered questionnaire to clinical-year medical students (Years 4 to 6) and interns from all medical faculties in Jordan. The questionnaire gathered demographic information, specialty preferences, and factors influencing specialty decision-making. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Findings: 1805 participants completed the questionnaire (51.7% women). General surgery was the most preferred specialty among both genders, followed by internal medicine. Women significantly preferred family medicine, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, and dermatology, whereas men significantly preferred urology, orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, general surgery, and internal medicine. The factors that most strongly influenced respondents' specialty preferences were the specialty's perceived stress levels and working hours, whereas the least influential factors were the specialty's perceived prestige and role models in the specialty. Women's specialty preferences were significantly more influenced by their family than men's. Men were substantially more influenced by specialties' perceived action-orientation and stress levels than women. Insights: Gender significantly influences medical trainees' specialty preferences in Jordan. Women tended to prefer specialties that provided greater work-life balance, such as family medicine, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, and dermatology, while men were more drawn toward competitive and profitable surgical specialties like orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, urology, and general surgery. Additionally, family had a stronger influence on women's decisions, likely due to cultural and social expectations prioritizing marriage and family for women. Career counseling and mentorship programs are needed to provide guidance, support, and networking opportunities that can help women overcome barriers and biases that may hinder their career advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Aldahamsheh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
- Orthopedic Spine Program, Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - May Alfayyadh
- School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Zina Smadi
- School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Mary AlMadani
- School of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | | | - Sarah Ellouzy
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Abufaraj
- Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Muyselaar-Jellema JZ, Querido SJ. Twelve tips for having more meaningful conversations with medical students on specialty career choice. MEDICAL TEACHER 2024; 46:617-620. [PMID: 37967563 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2023.2280114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Making a career choice is a multifaceted process and support for medical students on career choice is pivotal. Not all medical schools have programs or guidelines to support having meaningful conversations with medical students. However, medical students have questions and are seeking answers. This article presents twelve tips for having meaningful conversations with medical students for educators, mentors and internship tutors. The twelve tips have been grouped into three categories: the conversation, the reflection and the actions students can take in the process of their specialty career choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Z Muyselaar-Jellema
- Public Health Educator and Coordinator of the Public Health Clerkship, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie J Querido
- Director of the Central Board for Specialty Training in Elderly Care Medicine in the Netherlands (SOON), Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Shi Z, Wu H. The trajectory and transition pattern of intention to practice medicine among medical students in China. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27704. [PMID: 38486735 PMCID: PMC10938122 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
There has been a growing concern about the career intentions (whether medical students have the intention to practice medicine) due to the increasingly serious problem of medical students attrition. Career intentions have the potential to promote medical students' career commitment and encourage them to stay in the medical profession. Moreover, a series of dynamic career intentions during medical education can be served as an early guide to the medical students' future career choices (whether medical students finally choose to practice medicine). However, few studies focus on the dynamics of career intentions among medical students. In this study, we utilized data from a large-scale national survey of medical students conducted in China from 2020 to 2022 to curve the trajectory of the intention to practice medicine among medical students during their undergraduate medical education by using multilevel growth model. Furthermore, we applied latent Markov model to estimate the transition matrix of the intention across each academic year during the undergraduate medical education. Our findings revealed a trajectory curve with a peak during the second year in the intention to practice medicine. In addition, we identified three latent states of career intention including "strong intention", "wavering" and "weak intention", and further found two distinct transition patterns between individuals with strong career intentions and those without strong career intentions. The transition patterns play a crucial role in understanding the changes in the trajectory of medical students' intentions and determining the optimal timing for interventions to prevent medical student attrition. Our study offers a comprehensive understanding for the dynamics of the career intention among medical students, which has practical implications for medical educators and institutions to address the issues of medical student attrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Shi
- School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongbin Wu
- Institute of Medical Education/National Center for Health Professions Education Development, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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Pfarrwaller E, Maisonneuve H, Laurent C, Abbiati M, Sommer J, Baroffio A, Haller DM. Dynamics of Students' Career Choice: a Conceptual Framework-Based Qualitative Analysis Focusing on Primary Care. J Gen Intern Med 2023:10.1007/s11606-023-08567-9. [PMID: 38102409 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-023-08567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing primary care's attractiveness as a career choice is an important task of socially accountable medical schools. Research has broadly studied influences on medical students' career choice. However, a deeper understanding of the processes behind career decision-making could support medical schools in their efforts to promote primary care careers. OBJECTIVE To explore the dynamics of career choice during medical school with a focus on primary care, based on a previously developed conceptual framework. APPROACH Qualitative study using a phenomenological, inductive-deductive approach DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Individual interviews were conducted from May 2019 to January 2020 with 14 first-year postgraduate trainee physicians, graduates of the Faculty of Medicine in Geneva, Switzerland, purposively sampled based on their interest in primary care during undergraduate studies. The interview guide was developed to elicit narratives about career-related decision-making. Two authors coded the transcripts. Thematic analysis alternated with data collection until thematic saturation was reached. Emerging themes were discussed and refined within the research team. KEY RESULTS Two main themes emerged: (1) developing professional identity, expressed as a changing professional image from unprecise and idealistic to concrete and realistic; priorities changed from content-based to lifestyle-based preferences; (2) individual trajectories of career-related decision-making, determined by different stages of refining professional interests; students navigated this process by employing various strategies, ranging from active exploration to passive behaviors. CONCLUSIONS This study's narrative approach illustrates the dynamic nature of career choice and refines elements of a conceptual framework previously developed by the authors. Its findings underline the importance of exploration, for which personal experiences and observations of physicians' work are crucial. To advance efforts to make primary care a more attractive career, students must be sufficiently exposed to primary care in a safe and individualized environment and should be supported in all stages of their career choice process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pfarrwaller
- University Institute for Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Hubert Maisonneuve
- University Institute for Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- University College of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Camille Laurent
- University College of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Milena Abbiati
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Sommer
- University Institute for Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Baroffio
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dagmar M Haller
- University Institute for Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Sucharitkul P, Safdar NZ, Filan J, Jain K, Forsyth J, Bridgwood B, Bailey MA, Coughlin PA. VENUM (Vascular Education iN Undergraduate Medicine): a multicentre evaluation of undergraduate vascular education in the UK. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023; 105:765-771. [PMID: 37906976 PMCID: PMC10618044 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2023.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vascular surgery is a recognised surgical subspecialty covering an array of circulatory conditions predominately affecting geriatric and diabetic patients. As such, a wide breadth of clinicians will see patients with vascular pathologies, but it is unclear how detailed their knowledge base is. Key to this is the education of medical students, which has been poorly documented during undergraduate training in the UK. VENUM aimed to establish students' perceptions of vascular surgery and their confidence in performing vascular objective structured clinical examination (OCSE) skills. METHODS During the academic year of 2022/2023, final-year medical students were invited to complete a JISC survey (collaborative authorship). Seventy-seven research leads were recruited to disseminate the survey. Quantitative and thematic analysis was used to assess the data. RESULTS In total, 240 final-year medical students completed the survey (54% female; 26 medical schools represented). Forty-five per cent of students reported never having had a vascular placement, 24% had never completed a vascular-focused clinical examination and 26% reported low confidence in performing ankle brachial pressure index measurement. An assessment of peripheral arterial disease morbidity was answered correctly in 17% of respondents compared with 92% for angina (chi-square test p<0.001). Students perceived the specialty to be non-inclusive and that early exposure to vascular surgery was required for better engagement with the specialty. CONCLUSION Students have experienced little exposure to vascular surgery. This may affect future recruitment to vascular surgery and overall knowledge of vascular conditions in UK-trained doctors, which may affect long-term patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N Z Safdar
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - J Filan
- School of Medical Education, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - K Jain
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - J Forsyth
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Leeds, UK
| | | | - M A Bailey
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Vascular Institute, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - P A Coughlin
- Leeds Vascular Institute, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
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Sindi MA, Almadani MH, Sindi MA, Alturaif AH, Altahini KW, Aljohani N, Zaher SJ, Alhibshi AH, Bokhary NH, Alfaidi F, Alfaidi K, Al-Sebaei M, Alshehri MR. Factors Influencing Specialty and Training Center Choices Among Saudi Medical Residents. Cureus 2023; 15:e48844. [PMID: 38106708 PMCID: PMC10723105 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This cross-sectional study aims to identify and quantify the factors influencing Saudi medical residents in selecting their desired specialty and primary training center, while examining the associations between these factors. METHODS The study received approval from an institutional ethical committee at King Abdulaziz University. An electronic questionnaire was designed and validated via content, face validity, and the Content Validity Index. The sample size was calculated based on a 95% CI and a 5% margin of error. The study targeted all current residents in the current Saudi Specialty Certificate Programs. Descriptive statistics summarized demographic characteristics, training-related information, and factors influencing the selection of a specialty and training center. Fisher's exact test and Chi-square tests were employed for data analysis. RESULTS A total of 387 respondents completed the survey, with a 32.3% response rate. The majority of respondents were male (n = 232, 59.9%), and the majority were also married (n = 67.2%), with internal medicine (n = 92, 23.8%) and family medicine (n = 74, 19.1%) being the most prevalent specialties. Notably, 89.4% (n = 346) reported matching into their first-choice specialty, and 67.2% (n = 260) into their first-choice training center. Furthermore, 90.2% (n = 349) had prior training (elective/internship) in their chosen specialty, and 63% (n = 244) had previous training (elective/internship) at their primary training center. Prior exposure to both specialty and center significantly resulted in them being the resident's top choice (p < 0.01). Multiple factors influencing the choice of either the specialty or the center were found to have statistically significant associations with the gender, specialty, residency level, sector of the training center, and timing of the specialty decision (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study reveals the substantial influence of early experiences on Saudi medical residents' specialty and training center choices. It also uncovers gender disparities and variations in the influence of specialty-related factors. Future research with larger and more diverse samples is recommended to gain a deeper understanding of the multifactorial decision-making processes, enabling the development of strategies to better meet the evolving needs and preferences of healthcare professionals in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Sindi
- General Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mahmoud H Almadani
- Department of Neurology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Marah A Sindi
- Department of Family Medicine, Ministry of Health, Dammam, SAU
| | - Ali H Alturaif
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Naif Aljohani
- Department of Family Medicine, Ministry of Health, Makkah, SAU
| | - Sary J Zaher
- Department of Family Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Ahmad H Alhibshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Nidal H Bokhary
- Department of Emergency Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Faisal Alfaidi
- Department of Radiology, King Abdulaziz Medical City Jeddah, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Khalid Alfaidi
- Department of Urology, King Abdullah Medical Complex, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Maisa Al-Sebaei
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Maha R Alshehri
- Pediatric Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
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Chew C, Lin L, Vos N, Stevens J, Nyhof E, Goh J. Medical Specialty Interest Survey (MSIS): understanding career interest and specialty training in commencing Australian medical interns. BMJ LEADER 2023:leader-2023-000874. [PMID: 37798101 DOI: 10.1136/leader-2023-000874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess specialisation interests in commencing interns and create a standardised survey to aid medical schools, supervisors and health services in quantifying, understanding and supporting medical career development to improve medical workforce planning. METHOD The Medical Specialty Interest Survey (MSIS) cross-sectional study was used. Incoming interns at a multisite tertiary hospital network in Melbourne, Australia rated their desire to pursue each specialty as a career using a Likert scale (1-5). 47 Medical Board of Australia Medical Specialties were included in the survey. RESULTS Completion rate was 123 of 124 (99.2%). The overall mean desirability was 2.62, suggesting on average more specialties were deemed less preferred. Critical care specialties were most popular, while surgical specialties had least interest. Gastroenterology and cardiology were most popular among internal medicine specialties. General practice had low correlation with other specialties (Pearson correlation mean R coefficient 0.106 compared with overall mean 0.208), suggesting interns interested in general practice exhibit less interest in other specialties, and interest in specialisation confers low interest in general practice. Psychiatry had the lowest mean R coefficient of 0.088. CONCLUSIONS The MSIS quantifies relative interest in 47 medical specialties and specialty interest correlations among final-year medical students/incoming interns. The MSIS may be a tool for medical schools, healthcare services and government agencies to better understand the career interest among medical students and pre-vocational doctors and therefore improve doctor retention and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Chew
- Monash Doctors Workforce, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lawrence Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nathan Vos
- Monash Doctors Workforce, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jade Stevens
- Monash Doctors Workforce, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Nyhof
- Monash Doctors Workforce, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason Goh
- Monash Doctors Workforce, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Ferreira T, Collins AM, Feng O, Samworth RJ, Horvath R. Career intentions of medical students in the UK: a national, cross-sectional study (AIMS study). BMJ Open 2023; 13:e075598. [PMID: 37699638 PMCID: PMC10496670 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine current UK medical students' career intentions after graduation and on completing the Foundation Programme (FP), and to ascertain the motivations behind these intentions. DESIGN Cross-sectional, mixed-methods survey of UK medical students, using a non-random sampling method. SETTING All 44 UK medical schools recognised by the General Medical Council. PARTICIPANTS All UK medical students were eligible to participate. The study sample consisted of 10 486 participants, approximately 25.50% of the medical student population. OUTCOME MEASURES Career intentions of medical students postgraduation and post-FP, motivations behind these career intentions, characterising the medical student population and correlating demographic factors and propensity to leave the National Health Service (NHS). RESULTS The majority of participating students (8806/10 486, 83.98%) planned to complete both years of the FP after graduation, with under half of these students (4294/8806, 48.76%) intending to pursue specialty training thereafter. A subanalysis of career intentions after the FP by year of study revealed a significant decrease in students' intentions to enter specialty training as they advanced through medical school. Approximately a third of surveyed students (3392/10 486, 32.35%) intended to emigrate to practise medicine, with 42.57% (n=1444) of those students not planning to return. In total, 2.89% of students intended to leave medicine altogether (n=303). Remuneration, work-life balance and working conditions were identified as important factors in decision-making regarding emigration and leaving the profession. Subgroup analyses based on gender, type of schooling, fee type and educational background were performed. Only 17.26% of surveyed students were satisfied or very satisfied with the overall prospect of working in the NHS. CONCLUSIONS The Ascertaining the career Intentions of UK Medical Students study highlights UK students' views and career intentions, revealing a concerning proportion of those surveyed considering alternative careers or emigration. Addressing factors such as remuneration, work-life balance and working conditions may increase retention of doctors and improve workforce planning efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Ferreira
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander M Collins
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Feng
- Statistical Laboratory, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard J Samworth
- Statistical Laboratory, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rita Horvath
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Ferreira T, Collins AM, Horvath R. Ascertaining the Career Intentions of Medical Students (AIMS) in the United Kingdom Post Graduation: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e45992. [PMID: 37335615 PMCID: PMC10337401 DOI: 10.2196/45992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among doctors in the United Kingdom, there is growing sentiment regarding delaying specialist training, emigrating to practice medicine abroad, or leaving the profession altogether. This trend may have substantial implications for the future of the profession in the United Kingdom. The extent to which this sentiment is also present in the medical student population is not well understood. OBJECTIVE Our primary outcome is to determine current medical students' career intentions after graduation and upon completing the foundation program and to establish the motivations behind these intentions. Secondary outcomes include determining which, if any, demographic factors alter the propensity to pursue different career paths available to a medical graduate, determining which specialties medical students plan on pursuing, and understanding current views on the prospect of working in the National Health Service (NHS). METHODS The Ascertaining the Career Intentions of Medical Students (AIMS) study is a national, multi-institution, and cross-sectional study in which all medical students at all medical schools in the United Kingdom are eligible to participate. It was administered via a novel, mixed methods, and web-based questionnaire and disseminated through a collaborative network of approximately 200 students recruited for this purpose. Both quantitative and thematic analyses will be performed. RESULTS The study was launched nationally on January 16, 2023. Data collection was closed on March 27, 2023, and data analysis has commenced. The results are expected to be available later in the year. CONCLUSIONS Doctors' career satisfaction within the NHS is a well-researched topic; however, there is a shortage of high-powered studies that are able to offer insight into medical students' outlook on their future careers. It is anticipated that the results of this study will bring clarity to this issue. Identified areas of improvement in medical training or within the NHS could be targeted to improve doctors' working conditions and help retain medical graduates. Results may also aid future workforce-planning efforts. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/45992.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Ferreira
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander M Collins
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Horvath
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Pfarrwaller E, Voirol L, Karemera M, Guerrier S, Baroffio A. Dynamics of career intentions in a medical student cohort: a four-year longitudinal study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:131. [PMID: 36849901 PMCID: PMC9972700 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04102-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students' career intentions often change between matriculation and graduation, yet little is known about the precise timing and dynamics of individual students' career decisions. This study expands on previous research by exploring the stability of individual students' career intentions over four years and by analyzing associations between unstable career intentions and students' characteristics. METHODS Medical students from two classes were recruited into a cohort during their first academic year and completed a yearly survey over a four-year period (end of pre-clinical curriculum to graduation). Measures included career intention (specialty and practice type), personality, coping strategies, empathy, and motives for becoming a physician. The authors developed a score ranging from 0 to 10 quantifying instability of career intentions (0 = stable; 10 = unstable). The distribution of the score was analyzed descriptively, and the association between the score and other variables was quantified using a stepwise beta regression model. RESULTS The sample included 262 students (61% females). The mean score was 3.07 with a median of 3. 18% of students (N = 46) did not change their specialty intention over the four years, whereas 10% (N = 26) changed every year. No further subgroups were identified between these extremes. An intention to work in private practice in year 3 and the motive care for patients were significantly associated with more stable career intentions. CONCLUSION Most students are situated on a continuum between the two extremes of being firmly committed and undecided. Extrinsic factors may be more important drivers of these fluctuations than personal characteristics and should be explored in future research. This study's findings also provide avenues for supporting students in their career decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pfarrwaller
- University Institute for Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Genève 4, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Lionel Voirol
- Research Center for Statistics, Geneva School of Economics and Management, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mucyo Karemera
- Research Center for Statistics, Geneva School of Economics and Management, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Guerrier
- Research Center for Statistics, Geneva School of Economics and Management, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Baroffio
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Chen J, Yang Y, Shen L, Zhang X, Hu R. Nursing students' expectations and career preferences before clinical placement in mainland China: A qualitative exploration. Nurse Educ Pract 2023; 67:103552. [PMID: 36669296 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore nursing students' expectations and career preferences before their clinical placements. BACKGROUND Clinical placement is an important adaptation stage through which nursing students become nurses. Nursing students' expectations of clinical placement are not always met. There is a huge demand-supply gap in the nursing labor force and ensuring successful nursing placements could offset this gap. DESIGN This study adopted a descriptive qualitative design. METHODS Each participant was interviewed in the weeks before the start of their clinical placement. Interviews were semi-structured and audio recorded. Data were analyzed using Clarke and Braun's thematic analysis. RESULTS This study included 25 students (11 males and 14 females; age 20-21 years), which was sufficient to reach data saturation. We identified 138 codes and six themes emerged: a) expectations of role transition; b) expectations of self-enhancement; c) expectations of teaching styles; d) fears and worries; e) preliminary career preferences; and f) motivating and obstacle factors of engaging in a nursing career. CONCLUSIONS Nursing students had various expectations of their upcoming clinical placements alongside certain worries and fears. More predictive and targeted strategies need to be considered to ensure the success of clinical nursing placements. Further research should explore and verify strategies to meet nursing students' expectations and promote their preference for a nursing career.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Chen
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Yidan Yang
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Ling Shen
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Rong Hu
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, China.
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Sapoutzis N, Schneider A, Brandhuber T, Berberat PO, Wijnen-Meijer M. Programs to encourage working as a general practitioner in rural areas: why do medical students not want to participate? A cross-sectional study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:622. [PMID: 35978341 PMCID: PMC9382807 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many countries, not enough students are interested to work as general practitioners in rural areas. To solve this problem, several, sometimes partly extracurricular, programs have been developed. Most of these programs are based on continuity, which means that students stay in a rural region for an extended period of time, by completing clerkships. Although the effects of these programs are positive, it is often difficult to motivate students to participate. The purpose of the present study is to get insight into the reasons why students choose not to participate in these programs. METHODS We carried out a questionnaire study among medical students in the clinical phase of the Technical University of Munich in Germany. First, we asked the students whether they actively informed themselves about the program which aims to reduce the shortage of general practitioners in rural areas in Bavaria. Furthermore, the questionnaire focused on the reasons for not participating in this program. RESULTS Based on the answers of 442 students from study years 3-6, the most frequently chosen reason for not participating in the program is "identification with another discipline" with 61.0%, directly followed by "not willing to commit long-term" (56.1%). In third place is "personal connections to another region" with 30.5%. In the open comments, we find the same reasons: many students do not want to commit to a certain direction too early. In addition, students indicate that the number of regions where this program is offered is too limited for them. CONCLUSIONS Offering programs to prepare and motivate students for work as general practitioners in rural areas can contribute to increasing the pool of future general practitioners. To encourage students to participate in such a program, it is important to consider the motives of students. Many students who might be interested in general practice do not choose to take part in such a program because they do not want to commit to a particular specialty or region at an early stage. It is important to take these insights into account when designing and implementing these programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Sapoutzis
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, TUM Medical Education Center, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Public Health Department Hochtaunuskreis, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany
| | - Antonius Schneider
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Family Medicine and Health Services Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Tom Brandhuber
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Family Medicine and Health Services Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Pascal O Berberat
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, TUM Medical Education Center, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Marjo Wijnen-Meijer
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, TUM Medical Education Center, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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Chan KIP, Khu KJO, Brillante EMB, Flores GP, Nakpil AS, Go DAD, Dantes JKC, Manlapid JMC, Legaspi GD. Perceptions and likelihood of medical students to pursue a career in neurosurgery: Findings from the Philippines. World Neurosurg 2022; 164:e590-e598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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McGrail M, O’Sullivan B, Gurney T, Eley D, Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan S. Exploring Doctors' Emerging Commitment to Rural and General Practice Roles over Their Early Career. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11835. [PMID: 34831590 PMCID: PMC8619547 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Producing enough doctors working in general practice or rural locations, or both, remains a key global policy focus. However, there is a lack of evidence about doctors' emerging commitment to these decisions. This study aimed to explore changes in the level of certainty about career interest in working in general practice and working rurally, as doctors pass through various early career stages. The participants were 775 eligible respondents to a 2019 survey of medical graduates of The University of Queensland from 2002-2018. Certainty levels of specialty choice were similar between GPs and specialists up until the beginning of registrar training. At that point, 65% of GPs compared with 80% of other specialists had strong certainty of their specialty field. Consistently (and significantly) less of those working rurally had strong certainty of the location where they wanted to practice medicine at each career time point. At the start of registrar training, a similar gap remained (strong certainty: 51% rural versus 63% metropolitan). This study provides new evidence that career intent certainty is more delayed for the cohort choosing general practice and rural practice than the other options. The low level of certainty in early career highlights the importance of regular positive experiences that help to promote the uptake of general practice and rural practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew McGrail
- Rural Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Rockhampton 4700, Australia
| | - Belinda O’Sullivan
- Rural Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia; (B.O.); (T.G.); (S.K.-C.)
| | - Tiana Gurney
- Rural Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia; (B.O.); (T.G.); (S.K.-C.)
| | - Diann Eley
- Office of Medical Education, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Australia;
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