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Mamachan M, Sharun K, Banu SA, Muthu S, Pawde AM, Abualigah L, Maiti SK. Mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage regeneration: Insights into molecular mechanism and therapeutic strategies. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102380. [PMID: 38615643 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in cartilage regeneration has gained significant attention in regenerative medicine. This paper reviews the molecular mechanisms underlying MSC-based cartilage regeneration and explores various therapeutic strategies to enhance the efficacy of MSCs in this context. MSCs exhibit multipotent capabilities and can differentiate into various cell lineages under specific microenvironmental cues. Chondrogenic differentiation, a complex process involving signaling pathways, transcription factors, and growth factors, plays a pivotal role in the successful regeneration of cartilage tissue. The chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs is tightly regulated by growth factors and signaling pathways such as TGF-β, BMP, Wnt/β-catenin, RhoA/ROCK, NOTCH, and IHH (Indian hedgehog). Understanding the intricate balance between these pathways is crucial for directing lineage-specific differentiation and preventing undesirable chondrocyte hypertrophy. Additionally, paracrine effects of MSCs, mediated by the secretion of bioactive factors, contribute significantly to immunomodulation, recruitment of endogenous stem cells, and maintenance of chondrocyte phenotype. Pre-treatment strategies utilized to potentiate MSCs, such as hypoxic conditions, low-intensity ultrasound, kartogenin treatment, and gene editing, are also discussed for their potential to enhance MSC survival, differentiation, and paracrine effects. In conclusion, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in MSC-based cartilage regeneration and outlines promising therapeutic strategies. The insights presented contribute to the ongoing efforts in optimizing MSC-based therapies for effective cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Mamachan
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - S Amitha Banu
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Kaur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit M Pawde
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Laith Abualigah
- Artificial Intelligence and Sensing Technologies (AIST) Research Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan; Computer Science Department, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq 25113, Jordan; MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos 13-5053, Lebanon; Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya 27500, Malaysia
| | - Swapan Kumar Maiti
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Núñez-Carro C, Blanco-Blanco M, Villagrán-Andrade KM, Blanco FJ, de Andrés MC. Epigenetics as a Therapeutic Target in Osteoarthritis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:156. [PMID: 37259307 PMCID: PMC9964205 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a heterogenous, complex disease affecting the integrity of diarthrodial joints that, despite its high prevalence worldwide, lacks effective treatment. In recent years it has been discovered that epigenetics may play an important role in OA. Our objective is to review the current knowledge of the three classical epigenetic mechanisms-DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) modifications, including microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)-in relation to the pathogenesis of OA and focusing on articular cartilage. The search for updated literature was carried out in the PubMed database. Evidence shows that dysregulation of numerous essential cartilage molecules is caused by aberrant epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, and it contributes to the development and progression of OA. This offers the opportunity to consider new candidates as therapeutic targets with the potential to attenuate OA or to be used as novel biomarkers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Núñez-Carro
- Unidad de Epigenética, Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario, de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Margarita Blanco-Blanco
- Unidad de Epigenética, Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario, de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Karla Mariuxi Villagrán-Andrade
- Unidad de Epigenética, Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario, de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Blanco
- Unidad de Epigenética, Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario, de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología y Salud, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Fisioterapia, Campus de Oza, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - María C. de Andrés
- Unidad de Epigenética, Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario, de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
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3
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Kirankumar S, Gurusamy N, Rajasingh S, Sigamani V, Vasanthan J, Perales SG, Rajasingh J. Modern approaches on stem cells and scaffolding technology for osteogenic differentiation and regeneration. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 247:433-445. [PMID: 34648374 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211052927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of bone repair has always been a natural mystery. Although bones do repair themselves, supplemental treatment is required for the initiation of the self-regeneration process. Predominantly, surgical procedures are employed for bone regeneration. Recently, cell-based therapy for bone regeneration has proven to be more effective than traditional methods, as it eliminates the immune risk and painful surgeries. In clinical trials, various stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells, have shown to be more efficient for the treatment of several bone-related diseases, such as non-union fracture, osteogenesis imperfecta, osteosarcoma, and osteoporosis. Furthermore, the stem cells grown in a suitable three-dimensional scaffold support were found to be more efficient for osteogenesis. It has been shown that the three-dimensional bioscaffolds support and simulate an in vivo environment, which helps in differentiation of stem cells into bone cells. Bone regeneration in patients with bone disorders can be improved through modification of stem cells with several osteogenic factors or using stem cells as carriers for osteogenic factors. In this review, we focused on the various types of stem cells and scaffolds that are being used for bone regeneration. In addition, the molecular mechanisms of various transcription factors, signaling pathways that support bone regeneration and the senescence of the stem cells, which limits bone regeneration, have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaani Kirankumar
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.,Department of Genetic Engineering, 93104SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603203, India
| | - Narasimman Gurusamy
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sheeja Rajasingh
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Vinoth Sigamani
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jayavardini Vasanthan
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.,Department of Genetic Engineering, 93104SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603203, India
| | - Selene G Perales
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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4
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Iaquinta MR, Lanzillotti C, Mazziotta C, Bononi I, Frontini F, Mazzoni E, Oton-Gonzalez L, Rotondo JC, Torreggiani E, Tognon M, Martini F. The role of microRNAs in the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and bone pathologies. Theranostics 2021; 11:6573-6591. [PMID: 33995677 PMCID: PMC8120225 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified in many adult tissues. MSCs can regenerate through cell division or differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes. As a result, MSCs have become an important source of cells in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for bone tissue and cartilage. Several epigenetic factors are believed to play a role in MSCs differentiation. Among these, microRNA (miRNA) regulation is involved in the fine modulation of gene expression during osteogenic/chondrogenic differentiation. It has been reported that miRNAs are involved in bone homeostasis by modulating osteoblast gene expression. In addition, countless evidence has demonstrated that miRNAs dysregulation is involved in the development of osteoporosis and bone fractures. The deregulation of miRNAs expression has also been associated with several malignancies including bone cancer. In this context, bone-associated circulating miRNAs may be useful biomarkers for determining the predisposition, onset and development of osteoporosis, as well as in clinical applications to improve the diagnosis, follow-up and treatment of cancer and metastases. Overall, this review will provide an overview of how miRNAs activities participate in osteogenic/chondrogenic differentiation, while addressing the role of miRNA regulatory effects on target genes. Finally, the role of miRNAs in pathologies and therapies will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara. Ferrara, Italy
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5
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Zhang FY, Zhen YF, Guo ZX, Dai J, Zhu LQ, Liang PR, Su GH, Zhang WY, Fang JF, Yuan QW, Yao F, Liu Y, Qiao Y, Zhang Y, Guo WL, Liu Y, Wang XD. miR-143 is implicated in growth plate injury by targeting IHH in precartilaginous stem cells. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1999-2007. [PMID: 33850470 PMCID: PMC8040405 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.46474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Precartilaginous stem cells (PCSCs) are able to initiate chondrocyte and bone development. The present study aimed to investigate the role of miR-143 and the underlying mechanisms involved in PCSC proliferation. In a rat growth plate injury model, tissue from the injury site was collected and the expression of miR-143 and its potential targets was determined. PCSCs were isolated from the rabbits' distal epiphyseal growth plate. Cell viability, DNA synthesis, and apoptosis were determined with MTT, BrdU, and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. Real time PCR and western blot were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expression of the indicated genes. Indian hedgehog (IHH) was identified as a target gene for miR-143 with luciferase reporter assay. Decreased expression of miR-143 and increased expression of IHH gene were observed in the growth plate after injury. miR-143 mimics decreased cell viability and DNA synthesis and promoted apoptosis of PCSCs. Conversely, siRNA-mediated inhibition of miR-143 led to increased growth and suppressed apoptosis of PCSCs. Transfection of miR-143 decreased luciferase activity of wild-type IHH but had no effect when the 3'-UTR of IHH was mutated. Furthermore, the effect of miR-143 overexpression was neutralized by overexpression of IHH. Our study showed that miR-143 is involved in growth plate behavior and regulates PCSC growth by targeting IHH, suggesting that miR-143 may serve as a novel target for PCSC-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Yong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yun-Fang Zhen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Zhi-Xiong Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jin Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Lun-Qing Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Pei-Rong Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Guang-Hao Su
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Wen-Yan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jian-Feng Fang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Quan-Wen Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Wan-Liang Guo
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
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6
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Witte K, de Andrés MC, Wells J, Dalby MJ, Salmeron-Sanchez M, Oreffo ROC. Chondrobags: A high throughput alginate-fibronectin micromass platform for in vitro human cartilage formation. Biofabrication 2020; 12:045034. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abb653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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7
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Arriaga MA, Ding MH, Gutierrez AS, Chew SA. The Application of microRNAs in Biomaterial Scaffold-Based Therapies for Bone Tissue Engineering. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1900084. [PMID: 31166084 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the application of microRNAs (miRNAs) or anti-microRNAs (anti-miRNAs) that can induce expression of the runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), a master regulator of osteogenesis, has been investigated as a promising alternative bone tissue engineering strategy. In this review, biomaterial scaffold-based applications that have been used to deliver cells expressing miRNAs or anti-miRNAs that induce expression of RUNX2 for bone tissue engineering are discussed. An overview of the components of the scaffold-based therapies including the miRNAs/anti-miRNAs, cell types, gene delivery vectors, and scaffolds that have been applied are provided. To date, there have been nine miRNAs/anti-miRNAs (i.e., miRNA-26a, anti-miRNA-31, anti-miRNA-34a, miRNA-135, anti-miRNA-138, anti-miRNA-146a, miRNA-148b, anti-miRNA-221, and anti-miRNA-335) that have been incorporated into scaffold-based bone tissue engineering applications and investigated in an in vivo bone critical-sized defect model. For all of the biomaterial scaffold-based miRNA therapies that have been developed thus far, cells that are transfected or transduced with the miRNA/anti-miRNA are loaded into the scaffolds and implanted at the site of interest instead of locally delivering the miRNA/anti-miRNAs directly from the scaffolds. Thus, future work may focus on developing biomaterial scaffolds to deliver miRNAs or anti-miRNAs into cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Arriaga
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One West University Blvd, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - May-Hui Ding
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One West University Blvd, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Astrid S Gutierrez
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One West University Blvd, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Sue Anne Chew
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One West University Blvd, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
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8
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Sanjurjo-Rodriguez C, Baboolal TG, Burska AN, Ponchel F, El-Jawhari JJ, Pandit H, McGonagle D, Jones E. Gene expression and functional comparison between multipotential stromal cells from lateral and medial condyles of knee osteoarthritis patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9321. [PMID: 31249374 PMCID: PMC6597541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45820-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disorder. Multipotential stromal cells (MSCs) have a crucial role in joint repair, but how OA severity affects their characteristics remains unknown. Knee OA provides a good model to study this, as osteochondral damage is commonly more severe in the medial weight-bearing compartment compared to lateral side of the joint. This study utilised in vitro functional assays, cell sorting, gene expression and immunohistochemistry to compare MSCs from medial and lateral OA femoral condyles. Despite greater cartilage loss and bone sclerosis in medial condyles, there was no significant differences in MSC numbers, growth rates or surface phenotype. Culture-expanded and freshly-purified medial-condyle MSCs expressed higher levels of several ossification-related genes. Using CD271-staining to identify MSCs, their presence and co-localisation with TRAP-positive chondroclasts was noted in the vascular channels breaching the osteochondral junction in lateral condyles. In medial condyles, MSCs were additionally found in small cavities within the sclerotic plate. These data indicate subchondral MSCs may be involved in OA progression by participating in cartilage destruction, calcification and sclerotic plate formation and that they remain abundant in severe disease. Biological or biomechanical modulation of these MSCs may be a new strategy towards cartilage and bone restoration in knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Sanjurjo-Rodriguez
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,University of A Coruña, Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine group, Biomedical Sciences, Medicine and Physiotherapy department; CIBER-BBN, Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC)-Centre of Advanced Scientific Researches (CICA), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Thomas G Baboolal
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Agata N Burska
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Frederique Ponchel
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jehan J El-Jawhari
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Clinical Pathology department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hemant Pandit
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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miR-206 inhibits osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by targetting glutaminase. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181108. [PMID: 30804229 PMCID: PMC6900431 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblast-mediated bone formation is a complex process involving various pathways and regulatory factors, including cytokines, growth factors, and hormones. Investigating the regulatory mechanisms behind osteoblast differentiation is important for bone regeneration therapy. miRNAs are known as important regulators, not only in a variety of cellular processes, but also in the pathogenesis of bone diseases. In the present study, we investigated the potential roles of miR-206 during osteoblast differentiation. We report that miR-206 expression was significantly down-regulated in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) at days 7 and 14 during osteogenic induction. Furthermore, miR-206 overexpressing BMSCs showed attenuated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red staining, and osteocalcin secretion. The mRNA levels of osteogenic markers, Runx2 and Osteopontin (OPN), were significantly down-regulated in miR-206 overexpressing BMSCs. We observed that significantly increased glutamine uptake at days 7 and 14 during the osteogenic induction and inhibition of glutamine metabolism by knocking down glutaminase (GLS)-suppressed osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Here, we discover that miR-206 could directly bind to the 3′-UTR region of GLS mRNA, resulting in suppressed GLS expression and glutamine metabolism. Finally, restoration of GLS in miR-206 overexpressing BMSCs led to recovery of glutamine metabolism and osteogenic differentiation. In summary, these results reveal a new insight into the mechanisms of the miR-206-mediated osteogenesis through regulating glutamine metabolism. Our study may contribute to the development of therapeutic agents against bone diseases.
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MacInnes SJ, Hatzikotoulas K, Fenstad AM, Shah K, Southam L, Tachmazidou I, Hallan G, Dale H, Panoutsopoulou K, Furnes O, Zeggini E, Wilkinson JM. The 2018 Otto Aufranc Award: How Does Genome-wide Variation Affect Osteolysis Risk After THA? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2019; 477:297-309. [PMID: 30794219 PMCID: PMC6370091 DOI: 10.1097/01.blo.0000533629.49193.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periprosthetic osteolysis resulting in aseptic loosening is a leading cause of THA revision. Individuals vary in their susceptibility to osteolysis and heritable factors may contribute to this variation. However, the overall contribution that such variation makes to osteolysis risk is unknown. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We conducted two genome-wide association studies to (1) identify genetic risk loci associated with susceptibility to osteolysis; and (2) identify genetic risk loci associated with time to prosthesis revision for osteolysis. METHODS The Norway cohort comprised 2624 patients after THA recruited from the Norwegian Arthroplasty Registry, of whom 779 had undergone revision surgery for osteolysis. The UK cohort included 890 patients previously recruited from hospitals in the north of England, 317 who either had radiographic evidence of and/or had undergone revision surgery for osteolysis. All participants had received a fully cemented or hybrid THA using a small-diameter metal or ceramic-on-conventional polyethylene bearing. Osteolysis susceptibility case-control analyses and quantitative trait analyses for time to prosthesis revision (a proxy measure of the speed of osteolysis onset) in those patients with osteolysis were undertaken in each cohort separately after genome-wide genotyping. Finally, a meta-analysis of the two independent cohort association analysis results was undertaken. RESULTS Genome-wide association analysis identified four independent suggestive genetic signals for osteolysis case-control status in the Norwegian cohort and 11 in the UK cohort (p ≤ 5 x 10). After meta-analysis, five independent genetic signals showed a suggestive association with osteolysis case-control status at p ≤ 5 x 10 with the strongest comprising 18 correlated variants on chromosome 7 (lead signal rs850092, p = 1.13 x 10). Genome-wide quantitative trait analysis in cases only showed a total of five and nine independent genetic signals for time to revision at p ≤ 5 x 10, respectively. After meta-analysis, 11 independent genetic signals showed suggestive evidence of an association with time to revision at p ≤ 5 x 10 with the largest association block comprising 174 correlated variants in chromosome 15 (lead signal rs10507055, p = 1.40 x 10). CONCLUSIONS We explored the heritable biology of osteolysis at the whole genome level and identify several genetic loci that associate with susceptibility to osteolysis or with premature revision surgery. However, further studies are required to determine a causal association between the identified signals and osteolysis and their functional role in the disease. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The identification of novel genetic risk loci for osteolysis enables new investigative avenues for clinical biomarker discovery and therapeutic intervention in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J MacInnes
- S. J. MacInnes, K. Shah, J. M. Wilkinson, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, The Medical School, Sheffield, UK K. Hatzikotoulas, I. Tachmazidou, K. Panoutsopoulou, E. Zeggini, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK A. M. Fenstad, H. Dale, The Norwegian Arthroplasty Register, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway L. Southam, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK G. Hallan, O. Furnes, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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11
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Li J, Chen Y, Teng W, Wang Q. [Osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by gene-loaded lipopolysaccharide-amine nanopolymersomes]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2018; 32:1469-1476. [PMID: 30417627 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201804125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the ability of gene-loaded lipopolysaccharide-amine nanopolymersomes (LNPs) in inducing osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) by in vitro gene transfection, where LNPs were used as a non-viral cationic carrier, and their properties were optimized during synthesis. Methods LNPs were synthesized by a graft-copolymerization method, and the effects of different pH environments during synthesis on physicochemical properties of LNPs and LNPs/plasmid of bone morphogenetic protein 2-green fluorescent protein (pBMP-2-GFP) complexes were explored. Then, optimized LNPs with maximum transfection efficiency and safe cytotoxicity in rat BMSCs were identified by cytotoxicity and transfection experiments in vitro. Thereafter, the optimized LNPs were used to mediate pBMP-2-GFP to transfect rat BMSCs, and the influences of LNPs/pBMP-2-GFP on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs were evaluated by monitoring the cell morphology, concentration of BMP-2 protein, activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the formation of calcium nodules. Results The nitrogen content, particle size, and zeta potential of LNPs synthesized at pH 8.5 were lower than those of the other pH groups, with the lowest cytotoxicity (96.5%±1.4%) and the highest transfection efficiency (98.8%±0.1%). After transfection treatment, within the first 4 days, BMSCs treated by LNPs/pBMP-2-GFP expressed BMP-2 protein significantly higher than that treated by Lipofectamine2000 (Lipo)/pBMP-2-GFP, polyethylenimine 25K/pBMP-2-GFP, and the blank (non-treated). At 14 days after transfection, ALP activity in BMSCs treated by LNPs/pBMP-2-GFP was higher than that treated by Lipo/pBMP-2-GFP and the blank, comparable to that induced by osteogenic medium; with alizarin red staining, visible calcium nodules were found in BMSCs treated by LNPs/pBMP-2-GFP or osteogenic medium, but absent in BMSCs treated by Lipo/pBMP-2-GFP or the blank with apoptosis. At 21 days after transfection, transparent massive nodules were discovered in BMSCs treated by LNPs/pBMP-2-GFP, and BMSCs exhibited the morphologic features of osteoblasts. Conclusion LNPs synthesized at pH 8.5 has optimal transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity, they can efficiently mediate pBMP-2-GFP to transfect BMSCs, and successfully induce their directional osteogenic differentiation, whose inducing effect is comparable to the osteogenic medium. The results suggest that gene transfection mediated by LNPs may be a convenient and effective strategy in inducing directional differentiation of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation of Health Ministry, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510089, P.R.China;School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510006, P.R.China
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation of Health Ministry, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510089, P.R.China
| | - Wei Teng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510060, P.R.China
| | - Qinmei Wang
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation of Health Ministry, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510089,
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Combating Osteoarthritis through Stem Cell Therapies by Rejuvenating Cartilage: A Review. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:5421019. [PMID: 29765416 PMCID: PMC5885495 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5421019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disorder which could be distinguished by erosion of articular cartilage, pain, stiffness, and crepitus. Not only aging-associated alterations but also the metabolic factors such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and obesity affect articular tissues and may initiate or exacerbate the OA. The poor self-healing ability of articular cartilage due to limited regeneration in chondrocytes further adversely affects the osteoarthritic microenvironment. Traditional and current surgical treatment procedures for OA are limited and incapable to reverse the damage of articular cartilage. To overcome these limitations, cell-based therapies are currently being employed to repair and regenerate the structure and function of articular tissues. These therapies not only depend upon source and type of stem cells but also on environmental conditions, growth factors, and chemical and mechanical stimuli. Recently, the pluripotent and various multipotent mesenchymal stem cells have been employed for OA therapy, due to their differentiation potential towards chondrogenic lineage. Additionally, the stem cells have also been supplemented with growth factors to achieve higher healing response in osteoarthritic cartilage. In this review, we summarized the current status of stem cell therapies in OA pathophysiology and also highlighted the potential areas of further research needed in regenerative medicine.
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Visfatin Promotes IL-6 and TNF-α Production in Human Synovial Fibroblasts by Repressing miR-199a-5p through ERK, p38 and JNK Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010190. [PMID: 29316707 PMCID: PMC5796139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), an inflammatory form of arthritis, is characterized by synovial inflammation and cartilage destruction largely influenced by two key proinflammatory cytokines-interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Notably, levels of visfatin (a proinflammatory adipokine) are elevated in patients with OA, although the relationship of visfatin to IL-6 and TNF-α expression in OA pathogenesis has been unclear. In this study, visfatin enhanced the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in human OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs) in a concentration-dependent manner and stimulation of OASFs with visfatin promoted phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), while ERK, p38, and JNK inhibitors or siRNAs all abolished visfatin-induced increases in IL-6 and TNF-α production. Moreover, transfection with miR-199a-5p mimics reversed visfatin-induced increases in IL-6 and TNF-α production. Furthermore, we also found that visfatin-promoted IL-6 and TNF-α production is mediated via the inhibition of miR-199a-5p expression through the ERK, p38, and JNK signaling pathways. Visfatin may therefore be an appropriate target for drug intervention in OA treatment.
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Kalamegam G, Memic A, Budd E, Abbas M, Mobasheri A. A Comprehensive Review of Stem Cells for Cartilage Regeneration in Osteoarthritis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1089:23-36. [PMID: 29725971 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age related joint disease associated with degeneration and loss of articular cartilage. Consequently, OA patients suffer from chronic joint pain and disability. Weight bearing joints and joints that undergo repetitive stress and excessive 'wear and tear' are particularly prone to developing OA. Cartilage has a poor regenerative capacity and current pharmacological agents only provide symptomatic pain relief. OA patients that respond poorly to conventional therapies are ultimately treated with surgical procedures to promote cartilage repair by implantation of artificial joint structures (arthroplasty) or total joint replacement (TJR). In the last two decades, stem cells derived from various tissues with varying differentiation and tissue regeneration potential have been used for the treatment of OA either alone or in combination with natural or synthetic scaffolds to aid cartilage repair. Although stem cells can be differentiated into chondrocytes in vitro or aid cartilage regeneration in vivo, their potential for OA management remains limited as cartilage regenerated by stem cells fails to fully recapitulate the structural and biomechanical properties of the native tissue. Efficient tissue regeneration remains elusive despite the simple design of cartilage, which unlike most other tissues is avascular and aneural, consisting of a single cell type. In this article, we have comprehensively reviewed the types of stem cells that have been proposed or tested for the management of OA, their potential efficacy as well as their limitations. We also touch on the role of biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering and examine the prospects for their use in cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauthaman Kalamegam
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Sheikh Salem Bin Mahfouz Scientific Chair for Treatment of Osteoarthritis with Stem Cells, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Memic
- Center of Nanotechnology, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emma Budd
- Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Mohammed Abbas
- Sheikh Salem Bin Mahfouz Scientific Chair for Treatment of Osteoarthritis with Stem Cells, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Sheikh Salem Bin Mahfouz Scientific Chair for Treatment of Osteoarthritis with Stem Cells, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK. .,Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK. .,Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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