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Samora M, Grotle AK, Stone AJ. Altered Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2023; 51:65-72. [PMID: 36722860 PMCID: PMC10033421 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Exaggerated cardiovascular responses to exercise increase the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. This review provides an overview of the altered exercise pressor reflex in T1D, with an emphasis on the mechanical component of the reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Samora
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Ann-Katrin Grotle
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Audrey J. Stone
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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2
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Association of HbA1c with VO 2max in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111017. [PMID: 36355100 PMCID: PMC9697838 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between glycemic control (HbA1c) and functional capacity (VO2max) in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). A systematic literature search was conducted in EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ISI Web of Knowledge for publications from January 1950 until July 2020. Randomized and observational controlled trials with a minimum number of three participants were included if cardio-pulmonary exercise tests to determine VO2max and HbA1c measurement has been performed. Pooled mean values were estimated for VO2max and HbA1c and weighted Pearson correlation and meta-regression were performed to assess the association between these parameters. We included 187 studies with a total of 3278 individuals with T1DM. The pooled mean HbA1c value was 8.1% (95%CI; 7.9−8.3%), and relative VO2max was 38.5 mL/min/kg (37.3−39.6). The pooled mean VO2max was significantly lower (36.9 vs. 40.7, p = 0.001) in studies reporting a mean HbA1c > 7.5% compared to studies with a mean HbA1c ≤ 7.5%. Weighted Pearson correlation coefficient was r = −0.19 (p < 0.001) between VO2max and HbA1c. Meta-regression adjusted for age and sex showed a significant decrease of −0.94 mL/min/kg in VO2max per HbA1c increase of 1% (p = 0.024). In conclusion, we were able to determine a statistically significant correlation between HbA1c and VO2max in individuals with T1DM. However, as the correlation was only weak, the association of HbA1c and VO2max might not be of clinical relevance in individuals with T1DM.
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3
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Maximal Oxygen Uptake, VO 2 Max, Testing Effect on Blood Glucose Level in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095543. [PMID: 35564936 PMCID: PMC9102981 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Assessing maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) is generally considered safe when performed properly for most adolescents; however, for adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), monitoring glucose levels before and after exercise is critical to maintaining euglycemic ranges. Limited guidance exists for glucose level recommendations for the pediatric population; therefore, the purpose of this retrospective clinical chart review study was to determine the effects of VO2 max testing on blood glucose levels for adolescents with T1DM. A total of 22 adolescents (mean age = 15.6 ± 1.8 years; male = 13, 59.1%) with a diagnosis of T1DM participated in a Bruce protocol for VO2 max from January 2019 through February 2020. A statistically significant reduction in glucose levels between pretest (<30 min, mean = 191.1 mg/dL ± 61.2) and post-test VO2 max (<5 min, mean = 166.7 mg/dL ± 57.9); t(21) = 2.3, p < 0.05) was detected. The results from this current study can help guide health and fitness professionals in formulating glycemic management strategies in preparatory activities prior to exercise testing and during exercise testing.
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4
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Daskalaki E, Parkinson A, Brew-Sam N, Hossain MZ, O'Neal D, Nolan CJ, Suominen H. The Potential of Current Noninvasive Wearable Technology for the Monitoring of Physiological Signals in the Management of Type 1 Diabetes: Literature Survey. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e28901. [PMID: 35394448 PMCID: PMC9034434 DOI: 10.2196/28901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Monitoring glucose and other parameters in persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D) can enhance acute glycemic management and the diagnosis of long-term complications of the disease. For most persons living with T1D, the determination of insulin delivery is based on a single measured parameter—glucose. To date, wearable sensors exist that enable the seamless, noninvasive, and low-cost monitoring of multiple physiological parameters. Objective The objective of this literature survey is to explore whether some of the physiological parameters that can be monitored with noninvasive, wearable sensors may be used to enhance T1D management. Methods A list of physiological parameters, which can be monitored by using wearable sensors available in 2020, was compiled by a thorough review of the devices available in the market. A literature survey was performed using search terms related to T1D combined with the identified physiological parameters. The selected publications were restricted to human studies, which had at least their abstracts available. The PubMed and Scopus databases were interrogated. In total, 77 articles were retained and analyzed based on the following two axes: the reported relations between these parameters and T1D, which were found by comparing persons with T1D and healthy control participants, and the potential areas for T1D enhancement via the further analysis of the found relationships in studies working within T1D cohorts. Results On the basis of our search methodology, 626 articles were returned, and after applying our exclusion criteria, 77 (12.3%) articles were retained. Physiological parameters with potential for monitoring by using noninvasive wearable devices in persons with T1D included those related to cardiac autonomic function, cardiorespiratory control balance and fitness, sudomotor function, and skin temperature. Cardiac autonomic function measures, particularly the indices of heart rate and heart rate variability, have been shown to be valuable in diagnosing and monitoring cardiac autonomic neuropathy and, potentially, predicting and detecting hypoglycemia. All identified physiological parameters were shown to be associated with some aspects of diabetes complications, such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy, as well as macrovascular disease, with capacity for early risk prediction. However, although they can be monitored by available wearable sensors, most studies have yet to adopt them, as opposed to using more conventional devices. Conclusions Wearable sensors have the potential to augment T1D sensing with additional, informative biomarkers, which can be monitored noninvasively, seamlessly, and continuously. However, significant challenges associated with measurement accuracy, removal of noise and motion artifacts, and smart decision-making exist. Consequently, research should focus on harvesting the information hidden in the complex data generated by wearable sensors and on developing models and smart decision strategies to optimize the incorporation of these novel inputs into T1D interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Daskalaki
- School of Computing, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Anne Parkinson
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Nicola Brew-Sam
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Md Zakir Hossain
- School of Computing, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Bioprediction Activity, Commonwealth Industrial and Scientific Research Organisation, Canberra, Australia
| | - David O'Neal
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher J Nolan
- Australian National University Medical School and John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Autralian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia
| | - Hanna Suominen
- School of Computing, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Data61, Commonwealth Industrial and Scientific Research Organisation, Canberra, Australia.,Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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5
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Defeudis G, Mazzilli R, Tenuta M, Rossini G, Zamponi V, Olana S, Faggiano A, Pozzilli P, Isidori AM, Gianfrilli D. Erectile dysfunction and diabetes: A melting pot of circumstances and treatments. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3494. [PMID: 34514697 PMCID: PMC9286480 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disease characterised by elevated levels of blood glucose, is among the most common chronic diseases. The incidence and prevalence of DM have been increasing over the years. The complications of DM represent a serious health problem. The long-term complications include macroangiopathy, microangiopathy and neuropathy as well as sexual dysfunction (SD) in both men and women. Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been considered the most important SD in men with DM. The prevalence of ED is approximately 3.5-fold higher in men with DM than in those without DM. Common risk factors for the development of DM and its complications include sedentary lifestyle, overweight/obesity and increased caloric consumption. Although lifestyle changes may help improve sexual function, specific treatments are often needed. This study aims to review the definition and prevalence of ED in DM, the impact of DM complications and DM treatment on ED and, finally, the current and emerging therapies for ED in patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Defeudis
- Unit of Endocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Rossella Mazzilli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Marta Tenuta
- Department of Experimental MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Giovanni Rossini
- Unit of Endocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Virginia Zamponi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Soraya Olana
- Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Antongiulio Faggiano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Unit of Endocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Andrea M. Isidori
- Department of Experimental MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
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6
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McCarthy O, Pitt J, Wellman B, Eckstein ML, Moser O, Bain SC, Bracken RM. Blood Glucose Responses during Cardiopulmonary Incremental Exercise Testing in Type 1 Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:1142-1150. [PMID: 33315813 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the glycemic responses to cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to explore the influence of starting blood glucose (BG) concentrations on subsequent CPET outcomes. METHODS This study was a retrospective, secondary analysis of pooled data from three randomized crossover trials using identical CPET protocols. During cycling, cardiopulmonary variables were measured continuously, with BG and lactate values obtained minutely via capillary earlobe sampling. Anaerobic threshold was determined using ventilatory parameters. Participants were split into (i) euglycemic ([Eu] >3.9 to ≤10.0 mmol·L-1, n = 26) and (ii) hyperglycemic ([Hyper] >10.0 mmol·L-1, n = 10) groups based on preexercise BG concentrations. Data were assessed via general linear modeling techniques and regression analyses. P values of ≤0.05 were accepted as significant. RESULTS Data from 36 individuals with T1D (HbA1c, 7.3% ± 1.1% [56.0 ± 11.5 mmol·mol-1]) were included. BG remained equivalent to preexercise concentrations throughout CPET, with an overall change in BG of -0.32 ± 1.43 mmol·L-1. Hyper had higher HR at peak (+10 ± 2 bpm, P = 0.04) and during recovery (+9 ± 2 bpm, P = 0.038) as well as lower O2 pulse during the cool down period (-1.6 ± 0.04 mL per beat, P = 0.021). BG responses were comparable between glycemic groups. Higher preexercise BG led to greater lactate formation during exercise. HbA1c was inversely related to time to exhaustion (r = -0.388, P = 0.04) as well as peak power output (r = -0.355, P = 0.006) and O2 pulse (r = -0.308, P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated 1) stable BG responses to CPET in patients with T1D; 2) although preexercise hyperglycemia did not influence subsequent glycemic dynamics, it did potentiate alterations in various cardiac and metabolic responses to CPET; and 3) HbA1c was a significant factor in the determination of peak performance outcomes during CPET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia McCarthy
- Applied Sport, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Jason Pitt
- Applied Sport, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Ben Wellman
- Applied Sport, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | - Stephen C Bain
- Diabetes Research Group, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UNITED KINGDOM
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7
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Eckstein ML, Farinha JB, McCarthy O, West DJ, Yardley JE, Bally L, Zueger T, Stettler C, Boff W, Reischak-Oliveira A, Riddell MC, Zaharieva DP, Pieber TR, Müller A, Birnbaumer P, Aziz F, Brugnara L, Haahr H, Zijlstra E, Heise T, Sourij H, Roden M, Hofmann P, Bracken RM, Pesta D, Moser O. Differences in Physiological Responses to Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Adults With and Without Type 1 Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:240-247. [PMID: 33184152 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate physiological responses to cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) testing in adults with type 1 diabetes compared with age-, sex-, and BMI-matched control participants without type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We compared results from CPX tests on a cycle ergometer in individuals with type 1 diabetes and control participants without type 1 diabetes. Parameters were peak and threshold variables of VO2, heart rate, and power output. Differences between groups were investigated through restricted maximum likelihood modeling and post hoc tests. Differences between groups were explained by stepwise linear regressions (P < 0.05). RESULTS Among 303 individuals with type 1 diabetes (age 33 [interquartile range 22; 43] years, 93 females, BMI 23.6 [22; 26] kg/m2, HbA1c 6.9% [6.2; 7.7%] [52 (44; 61) mmol/mol]), VO2peak (32.55 [26.49; 38.72] vs. 42.67 ± 10.44 mL/kg/min), peak heart rate (179 [170; 187] vs. 184 [175; 191] beats/min), and peak power (216 [171; 253] vs. 245 [200; 300] W) were lower compared with 308 control participants without type 1 diabetes (all P < 0.001). Individuals with type 1 diabetes displayed an impaired degree and direction of the heart rate-to-performance curve compared with control participants without type 1 diabetes (0.07 [-0.75; 1.09] vs. 0.66 [-0.28; 1.45]; P < 0.001). None of the exercise physiological responses were associated with HbA1c in individuals with type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with type 1 diabetes show altered responses to CPX testing, which cannot be explained by HbA1c. Intriguingly, the participants in our cohort were people with recent-onset type 1 diabetes; heart rate dynamics were altered during CPX testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max L Eckstein
- Cardiovascular Diabetology Research Group, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Juliano Boufleur Farinha
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Olivia McCarthy
- Applied Sport, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, U.K
| | - Daniel J West
- Population Health Science Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - Jane E Yardley
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Augustana Faculty, University of Alberta, Camrose, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lia Bally
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Zueger
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Stettler
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Winston Boff
- Institute for Children with Diabetes, Conceição Hospital Group, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Reischak-Oliveira
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Michael C Riddell
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dessi P Zaharieva
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Thomas R Pieber
- Cardiovascular Diabetology Research Group, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Müller
- Cardiovascular Diabetology Research Group, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Exercise Physiology, Training & Training Therapy Research Group, Institute of Sports Science, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Birnbaumer
- Exercise Physiology, Training & Training Therapy Research Group, Institute of Sports Science, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Faisal Aziz
- Cardiovascular Diabetology Research Group, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Laura Brugnara
- CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders and IDIBAPS-August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute/Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Harald Sourij
- Cardiovascular Diabetology Research Group, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Hofmann
- Exercise Physiology, Training & Training Therapy Research Group, Institute of Sports Science, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Richard M Bracken
- Applied Sport, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, U.K
| | - Dominik Pesta
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Othmar Moser
- Cardiovascular Diabetology Research Group, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria .,Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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8
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Francis K, Williamson T, Kelly P, Phillips SM. Continuous walking and time- and intensity-matched interval walking: Cardiometabolic demand and post-exercise enjoyment in insufficiently active, healthy adults. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:23-30. [PMID: 32755427 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1803717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We compared cardiometabolic demand and post-exercise enjoyment between continuous walking (CW) and time- and intensity-matched interval walking (IW) in insufficiently active adults. Sixteen individuals (13 females and three males, age 25.3 ± 11.1 years) completed one CW and one IW session lasting 30 min in a randomised-counterbalanced design. For CW, participants walked at a mean intensity of 65-70% predicted maximum heart rate (HRmax). For IW, participants alternated between 3 min at 80% HRmax and 2 min at 50% HRmax. Expired gas was measured throughout each protocol. Participants rated post-exercise enjoyment following each protocol. Mean HR and V˙O2 showed small positive differences in IW vs. CW (2, 95%CL 0, 4 beat.min-1; d = 0.23, 95%CL 0.06, 0.41 and 1.4, 95%CL 1.2 ml.kg-1.min-1, d = 0.36, 95%CL 0.05, 0.65, respectively). There was a medium positive difference in overall kcal expenditure in IW vs. CW (25, 95%CL 7 kcal, d = 0.58, 95%CL 0.33, 0.82). Post-exercise enjoyment was moderately greater following IW vs. CW (9.1, 95%CL 1.4, 16.8 AU, d = 0.62, 95%CL 0.06, 0.90), with 75% of participants reporting IW as more enjoyable. Interval walking elicits meaningfully greater energy expenditure and is more enjoyable than CW in insufficiently active, healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Francis
- Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tom Williamson
- Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Kelly
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shaun M Phillips
- Human Performance Science Research Group, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
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9
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Farinha JB, Boff W, Dos Santos GC, Boeno FP, Ramis TR, Vieira AF, Macedo RCO, Rodrigues-Krause J, Reischak-Oliveira A. Acute glycemic responses along 10-week high-intensity training protocols in type 1 diabetes patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 153:111-113. [PMID: 31195026 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycemic fluctuations were compared throughout 10-week high-intensity training protocols in T1DM patients. Differences were compared using the rate of change in glycaemia during exercise (RoCE). HIIT sessions led to lower RoCE in most weeks than other training protocols. The occurrence of level 1 hypoglycemia along sessions were similar among interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Boufleur Farinha
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90690-200, Brazil.
| | - Winston Boff
- Institute for Children with Diabetes, Conceição Hospital Group, 529 Álvares Cabral Street, Porto Alegre 91350-250, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Cristina Dos Santos
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90690-200, Brazil
| | - Francesco Pinto Boeno
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90690-200, Brazil
| | - Thiago Rozales Ramis
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90690-200, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Ferreira Vieira
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90690-200, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cauduro Oliveira Macedo
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90690-200, Brazil
| | - Josianne Rodrigues-Krause
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90690-200, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Reischak-Oliveira
- Program of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance (ESEFID), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 750 Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90690-200, Brazil
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10
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Capillary glycaemia responses to strength exercises performed before or after high-intensity interval exercise in Type 1 diabetes under real-life settings. Complement Ther Med 2018; 40:116-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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11
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Miele EM, Headley SAE. The Effects of Chronic Aerobic Exercise on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Persons with Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Diab Rep 2017; 17:97. [PMID: 28900818 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-017-0927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Aerobic exercise training is a component of diabetes mellitus (DM) care guidelines due to its favorable effects on glycemic control and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. The purpose of this review is to outline the recent evidence regarding the clinical effects of chronic aerobic exercise on CVD risk factors in persons with DM and to compare the effects of varying intensities and types of exercise. RECENT FINDINGS Among individuals with DM, all types of aerobic exercise training can impact positively on some traditional and non-traditional risk factors for CVD. Training programs with a higher volume or intensity induce greater improvements in vascular function, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and lipid profiles. The beneficial outcomes of aerobic training include improvements in glycemic control, endothelial function, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, myocardial function, adiposity, and CRF. Findings regarding markers of inflammation are discrepant and further research should focus on the role of exercise to impact upon the chronic inflammation associated with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Miele
- Exercise Science and Sport Studies, Springfield College, 263 Alden St, Springfield, MA, 01119, USA
| | - Samuel A E Headley
- Exercise Science and Sport Studies, Springfield College, 263 Alden St, Springfield, MA, 01119, USA.
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Moser O, Eckstein ML, McCarthy O, Deere R, Bain SC, Haahr HL, Zijlstra E, Bracken RM. Poor glycaemic control is associated with reduced exercise performance and oxygen economy during cardio-pulmonary exercise testing in people with type 1 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2017; 9:93. [PMID: 29201153 PMCID: PMC5697085 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-017-0294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the impact of glycaemic control (HbA1c) on functional capacity during cardio-pulmonary exercise testing in people with type 1 diabetes. METHODS Sixty-four individuals with type 1 diabetes (age: 34 ± 8 years; 13 females, HbA1c: 7.8 ± 1% (62 ± 13 mmol/mol), duration of diabetes: 17 ± 9 years) performed a cardio-pulmonary cycle ergometer exercise test until volitional exhaustion. Stepwise linear regression was used to explore relationships between HbA1c and cardio-respiratory data with p ≤ 0.05. Furthermore, participants were divided into quartiles based on HbA1c levels and cardio-respiratory data were analysed by one-way ANOVA. Multiple regression analysis was performed to explore the relationships between changes in time to exhaustion and cardio-respiratory data. Data were adjusted for confounder. RESULTS HbA1c was related to time to exhaustion and oxygen consumption at the power output elicited at the sub-maximal threshold of the heart rate turn point (r = 0.47, R2 = 0.22, p = 0.03). Significant differences were found at time to exhaustion between QI vs. QIV and at oxygen consumption at the power output elicited at the heart rate turn point between QI vs. QII and QI vs. QIV (p < 0.05). Changes in oxygen uptake, power output and in oxygen consumption at the power output elicited at the heart rate turn point and at maximum power output explained 55% of the variance in time to exhaustion (r = 0.74, R2 = 0.55, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Poor glycaemic control is related to less economical use of oxygen at sub-maximal work rates and an earlier time to exhaustion during cardio-pulmonary exercise testing. However, exercise training could have the same potential to counteract the influence of poor glycaemic control on functional capacity. Trial registration NCT01704417. Date of registration: October 11, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othmar Moser
- Diabetes Research Group, Medical School, Swansea University, SA2 8PP Swansea, UK
- Applied Sport, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Fabian Way, Crymlyn Burrows, Skewen, SA1 8EN Swansea, UK
| | - Max L. Eckstein
- Diabetes Research Group, Medical School, Swansea University, SA2 8PP Swansea, UK
- Applied Sport, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Fabian Way, Crymlyn Burrows, Skewen, SA1 8EN Swansea, UK
| | - Olivia McCarthy
- Diabetes Research Group, Medical School, Swansea University, SA2 8PP Swansea, UK
- Applied Sport, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Fabian Way, Crymlyn Burrows, Skewen, SA1 8EN Swansea, UK
| | - Rachel Deere
- Diabetes Research Group, Medical School, Swansea University, SA2 8PP Swansea, UK
- Applied Sport, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Fabian Way, Crymlyn Burrows, Skewen, SA1 8EN Swansea, UK
| | - Stephen C. Bain
- Diabetes Research Group, Medical School, Swansea University, SA2 8PP Swansea, UK
| | - Hanne L. Haahr
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Vandtårnsvej 108, 2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | | | - Richard M. Bracken
- Diabetes Research Group, Medical School, Swansea University, SA2 8PP Swansea, UK
- Applied Sport, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Fabian Way, Crymlyn Burrows, Skewen, SA1 8EN Swansea, UK
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