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Wang G, Chen Z, Jing X, Yi X, Zou J, Feng P, Zhang H, Liu Y. Ultrastable and supersensitive conductive hydrogels conferred by "sodium alginate stencil" anchoring strategy. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 335:122048. [PMID: 38616087 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Although conductive hydrogels have been widely developed currently, their low sensitivity and poor stability severely limited their practical application in flexible wearable devices. Herein, a green "stencil" anchoring strategy was proposed in this study to engineer an ultra-stable and supersensitive hydrogel by virtue of polydopamine decorating sodium alginate molecular chains as "stencil" to anchor polyaniline as conductive component. The dispersion of polyaniline was significantly improved by the sodium alginate "stencil" in the conductive hydrogel. The developed conductive hydrogel exhibited outstanding properties that outperformed most conventional ones, including extraordinary sensitivity with a gauge factor of 38.2 and excellent stability with negligible shifting upon long-term cyclic stretching. Moreover, the conductive hydrogel displayed great self-adhesion and reliable self-healing performance endowed by its abundant catechol groups, hydrogen bondings and π-π stackings, respectively. Furthermore, the prepared hydrogel was also assembled as flexible strain and self-powered sensors, which displayed excellent sensing performance, indicating great potential in human-machine interactions, information transmission and road transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Xin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.
| | - Xijian Yi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Peiyong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yuejun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.
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2
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Zhao X, Sun J, Wang Y, Wang X, Fu B. Ag/MXene as Saturable Absorber for Tm:Ho Co-Doped Q-Switched Fiber Laser. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:951. [PMID: 38869576 DOI: 10.3390/nano14110951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Q-switched fiber lasers have become reliable light sources for generating high-energy pulses, which can be passively modulated by saturable absorbers with excellent nonlinear optical properties. The composite combining Ag and MXene exhibits a broadband nonlinear response and high modulation depth, making it a promising candidate for saturable absorbers in pulsed lasers. Herein, we demonstrate a Q-switched Tm:Ho co-doped fiber laser centered at 2 µm, where the Ag/MXene composite serves as a saturable absorber to generate pulses. The typical spectrum, pulse train, and radio frequency spectrum of Q-switched pulses were observed, in which the 60 dB signal-to-noise ratio was higher than that of 2 µm Q-switched fiber lasers based on other materials, demonstrating the stability of the output pulses. Additionally, the long-term stability of the laser was evaluated over 2 h, where the well-maintained central wavelength and output power also indicated the robustness of the Q-switched laser. Furthermore, the influence of the pump power on the parameters of Q-switched pulses was also investigated, which is conducive to control the output characteristics of lasers. Specifically, the pulse width of the Q-switched pulse decreased, while the repetition rate, output power, and single pulse energy all increased with the increase in pump power. These experimental results demonstrate the ability of Ag/MXene as a saturable absorber and show its potential for generating high-performance pulses in ultrafast lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingxuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yachen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Bo X, Zhao H, Valencia A, Liu F, Li W, Daoud WA. Surfactant Self-Assembly Enhances Tribopositivity of Stretchable Ionic Conductors for Wearable Energy Harvesting and Motion Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403905. [PMID: 38806154 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Boosting stretchability and electric output is critical for high-performance wearable triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG). Herein, for the first time, a new approach for tuning the composition of surface functional groups through surfactant self-assembly to improve the tribopositivity, where the assembly increases the transferred charge density and the relative permittivity of water polyurethane (WPU). Incorporating bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI-) and alkali metal ions into a mixture of WPU and the surfactant forms a stretchable film that simultaneously functions as positive tribolayer and electrode, preventing the conventional detachment of tribolayer and electrode in long term usage. Further, the conductivity of the crosslinked film reaches 3.3 × 10-3 mS cm-1 while the elongation at break reaches 362%. Moreover, the surfactant self-assembly impedes the adverse impact of the fluorine-containing groups on tribopositivity. Consequently, the charge density reaches 155 µC m-2, being the highest recorded for WPU and stretchable ionic conductor based TENG. This work introduces a novel approach for boosting the output charge density while avoiding the adverse effect of ionic salts in solid conductors through a universal surfactant self-assembly strategy, which can be extended to other materials. Further, the device is used to monitor and harvest the kinetic energy of human body motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Bo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Agnes Valencia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weilu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Walid A Daoud
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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4
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Li C, Yun T, Tao Y, Lu J, Li C, Du J, Wang H. Constructing high-density crack-microstructures within MXene interlayers for ultrasensitive and superhydrophobic cellulosic fibers-based sensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129488. [PMID: 38242390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Incorporating biopolymers into two-dimensional transition metal carbides and/or nitrides (2D MXene) has been demonstrated as an effective strategy to improve the mechanical behaviors of MXene-based composites. However, the insulate nature of biopolymers inevitably deteriorated the electrical conductivity and the sensitivity of assembled sensors. Herein, a novel cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/MXene/carbon black (CB) composite was demonstrated as the conductive layer in eco-friendly cellulose paper-based sensors by intercalating the CB into the MXene/CNF interlayer, followed by coating hydrophobic SiO2 for encapsulation. Befitting from the high-density crack-microstructures between CB and MXene, the fabricated superhydrophobic paper CB/CNF/MXene/SiO2 sensor delivered ultrahigh sensitivity of 729.52 kPa-1, low detect limit of 0.29 Pa, rapid response time of 80 ms and excellent stability over 10,000 cycles. Moreover, the fabricated sensor was capable of detecting the physiological parameter of human (e.g. huge/subtle movements) and spatial pressure distribution. Furthermore, the presence of SiO2 layer endowed the sensor with superhydrophobic performance (water contact angle ∼158.2 o) and stable electrical signals under high moisture conditions or even under water. Our work proposed a novel strategy to boost the sensitivity of MXene-based conductive layer in flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Tongtong Yun
- Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering, Yueyang Forest & Paper Co. Ltd., Hunan 414002, China
| | - Yehan Tao
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Chaoxu Li
- Group of Biomimetic Smart Materials, CAS Key Lab of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Songling Road 189, Qingdao 266101, China; Center of Material and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jian Du
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Haisong Wang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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Zhao Y, Deng C, Yan B, Yang Q, Gu Y, Guo R, Lan J, Chen S. One-Step Method for Fabricating Janus Aramid Nanofiber/MXene Nanocomposite Films with Improved Joule Heating and Thermal Camouflage Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:55150-55162. [PMID: 37967290 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The integration of ultraflexible and mechanically robust films with electric heaters and camouflage technology provides a promising platform for the development of wearable devices, especially for aerospace and military applications. Herein, we present a facile and efficient one-step vacuum-assisted filtration method for fabricating Janus films based on aramid nanofibers (ANF) and Ti3C2Tx (MXene). The ANF/MXene nanocomposite film exhibits remarkable properties, including high conductivity (23809.5 S/m), excellent mechanical strength (102.54 MPa), and outstanding thermal stability (575 °C). Most notably, the Janus ANF/MXene composite film demonstrates superior Joule heating performance with a low driving voltage (1-5 V), high heating temperature (30-276 °C), and rapid response time (within 5 s). Additionally, the film exhibits effective thermal camouflage (72 °C for objects with temperatures above 163 °C) and excellent electromagnetic interference shielding properties (SSE/t = 32475.6 dB cm2/g). These results demonstrate that Janus ANF/MXene films possess a unique combination of thermal camouflage, Joule heating, and electromagnetic interference shielding properties, making them highly promising for wearable devices, high-performance electrical heating, infrared stealth, and security protection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Zhao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Cong Deng
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bin Yan
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qin Yang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yingchun Gu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ronghui Guo
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jianwu Lan
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Ye X, Zhang X, Zhou X, Wang G. Asymmetric and Flexible Ag-MXene/ANFs Composite Papers for Electromagnetic Shielding and Thermal Management. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2608. [PMID: 37764637 PMCID: PMC10536414 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Lightweight, flexible, and electrically conductive thin films with high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness and excellent thermal management capability are ideal for portable and flexible electronic devices. Herein, the asymmetric and multilayered structure Ag-MXene/ANFs composite papers (AMAGM) were fabricated based on Ag-MXene hybrids and aramid nanofibers (ANFs) via a self-reduction and alternating vacuum-assisted filtration process. The resultant AMAGM composite papers exhibit high electrical conductivity of 248,120 S m-1, excellent mechanical properties with tensile strength of 124.21 MPa and fracture strain of 4.98%, superior EMI shielding effectiveness (62 dB), ultra-high EMI SE/t (11,923 dB cm2 g-1) and outstanding EMI SE reliability as high as 96.1% even after 5000 cycles of bending deformation benefiting from the unique structure and the 3D network at a thickness of 34 μm. Asymmetric structures play an important role in regulating reflection and absorption of electromagnetic waves. In addition, the multifunctional nanocomposite papers reveal outstanding thermal management performances such as ultrafast thermal response, high heating temperatures at low operation voltage, and high heating stability. The results indicate that the AMAGM composite papers have excellent potential for high-integration electromagnetic shielding, wearable electronics, artificial intelligence, and high-performance heating devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoai Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.Y.)
| | - Xu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.Y.)
| | - Xinsheng Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.Y.)
| | - Guigen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.Y.)
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
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Pabba DP, Satthiyaraju M, Ramasdoss A, Sakthivel P, Chidhambaram N, Dhanabalan S, Abarzúa CV, Morel MJ, Udayabhaskar R, Mangalaraja RV, Aepuru R, Kamaraj SK, Murugesan PK, Thirumurugan A. MXene-Based Nanocomposites for Piezoelectric and Triboelectric Energy Harvesting Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1273. [PMID: 37374858 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Due to its superior advantages in terms of electronegativity, metallic conductivity, mechanical flexibility, customizable surface chemistry, etc., 2D MXenes for nanogenerators have demonstrated significant progress. In order to push scientific design strategies for the practical application of nanogenerators from the viewpoints of the basic aspect and recent advancements, this systematic review covers the most recent developments of MXenes for nanogenerators in its first section. In the second section, the importance of renewable energy and an introduction to nanogenerators, major classifications, and their working principles are discussed. At the end of this section, various materials used for energy harvesting and frequent combos of MXene with other active materials are described in detail together with the essential framework of nanogenerators. In the third, fourth, and fifth sections, the materials used for nanogenerators, MXene synthesis along with its properties, and MXene nanocomposites with polymeric materials are discussed in detail with the recent progress and challenges for their use in nanogenerator applications. In the sixth section, a thorough discussion of the design strategies and internal improvement mechanisms of MXenes and the composite materials for nanogenerators with 3D printing technologies are presented. Finally, we summarize the key points discussed throughout this review and discuss some thoughts on potential approaches for nanocomposite materials based on MXenes that could be used in nanogenerators for better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Prasad Pabba
- Departamento de Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Tecnologica Metropolitana, Santiago 8330378, Chile
| | - Mani Satthiyaraju
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kathir College of Engineering, Coimbatore 641062, India
| | - Ananthakumar Ramasdoss
- School for Advanced Research in Polymers (SARP), Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering & Technology (CIPET), T.V.K. Industrial Estate, Guindy, Chennai 600032, India
| | - Pandurengan Sakthivel
- Centre for Materials Science, Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, India
| | - Natarajan Chidhambaram
- Department of Physics, Rajah Serfoji Government College (Autonomous), Thanjavur 613005, India
| | - Shanmugasundar Dhanabalan
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | | | - Mauricio J Morel
- Departamento de Química y Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó 1531772, Chile
| | - Rednam Udayabhaskar
- Departamento de Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Tecnologica Metropolitana, Santiago 8330378, Chile
| | | | - Radhamanohar Aepuru
- Departamento de Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Tecnologica Metropolitana, Santiago 8330378, Chile
| | - Sathish-Kumar Kamaraj
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Unidad Altamira (CICATA Altamira), Altamira 89600, Mexico
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8
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Zhang C, Zhang Y, Gu X, Ma C, Wang Y, Peng J, Zhai M, Kuang M, Ma H, Zhang X. Radiation synthesis of MXene/Ag nanoparticle hybrids for efficient photothermal conversion of polyurethane films. RSC Adv 2023; 13:15157-15164. [PMID: 37213340 PMCID: PMC10193123 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02799f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexible conductive films based on light-to-heat conversion are promising for the next-generation electronic devices. A flexible waterborne polyurethane composite film (PU/MA) with excellent photothermal conversion performance was obtained by combination of PU and silver nanoparticle decorated MXene (MX/Ag). The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) uniformly decorated on the MXene surface by γ-ray irradiation induced reduction. Because of the synergistic effect of MXene with outstanding light-to-heat conversion efficiency and the AgNPs with plasmonic effect, the surface temperature of the PU/MA-II (0.4%) composite with lower MXene content increased from room temperature to 60.7 °C at 5 min under 85 mW cm-2 light irradiation. Besides, the tensile strength of PU/MA-II (0.4%) increased from 20.9 MPa (pure PU) to 27.5 MPa. The flexible PU/MA composite film shows great potential in the field of thermal management of flexible wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials Beijing 100095 China
| | - Xiaoxia Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Cankun Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Applied Chemistry and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jing Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Applied Chemistry and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Maolin Zhai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Applied Chemistry and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Minxuan Kuang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Huiling Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xiuqin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology Beijing 100029 China
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9
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Chai C, Ma L, Chu Y, Li W, Qian Y, Hao J. Extreme-environment-adapted eutectogel mediated by heterostructure for epidermic sensor and underwater communication. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 638:439-448. [PMID: 36758256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, gel-based ion conductor has been widely considered in wearable electronics because of the favorable flexibility and conductivity. However, it is of vital importance, yet rather challenging to adapt the gel for underwater and dry conditions. Herein, an anti-swelling and anti-drying, intrinsic conductor eutectogel is designed via a one-step radical polymerization of acrylic acid and 2, 2, 2‑trifluoroethyl methacrylate in binary deep eutectic solvents (DESs) medium. On the one hand, the synergistic effects of hydrophilic/hydrophobic heteronetworks can elicit the integrity stability of eutectogel in liquid environment. It is proved that both the mechanical property and conductivity are maintained after immersing in different salt, alkaline and acid solution and organic solvent for one month. On the other hand, the eutectogel inherits well conductivity (93 mS/m), anti-drying and antibacterial properties from DESs. Based on the above features, the resulting eutectogel can be assembled as smart sensor for stable information transmission in air and underwater with fast response time (1 s), high sensitivity (Gauge factor = 1.991) and long-time reproducibility (500 cycles, 70 % strain). Considering the simple preparation and integration of multiple functions, the binary cooperative complementary principle can provide insights into the development of next-generation conductive soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Chai
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yiran Chu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuzhen Qian
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai 264000, China.
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10
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Chen J, Ma G, Gong B, Deng C, Zhang M, Guo K, Cui R, Wu Y, Lv M, Wang X. Bulk Photovoltaic Current Mechanisms in All-Inorganic Perovskite Multiferroic Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:429. [PMID: 36770390 PMCID: PMC9920813 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
After the discovery of bulk photovoltaic effect more than half a century ago, ferro-electrical and magneto-optical experiments have provided insights into various related topics, revealing above bandgap open voltages and non-central symmetrical current mechanisms. However, the nature of the photon-generated carriers responses and their microscopic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, all-inorganic perovskite Bi0.85Gd0.15Fe1-xMnxO3 thin films were prepared by a sol-gel process and the effects of Gd and Mn co-doped bismuth ferrites on their microtopography, grain boundries, multiferroic, and optical properties were studied. We discovered a simple "proof of principle" type new method that by one-step measuring the leakage current, one can demonstrate the value of photo generated current being the sum of ballistic current and shift current, which are combined to form the so-called bulk photovoltaic current, and can be related to the prototype intrinsic properties such as magneto-optical coupling and ferroelectric polarization. This result has significant potential influence on design principles for engineering multiferroic optoelectronic devices and future photovoltaic industry development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Composite Materials of Guizhou Province, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Guobin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Functional Composite Materials of Guizhou Province, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
| | | | - Chaoyong Deng
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Composite Materials of Guizhou Province, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Kaixin Guo
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Ruirui Cui
- Key Laboratory of Functional Composite Materials of Guizhou Province, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Yunkai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Composite Materials of Guizhou Province, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Menglan Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Composite Materials of Guizhou Province, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China
- Guiyang Makers Center, Guizhou 550025, China
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11
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MXene-based flexible pressure sensor with piezoresistive properties significantly enhanced by atomic layer infiltration. NANO MATERIALS SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Preparation of superhydrophobic conductive CNT/PDMS film on paper by foam spraying method. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Tan D, Zeng Q, Wang X, Yuan S, Luo Y, Zhang X, Tan L, Hu C, Liu G. Anti-Overturning Fully Symmetrical Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on an Elliptic Cylindrical Structure for All-Weather Blue Energy Harvesting. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:124. [PMID: 35543758 PMCID: PMC9095809 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00866-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have shown promising potential for large-scale blue energy harvesting. However, the lack of reasonable designs has largely hindered TENG from harvesting energy from both rough and tranquil seas. Herein, a fully symmetrical triboelectric nanogenerator based on an elliptical cylindrical structure (EC-TENG) is proposed for all-weather blue energy harvesting. The novel elliptical cylindrical shell provides a unique self-stability, high sensitivity to wave triggering, and most importantly, an anti-overturning capability for the EC-TENG. Moreover, benefiting from its internal symmetrical design, the EC-TENG can produce energy normally, even if it was overturned under a rude oscillation in the rough seas, which distinguishes this work from previous reported TENGs. The working mechanism and output performance are systematically studied. The as-fabricated EC-TENG is capable of lighting 400 light-emitting diodes and driving small electronics. More than that, an automatic monitoring system powered by the EC-TENG can also monitor the water level in real-time and provide an alarm if necessary. This work presents an innovative and reliable approach toward all-weather wave energy harvesting in actual marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dujuan Tan
- Department of Applied Physics, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Qixuan Zeng
- Department of Applied Physics, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Songlei Yuan
- Department of Applied Physics, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Luo
- Department of Applied Physics, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Tan
- Department of Applied Physics, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenguo Hu
- Department of Applied Physics, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanlin Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
- Center On Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Parihar A, Singhal A, Kumar N, Khan R, Khan MA, Srivastava AK. Next-Generation Intelligent MXene-Based Electrochemical Aptasensors for Point-of-Care Cancer Diagnostics. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:100. [PMID: 35403935 PMCID: PMC8995416 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Delayed diagnosis of cancer using conventional diagnostic modalities needs to be addressed to reduce the mortality rate of cancer. Recently, 2D nanomaterial-enabled advanced biosensors have shown potential towards the early diagnosis of cancer. The high surface area, surface functional groups availability, and excellent electrical conductivity of MXene make it the 2D material of choice for the fabrication of advanced electrochemical biosensors for disease diagnostics. MXene-enabled electrochemical aptasensors have shown great promise for the detection of cancer biomarkers with a femtomolar limit of detection. Additionally, the stability, ease of synthesis, good reproducibility, and high specificity offered by MXene-enabled aptasensors hold promise to be the mainstream diagnostic approach. In this review, the design and fabrication of MXene-based electrochemical aptasensors for the detection of cancer biomarkers have been discussed. Besides, various synthetic processes and useful properties of MXenes which can be tuned and optimized easily and efficiently to fabricate sensitive biosensors have been elucidated. Further, futuristic sensing applications along with challenges will be deliberated herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Parihar
- grid.465028.d0000 0000 9013 9057Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, 462026 MP India
| | - Ayushi Singhal
- grid.465028.d0000 0000 9013 9057Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, 462026 MP India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- grid.465028.d0000 0000 9013 9057Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, 462026 MP India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Raju Khan
- grid.465028.d0000 0000 9013 9057Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, 462026 MP India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Mohd. Akram Khan
- grid.465028.d0000 0000 9013 9057Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, 462026 MP India
| | - Avanish K. Srivastava
- grid.465028.d0000 0000 9013 9057Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, 462026 MP India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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15
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Zhang Z, Cao H, Quan Y, Ma R, Pentzer EB, Green MJ, Wang Q. Thermal Stability and Flammability Studies of MXene–Organic Hybrid Polystyrene Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061213. [PMID: 35335541 PMCID: PMC8954563 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Polystyrene (PS) is widely used in the plastics industry, but the application range of PS is limited due to its inherently high flammability. A variety of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have been reported to impart excellent flame retardancy to polymeric materials. In this study, a 2D nanomaterial MXene–organic hybrid (O-Ti3C2) was applied to PS as a nanofiller. Firstly, the MXene nanosheets were prepared by acid etching, intercalation, and delamination of bulk MAX (Ti3AlC2) material. These exfoliated MXene nanosheets were then functionalized using a cationic surfactant to improve the dispersibility in DMF. Even with a small loading of functionalized O-Ti3C2 (e.g., 2 wt%), the resulting PS nanocomposite (PS/O-Ti3C2) showed good thermal stability and lower flammability evidenced by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and pyrolysis-combustion flow calorimetry (PCFC). The peak heat release rate (pHRR) was significantly reduced by 32% compared to the neat PS sample. In addition, we observed that the temperature at pHRR (TpHRR) shifted to a higher temperature by 22 °C. By comparing the TGA and PCFC results between the PS/MAX and different weight ratios of PS/O-Ti3C2 nanocomposites, the thermal stability and 2D thermal- and mass-transfer barrier effect of MXene–organic hybrid nanosheets were revealed to play essential roles in delaying the polymer degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Zhang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Z.Z.); (H.C.); (Y.Q.); (R.M.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Huaixuan Cao
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Z.Z.); (H.C.); (Y.Q.); (R.M.); (M.J.G.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Yufeng Quan
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Z.Z.); (H.C.); (Y.Q.); (R.M.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Rong Ma
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Z.Z.); (H.C.); (Y.Q.); (R.M.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Emily B. Pentzer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Micah J. Green
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Z.Z.); (H.C.); (Y.Q.); (R.M.); (M.J.G.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Qingsheng Wang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Z.Z.); (H.C.); (Y.Q.); (R.M.); (M.J.G.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Li S, Xiao P, Zhou W, Liang Y, Kuo SW, Chen T. Bioinspired Nanostructured Superwetting Thin-Films in a Self-supported form Enabled "Miniature Umbrella" for Weather Monitoring and Water Rescue. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 14:32. [PMID: 34902086 PMCID: PMC8669048 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED An elastic, superhydrophobic and conductive thin film inspired by the natural self-supported superhydrophobic butterfly wings enabled by a controllable composite of assembled carbon nanotube and elastomer is fabricated. Through the adjustment of hydrophobic elastomeric coating, the surface wettability can be effectively controlled and still maintain superhydrophobic characteristics under the applied strain of 60%. The achieved film can function as a self-supported smart umbrella to sensitively monitor the day weather and perform water rescue. ABSTRACT Two-dimensional (2D) soft materials, especially in their self-supported forms, demonstrate attractive properties to realize biomimetic morphing and ultrasensitive sensing. Although extensive efforts on design of self-supported functional membranes and integrated systems have been devoted, there still remains an unexplored regime of the combination of mechanical, electrical and surface wetting properties for specific functions. Here, we report a self-supported film featured with elastic, thin, conductive and superhydrophobic characteristics. Through a well-defined surface modification strategy, the surface wettability and mechanical sensing can be effectively balanced. The resulted film can function as a smart umbrella to achieve real-time simulated raining with diverse frequencies and intensity. In addition, the integrated umbrella can even response sensitively to the sunlight and demonstrate a positively correlation of current signals with the intensity of sun illumination. Moreover, the superhydrophobic umbrella can be further employed to realize water rescue, which can take the underwater object onto water surface, load and rapidly transport the considerable weight. More importantly, the whole process of loaded objects and water flow velocity can be precisely detected. The self-supported smart umbrella can effectively monitor the weather and realize a smart water rescue, demonstrating significant potentials in multifunctional sensing and directional actuation in the presence of water. [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40820-021-00775-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, People's Republic of China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Material and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, People's Republic of China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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