Effect of diets containing commercial bioactive compounds on Salmonella Heidelberg infection in broiler chicks

Potential of saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation-derived postbiotic technology in mitigating multiple drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovars in an in vitro broiler cecal model

Diamond V Original XPC® is a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation-derived postbiotic technology (SCFP) designed to interact synergistically with the animal to provide health benefits by enhancing immune function, supporting digestive integrity and absorption, and maintaining gastrointestinal (GIT) microbial balance in the host. The current study investigated the effects of 1.25% SCFP on multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella serovars: S. Typhimurium (ATCC 14028), S. Enteritidis, S. Infantis, S. Heidelberg, S. Typhimurium DT104, and S. Reading, and shifts in cecal microbiota populations. Using an anaerobic in vitro poultry cecal model, cecal contents were inoculated with ~ 108 colony forming units (CFU) of MDR Salmonella serovars and incubated for 24 h at 37°C anaerobically. The treatments included: control group consisting of 0.2 g of crushed poultry feed, and a treatment group 0.25 g of feed +  1.25% inclusion of Original XPC® (SCFP). The SCFP significantly reduced five of the six serovars: S. Typhimurium ATCC, S. Enteritidis, S. Infantis, S. Heidelberg, and S. Reading (P <  0.05). Time significantly impacted S. Typhimurium DT104 reduction (P <  0.001). The most significant decrease was observed for S. Enteritidis (3.9 log10 CFU/mL), followed by S. Heidelberg (3.8 log10 CFU/mL), S. Infantis (3.4 log10 CFU/mL), S. Typhimurium ATCC (3 log10 CFU/mL), and S. Reading (1.8 log10 CFU/mL) compared to controls that averaged approximately 1 log10 CFU/mL reduction. Microbiota analysis at 24 h involved genomic DNA extraction, amplification using custom dual-indexed primers, and sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequencing data were analyzed using QIIME2-2021.11. S. Infantis and S. Heidelberg inoculated samples were the only groups that significantly enhanced microbial richness and evenness with SCFP addition at 24 h (P <  0.05). Pairwise comparisons revealed that samples inoculated with S. Reading and S. Typhimurium DT104 exhibited a minor change in microbial composition with SCFP, compared to other serovars that demonstrated increased microbial diversity with SCFP. Additionally, S. Infantis and S. Heidelberg inoculated samples exhibited phylogenetic diversity and microbial abundance with SCFP compared to controls at 24 h (P <  0.05). Lachnospiraceae CHKCI001 was significantly more abundant in SCFP-treated samples compared to controls (ANCOM, P <  0.05), suggesting SCFP impact on cecal fermenters and production of fermentation end products that may impact the ecosystem and inhibit pathogen growth. Although various serovars may exhibit somewhat different responses, SCFP effectively mitigated multiple MDR serovars of Salmonella under in vitro incubation conditions.

ChangQing compound relieves Eimeria tenella infection symptoms by modulating intestinal probiotic and pathogenic bacteria balance

Cecal coccidiosis is a severe and lethal parasitic disease affecting chickens, making the search for effective preventive agents free of contamination and drug resistance crucial for controlling this condition in poultry. Previous studies have demonstrated that the ChangQing compound has significant therapeutic effects against cecal coccidiosis; however, its potential as a preventive measure has yet to be evaluated. In this study, we established an experimental model for the prevention of cecal coccidiosis in chickens using the ChangQing compound for the first time. A comprehensive evaluation was performed on survival rates, relative weight gain, oocyst production, the anticoccidial index (ACI), immune parameters, parasitic tissue pathology, and microbial diversity in cecal contents. Results indicated that the ChangQing compound at a concentration of 5.0 g/L achieved an ACI of 178.10 in the Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) group and 173.12 in the Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) group. Compared to the positive control group, cecal lesions were reduced, and indices for the spleen, liver, and bursa of Fabricius increased in both experimental groups following ChangQing administration. Furthermore, levels of immune factors, IgA, IgG, and IgM significantly elevated. The abundance of beneficial bacteria, including Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Alistipes, increased in the 5.0 g/L ChangQing compound group, while potential pathogens like Escherichia-Shigella, Enterococcus, and norank_f_Oscillospiraceae were reduced. These findings offer critical data for coccidiosis prevention in chickens and lay a theoretical foundation for future research on the antiparasitic mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine.

Salmonella spp. in poultry production-A review of the role of interventions along the production continuum

Salmonella is a significant pathogen of human and animal health and poultry are one of the most common sources linked with foodborne illness worldwide. Global production of poultry meat and products has increased significantly over the last decade or more as a result of consumer demand and the changing demographics of the world's population, where poultry meat forms a greater part of the diet. In addition, the relatively fast growth rate of birds which is significantly higher than other meat species also plays a role in how poultry production has intensified. In an effort to meet the greater demand for poultry meat and products, modern poultry production and processing practices have changed and practices to target control and reduction of foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella have been implemented. These strategies are implemented along the continuum from parent and grandparent flocks to breeders, the farm and finished broilers to transport and processing and finally from retail to the consumer. This review focuses on common practices, interventions and strategies that have potential impact for the control of Salmonella along the poultry production continuum from farm to plate.