Research on ADR1s helps understanding the plant immune network

Talk to your neighbors in an emergency: Stromule-mediated chloroplast-nucleus communication in plant immunity

Hypersensitive response-programmed cell death (HR-PCD) is a response mounted by plants to defend themselves against pathogens. Communication between the chloroplast and the nucleus is critical for the progression of HR-PCD. Tubular protrusions of chloroplasts, known as stromules, are tightly associated with the HR-PCD progression. There is emerging evidence that signaling molecules originating from chloroplasts are transferred to the nucleus through stromules. The translocation of signaling molecules from the chloroplast to the nucleus might trigger defense responses, including transcriptional reprogramming. In this review, we discuss the possible functions of stromules in the rapid transfer of signaling molecules in the chloroplast-nucleus communication.

From molecule to cell: the expanding frontiers of plant immunity

In recent years, the field of plant immunity has witnessed remarkable breakthroughs. During the co-evolution between plants and pathogens, plants have developed a wealth of intricate defense mechanisms to safeguard their survival. Newly identified immune receptors have added unexpected complexity to the surface and intracellular sensor networks, enriching our understanding of the ongoing plant-pathogen interplay. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms of resistosome shapes our understanding of these mysterious molecules in plant immunity. Moreover, technological innovations are expanding the horizon of the plant-pathogen battlefield into spatial and temporal scales. While the development provides new opportunities for untangling the complex realm of plant immunity, challenges remain in uncovering plant immunity across spatiotemporal dimensions from both molecular and cellular levels.

The endosome as an effector target to mediate plant immunity?

This article comments on: Liao W, Nielsen ME, Pedersen C, Xie W, Thordal-Christensen H. 2023. Barley endosomal MONENSIN SENSITIVITY1 is a target of the powdery mildew effector CSEP0162 and plays a role in plant immunity. Journal of Experimental Botany 74, 118–129.