1
|
The incidence of congenital malformations and variations in Göttingen minipigs. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 64:162-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
2
|
Schmidt M, Winther KD, Secher JO, Callesen H. Postmortem findings in cloned and transgenic piglets dead before weaning. Theriogenology 2015; 84:1014-23. [PMID: 26166169 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Important factors contributing to the well-known high mortality of piglets produced by SCNT are gross malformations of vital organs. The aim of the present retrospective study was to describe malformations found in cloned piglets, transgenic or not, dying or culled before weaning on Day 28. Large White (LW) embryos were transferred to 78 LW recipients, while 72 recipients received Göttingen embryos (67 transgenic and five not transgenic) and 56 received Yucatan embryos (43 transgenic and 13 not transgenic). Overall pregnancy rate was 76%, and there were more abortions in recipients with minipig embryos than in those with LW embryos (26% and 24% vs. 6%). Piglets (n = 815) were born from 128 sows with 6.5 ± 0.4 full-born piglets per litter. The overall rate of stillborn piglets was 21% of all born with the number of stillborn piglets ranging from one to nine in a litter. The mortality of the surviving piglets during the first month was 48%. Thus, altogether 58% of the full-born piglets died before weaning. In 87 of the 128 litters (68%), one to 12 of the piglets showed major or minor malformations. Malformations were found in 232 piglets (29.5% of all born). A single malformation was registered in 152 piglets, but several piglets showed two (n = 58) or more (n = 23) malformations (7.4% and 2.8% of all born, respectively). A significantly higher malformation rate was found in transgenic Göttingen and Yucatan piglets (32% and 46% of all born, respectively) than in nontransgenic LW (17%). There was a gender difference in the transgenic minipigs because male piglets had a higher rate of malformations (49.1%) than females (29.7%). The most common defects in the cloned piglets were in the digestive (12.2%), circulatory (9.4%), reproductive (11.3%), and musculoskeletal (9.1%) systems. Malformations of the musculoskeletal system were most frequent in Göttingen (16.3% vs. approximately 5.5% in the two other breeds), whereas abnormal cardiopulmonary systems were most frequent in Yucatan piglets (26.9% vs. 2.1% in LW and 5.3% in Göttingen). In conclusion, these results show that pig cloning results in a considerable loss of piglets and that many of these can be related to various malformations that all are also seen in noncloned piglets. Because approximately half of the cloned piglets still survive, even with eventual unknown minor malformations, use of pigs as models for human diseases is still realistic. However, continued efforts are needed to further reduce the level of malformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Schmidt
- Section of Reproduction, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - K D Winther
- Danish Agriculture and Food Council, Kjellerup, Denmark
| | - J O Secher
- Section of Reproduction, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - H Callesen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lang N, Sigler M. Reply to Son et al. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015; 49:1295-6. [PMID: 26351399 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezv305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Lang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Deutsches Herzzentrum München an der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Sigler
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Di Girolamo N, Critelli M, Zeyen U, Selleri P. Ventricular septal defect in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo). J Small Anim Pract 2012; 53:549-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2012.01256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Di Girolamo
- Clinica per Animali Esotici; Centro Veterinario Specialistico (CVS); Via Sandro Giovannini 53; 00137; Rome; Italy
| | - M. Critelli
- Department of Ultrasonography and Cardiology; Centro Veterinario Specialistico (CVS); Via Sandro Giovannini 53; 00137; Rome; Italy
| | - U. Zeyen
- Department of Ultrasonography and Cardiology; Centro Veterinario Specialistico (CVS); Via Sandro Giovannini 53; 00137; Rome; Italy
| | - P. Selleri
- Clinica per Animali Esotici; Centro Veterinario Specialistico (CVS); Via Sandro Giovannini 53; 00137; Rome; Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khairy P, Guerra PG, Rivard L, Tanguay JF, Landry E, Guertin MC, Macle L, Thibault B, Tardif JC, Talajic M, Roy D, Dubuc M. Enlargement of Catheter Ablation Lesions in Infant Hearts With Cryothermal Versus Radiofrequency Energy. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2011; 4:211-7. [DOI: 10.1161/circep.110.958082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Khairy
- From the Electrophysiology Service and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, and the Biostatistics Service, Montreal Heart Institute Coordinating Centre, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Peter G. Guerra
- From the Electrophysiology Service and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, and the Biostatistics Service, Montreal Heart Institute Coordinating Centre, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lena Rivard
- From the Electrophysiology Service and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, and the Biostatistics Service, Montreal Heart Institute Coordinating Centre, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-François Tanguay
- From the Electrophysiology Service and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, and the Biostatistics Service, Montreal Heart Institute Coordinating Centre, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Evelyn Landry
- From the Electrophysiology Service and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, and the Biostatistics Service, Montreal Heart Institute Coordinating Centre, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Guertin
- From the Electrophysiology Service and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, and the Biostatistics Service, Montreal Heart Institute Coordinating Centre, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Laurent Macle
- From the Electrophysiology Service and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, and the Biostatistics Service, Montreal Heart Institute Coordinating Centre, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bernard Thibault
- From the Electrophysiology Service and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, and the Biostatistics Service, Montreal Heart Institute Coordinating Centre, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- From the Electrophysiology Service and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, and the Biostatistics Service, Montreal Heart Institute Coordinating Centre, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mario Talajic
- From the Electrophysiology Service and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, and the Biostatistics Service, Montreal Heart Institute Coordinating Centre, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Denis Roy
- From the Electrophysiology Service and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, and the Biostatistics Service, Montreal Heart Institute Coordinating Centre, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marc Dubuc
- From the Electrophysiology Service and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, and the Biostatistics Service, Montreal Heart Institute Coordinating Centre, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Complete heart block associated with device closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008; 136:1223-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2007] [Revised: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
7
|
Chen FL, Hsiung MC, Nanda N, Hsieh KS, Chou MC. Real Time Three-Dimensional Echocardiography in Assessing Ventricular Septal Defects: An Echocardiographic-Surgical Correlative Study. Echocardiography 2006; 23:562-8. [PMID: 16911329 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2006.00277.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) enhanced by combining with color Doppler technology has significant limitations in providing precise quantitative information, geometric assumptions to calculate chamber volume, mass, and ejection fraction. Reconstructed three-dimensional echocardiographic (3DE) systems (from multiple cross-sectional echocardiographic scans) are still cumbersome and time-consuming. Real time 3DE (RT-3DE) with shorter imaging time than with 3D reconstruction techniques can obtain qualitative and quantitative information on heart disorders. Our purpose was to investigate the feasibility and potential value of RT-3DE as a means of accurately and quantitatively estimating the size of VSD to correlate with the surgical findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS 38 patients with VSD were examined with RT-3DE. 3D image database was postprocessed using TomTec echo 3D workstation. The results were compared with the results measured by 2 DE and surgical findings. RT-3DE produced novel views of VSD and improved quantification of the size of the defect. The sizes obtained from 3DE have equivalent correlation with surgical findings as diameter measured by 2DE (r = 0.89 vs r = 0.90). Good agreement between blinded observers was achieved by little interobserver variability. CONCLUSION RT-3DE offers intraoperative visualization of VSD to generate a "virtual sense of depth" without extending examining time. From an LV en face projection, the positions, sizes, and shapes of VSDs can be accurately determined to permit quantitative recording of VSD dynamics. It is a potentially valuable clinical tool to provide precise imaging for surgical and catheter-based closure of difficult perimembranous and singular or multiple muscular VSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fong Lin Chen
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Walsh MA, Bialkowski J, Szkutnik M, Pawelec-Wojtalik M, Bobkowski W, Walsh KP. Atrioventricular block after transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects. Heart 2006; 92:1295-7. [PMID: 16449504 PMCID: PMC1861195 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2005.084988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To look at the presentation, treatment and outcome of patients who developed atrioventricular block after transcatheter closure of a perimembranous ventricular septal defect (PMVSD) with the Amplatzer PMVSD device. SETTING Three tertiary referral centres for paediatric cardiology in two countries. RESULTS All three patients presented within 10 days of the procedure. All three patients were treated with intravenous steroids. A permanent pacemaker was inserted in all patients but no pacemaker required activation after two months. CONCLUSION Complete atrioventricular block occurring in the weeks after device occlusion of a PMVSD appears to resolve quickly. Continued involvement in multicentre device databases is required to monitor safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Walsh
- Cardiac Department, Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Crumlin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
van den Bosch AE, Ten Harkel DJ, McGhie JS, Roos-Hesselink JW, Simoons ML, Bogers AJJC, Meijboom FJ. Feasibility and Accuracy of Real-time 3-Dimensional Echocardiographic Assessment of Ventricular Septal Defects. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2006; 19:7-13. [PMID: 16423663 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2005.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate feasibility, accuracy, and clinical applicability of real-time (RT) transthoracic 3-dimensional (3D) echocardiography (3DE) in the determination of the position, size, and shape of a ventricular septal defect (VSD). In all, 34 patients (age: 2 months-46 years), who were scheduled for surgical closure of a VSD, were enrolled in the study. VSD localization, shape, and dimensions were assessed and compared with measurements performed by the surgeon. Acquisition of RT-3DE datasets was feasible in 30 of 34 (88%) patients. Duration of 3D data acquisition was 6 +/- 2 minutes. Reconstruction time was 23 +/- 16 minutes. Localization and number of VSD were determined correctly by RT-3DE in all patients. There was a good correlation for VSD measurements between RT-3DE and operation (r = 0.95). RT-3DE allows accurate determination of VSD size, shape, and location. The short acquisition time and acceptable reconstruction time make this technique clinically applicable.
Collapse
|
10
|
Dall'Agata A, Cromme-Dijkhuis AH, Meijboom FJ, McGhie JS, Bol-Raap G, Nosir YF, Roelandt JR, Bogers AJ. Three-dimensional echocardiography enhances the assessment of ventricular septal defect. Am J Cardiol 1999; 83:1576-9, A8. [PMID: 10363878 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(99)00155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By 3-dimensional echocardiography, the location, relation to the aortic and tricuspid valve, and the size of the ventricular septal defect was assessed and compared with 2-dimensional echocardiography and intraoperative findings. We concluded that 3-dimensional echocardiography accurately assesses the anatomy of the ventricular septal defect, provides additional information, and can be considered a valuable preoperative diagnostic tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Dall'Agata
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Du ZD, Roguin N, Wu XJ. Spontaneous closure of muscular ventricular septal defect identified by echocardiography in neonates. Cardiol Young 1998; 8:500-5. [PMID: 9855105 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951100007174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Muscular ventricular septal defects were diagnosed by echocardiography in 97 neonates within 7 days of birth. In 82 of the neonates (84.5%), the defect was solitary, while 15 had multiple defects. The solitary defects was located at mid-septal, apical, anterior and inlet locations in 42 (51.2%), 21 (25.6%), 14 (17.1%) and 5 (6.1%) neonates, respectively. Multiple defects occurred in the apical, anterior and mid-septal areas. The diameter of the solitary defects ranged from 1 to 6 mm (2.3 +/- 0.8 mm), while the multiple lesions were 1 to 4 mm in diameter (2.1 +/- 0.8 mm) in 28 instances in which they could measured. It proved possible to follow 79 of the patients for period of 10 to 13 months. The defects closed spontaneously in 56 (84.8%) of 66 patients with a single defect, and in 7 (53.8%) of 13 of those with multiple defects (P<0.05). For the solitary defects, the position and size were factors determining the likelihood and speed of closure. Defects located at the apical septum, or defects larger than 4 mm in diameter, closed slowly and at a later stage. Echocardiography is an useful technique in establishing of natural history of muscular ventricular septal defects encountered in neonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z D Du
- Heart Institute, Western Galilee Hospital-Nahariya, Technion Faculty of Medicine, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Roguin N, Du ZD, Barak M, Nasser N, Hershkowitz S, Milgram E. High prevalence of muscular ventricular septal defect in neonates. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 26:1545-8. [PMID: 7594083 DOI: 10.1016/0735-1097(95)00358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to use echocardiography to evaluate the prevalence of muscular ventricular septal defect in neonates. BACKGROUND Ventricular septal defect is usually asymptomatic and closes spontaneously. An increase in its prevalence has been noted recently. One reason is the improved detection of small defects, especially with the increased used of echocardiography. Therefore, one would expect a higher prevalence in neonates on the basis of echocardiographic screening. METHODS Color Doppler echocardiography was performed in 1,053 consecutive neonates 6 to 170 h old at Western Galilee Hospital, Israel. Data on the neonates, parents and family were obtained to analyze the influencing factors. The identified patients were followed up for 1 to 10 months or until ventricular septal defect closure. RESULTS Muscular ventricular septal defect was found in 56 (25 male, 31 female) of the 1,053 neonates, a prevalence of 53.2/1,000 live births. All neonates were asymptomatic. Six had a systolic murmur. Electrocardiographic findings were normal in 44 (97.8%) of 45 neonates followed up, and left ventricular hypertrophy occurred in 1 (2.2%). By echocardiography, 50 ventricular septal defects (89.3%) were single and 6 (10.7%) were multiple. The defects (range 1 to 5 mm in diameter, mean [+/- SD] 2.3 +/- 0.8) occurred anywhere along the muscular septum; 43 (76.8%) were detectable only on color Doppler imaging. The left atrium and left ventricle were mildly dilated. Of 45 neonates who were followed up for 6 to 10 months or until closure of the defects, 40 (88.9%) had defects that closed spontaneously. The risk of ventricular septal defect was not significantly associated with gestational age, birth weight, birth order, maternal age, diabetes, smoking, exposure to drugs or infection, paternal age, familial congenital heart disease, religion or consanguinity. CONCLUSIONS There is a prevalence of muscular ventricular septal defect in neonates of 53.2/1,000 live births. The patients were asymptomatic, and 88.9% had defects that closed spontaneously within 1 to 10 months. These defects may be caused by environmental factors. In many cases, muscular ventricular septal defect may also result from delayed physiologic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Roguin
- Heart Institute and Department of Neonatology, Western Galilee Hospital-Nahariya, Technion Faculty of Medicine, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|