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Caux M, Mansour R, Xuereb JM, Chicanne G, Viaud J, Vauclard A, Boal F, Payrastre B, Tronchère H, Severin S. PIKfyve-Dependent Phosphoinositide Dynamics in Megakaryocyte/Platelet Granule Integrity and Platelet Functions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:987-1004. [PMID: 35708031 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secretory granules are key elements for platelet functions. Their biogenesis and integrity are regulated by fine-tuned mechanisms that need to be fully characterized. Here, we investigated the role of the phosphoinositide 5-kinase PIKfyve and its lipid products, PtdIns5P (phosphatidylinositol 5 monophosphate) and PtdIns(3,5)P2 (phosphatidylinositol (3,5) bisphosphate) in granule homeostasis in megakaryocytes and platelets. METHODS For that, we invalidated PIKfyve by pharmacological inhibition or gene silencing in megakaryocytic cell models (human MEG-01 cell line, human imMKCLs, mouse primary megakaryocytes) and in human platelets. RESULTS We unveiled that PIKfyve expression and its lipid product levels increased with megakaryocytic maturation. In megakaryocytes, PtdIns5P and PtdIns(3,5)P2 were found in alpha and dense granule membranes with higher levels in dense granules. Pharmacological inhibition or knock-down of PIKfyve in megakaryocytes decreased PtdIns5P and PtdIns(3,5)P2 synthesis and induced a vacuolar phenotype with a loss of alpha and dense granule identity. Permeant PtdIns5P and PtdIns(3,5)P2 and the cation channel TRPML1 (transient receptor potential mucolipins) and TPC2 activation were able to accelerate alpha and dense granule integrity recovery following release of PIKfyve pharmacological inhibition. In platelets, PIKfyve inhibition specifically impaired the integrity of dense granules culminating in defects in their secretion, platelet aggregation, and thrombus formation. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated that PIKfyve and its lipid products PtdIns5P and PtdIns(3,5)P2 control granule integrity both in megakaryocytes and platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuella Caux
- INSERM U1297, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.C., R.M., J.-M.X., G.C., J.V., A.V., F.B., B.P., H.T., S.S.)
| | - Rana Mansour
- INSERM U1297, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.C., R.M., J.-M.X., G.C., J.V., A.V., F.B., B.P., H.T., S.S.)
| | - Jean-Marie Xuereb
- INSERM U1297, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.C., R.M., J.-M.X., G.C., J.V., A.V., F.B., B.P., H.T., S.S.)
| | - Gaëtan Chicanne
- INSERM U1297, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.C., R.M., J.-M.X., G.C., J.V., A.V., F.B., B.P., H.T., S.S.)
| | - Julien Viaud
- INSERM U1297, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.C., R.M., J.-M.X., G.C., J.V., A.V., F.B., B.P., H.T., S.S.)
| | - Alicia Vauclard
- INSERM U1297, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.C., R.M., J.-M.X., G.C., J.V., A.V., F.B., B.P., H.T., S.S.)
| | - Frédéric Boal
- INSERM U1297, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.C., R.M., J.-M.X., G.C., J.V., A.V., F.B., B.P., H.T., S.S.)
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- INSERM U1297, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.C., R.M., J.-M.X., G.C., J.V., A.V., F.B., B.P., H.T., S.S.).,CHU de Toulouse, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Toulouse, France (B.P.)
| | - Hélène Tronchère
- INSERM U1297, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.C., R.M., J.-M.X., G.C., J.V., A.V., F.B., B.P., H.T., S.S.)
| | - Sonia Severin
- INSERM U1297, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.C., R.M., J.-M.X., G.C., J.V., A.V., F.B., B.P., H.T., S.S.)
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2
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Smith CW. Release of α-granule contents during platelet activation. Platelets 2021; 33:491-502. [PMID: 34569425 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1913576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Upon activation, platelets release a plethora of factors which help to mediate their dynamic functions in hemostasis, inflammation, wound healing, tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. The majority of these bioactive molecules are released from α-granules, which are unique to platelets, and contain an incredibly diverse repertoire of cargo including; integral membrane proteins, pro-coagulant molecules, chemokines, mitogenic, growth and angiogenic factors, adhesion proteins, and microbicidal proteins. Clinically, activation of circulating platelets has increasingly been associated with various disease states. Biomarkers indicating the level of platelet activation in patients can therefore be useful tools to evaluate risk factors to predict future complications and determine treatment strategies or evaluate antiplatelet therapy. The irreversible nature of α-granule secretion makes it ideally suited as a marker of platelet activation. This review outlines the release and contents of platelet α-granules, as well as the membrane bound, and soluble α-granule cargo proteins that can be used as biomarkers of platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
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3
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Hypoxia-activated platelets stimulate proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells by phosphatidylserine/LOX-1 signaling-impelled intercellular communication. Cell Signal 2021; 87:110149. [PMID: 34520855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Continuous recruitment and inappropriate activation of platelets in pulmonary arteries contribute to pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Our previous study has demonstrated that lectin like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) regulates the proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Phosphatidylserine exposed on the surface of activated platelets is a ligand for LOX-1. However, whether hypoxia-activated platelets stimulate the proliferation and migration of PASMCs by phosphatidylserine/LOX-1 signaling-impelled intercellular communication remains unclear. The present study found that rats treated with hypoxia (10% O2) for 21 days revealed PH with the activation of platelets and the recruitment of platelets in pulmonary arteries, and LOX-1 knockout inhibited hypoxia-induced PH and platelets activation. Notably, co-incubation of PASMCs with hypoxic PH rats-derived platelets up-regulated LOX-1 expression in PASMCs leading to the proliferation and migration of PASMCs, which was inhibited by the phosphatidylserine inhibitor annexin V or the LOX-1 neutralizing antibody. LOX-1 knockout led to decreased proliferation and migration of PASMCs stimulated by hypoxia-activated platelets. In rats, hypoxia up-regulated the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) and the expression of Pim-1 in pulmonary arteries. Hypoxia-activated platelets also up-regulated the phosphorylation of Stat3 and the expression of Pim-1 in PASMCs, which was inhibited by annexin V, the LOX-1 neutralizing antibody, the protein kinase C inhibitor and LOX-1 knockout. In conclusion, we for the first time demonstrated that hypoxia-activated platelets stimulated the proliferation and migration of PASMCs by phosphatidylserine/LOX-1/PKC/Stat3/Pim-1 signaling-impelled intercellular communication, thereby potentially contributing to hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling.
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4
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Glembotsky AC, De Luca G, Heller PG. A Deep Dive into the Pathology of Gray Platelet Syndrome: New Insights on Immune Dysregulation. J Blood Med 2021; 12:719-732. [PMID: 34408521 PMCID: PMC8364843 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s270018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The gray platelet syndrome (GPS) is a rare platelet disorder, characterized by impaired alpha-granule biogenesis in megakaryocytes and platelets due to NBEAL2 mutations. Typical clinical features include macrothrombocytopenia, bleeding and elevated vitamin B12 levels, while bone marrow fibrosis and splenomegaly may develop during disease progression. Recently, the involvement of other blood lineages has been highlighted, revealing the role of NBEAL2 outside the megakaryocyte-platelet axis. Low leukocyte counts, decreased neutrophil granulation and impaired neutrophil extracellular trap formation represent prominent findings in GPS patients, reflecting deranged innate immunity and associated with an increased susceptibility to infection. In addition, low numbers and impaired degranulation of NK cells have been demonstrated in animal models. Autoimmune diseases involving different organs and a spectrum of autoantibodies are present in a substantial proportion of GPS patients, expanding the syndromic spectrum of this disorder and pointing to dysregulation of the adaptive immune response. Low-grade inflammation, as evidenced by elevation of liver-derived acute-phase reactants, is another previously unrecognized feature of GPS which may contribute to disease manifestations. This review will focus on the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of blood cell abnormalities in human GPS patients and NBEAL2-null animal models, providing insight into the effects of NBEAL2 in hemostasis, inflammation and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Glembotsky
- Departamento Hematología Investigación, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas "Dr. A. Lanari", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento Hematología Investigación, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Geraldine De Luca
- Departamento Hematología Investigación, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas "Dr. A. Lanari", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento Hematología Investigación, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula G Heller
- Departamento Hematología Investigación, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas "Dr. A. Lanari", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento Hematología Investigación, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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5
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Tsai FD, Battinelli EM. Inherited Platelet Disorders. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2021; 35:1069-1084. [PMID: 34391603 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bleeding disorders due to platelet dysfunction are a common hematologic complication affecting patients, and typically present with mucocutaneous bleeding or hemorrhage. An inherited platelet disorder should be suspected in individuals with a suggestive family history and no identified secondary causes of bleeding. Genetic defects have been described at all levels of platelet activation, including receptor binding, signaling, granule release, cytoskeletal remodeling, and platelet hematopoiesis. Management of these disorders is typically supportive, with an emphasis on awareness, patient education, and anticipatory guidance to prevent future episodes of bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick D Tsai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematologic Neoplasia, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elisabeth M Battinelli
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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6
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Aliotta A, Bertaggia Calderara D, Zermatten MG, Marchetti M, Alberio L. Thrombocytopathies: Not Just Aggregation Defects-The Clinical Relevance of Procoagulant Platelets. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10050894. [PMID: 33668091 PMCID: PMC7956450 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10050894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are active key players in haemostasis. Qualitative platelet dysfunctions result in thrombocytopathies variously characterized by defects of their adhesive and procoagulant activation endpoints. In this review, we summarize the traditional platelet defects in adhesion, secretion, and aggregation. In addition, we review the current knowledge about procoagulant platelets, focusing on their role in bleeding or thrombotic pathologies and their pharmaceutical modulation. Procoagulant activity is an important feature of platelet activation, which should be specifically evaluated during the investigation of a suspected thrombocytopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Aliotta
- Hemostasis and Platelet Research Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1010 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.A.); (D.B.C.); (M.G.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Debora Bertaggia Calderara
- Hemostasis and Platelet Research Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1010 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.A.); (D.B.C.); (M.G.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Maxime G. Zermatten
- Hemostasis and Platelet Research Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1010 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.A.); (D.B.C.); (M.G.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Matteo Marchetti
- Hemostasis and Platelet Research Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1010 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.A.); (D.B.C.); (M.G.Z.); (M.M.)
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital de Nyon, CH-1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Alberio
- Hemostasis and Platelet Research Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1010 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.A.); (D.B.C.); (M.G.Z.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Pluthero FG, Kahr WHA. Gray platelet syndrome: NBEAL2 mutations are associated with pathology beyond megakaryocyte and platelet function defects. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:318-322. [PMID: 33300270 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fred G Pluthero
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Walter H A Kahr
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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8
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Mohan G, Malayala SV, Mehta P, Balla M. A Comprehensive Review of Congenital Platelet Disorders, Thrombocytopenias and Thrombocytopathies. Cureus 2020; 12:e11275. [PMID: 33274150 PMCID: PMC7707908 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets play an important role in hemostasis through platelet plug formation by a phenomenon of adhesion; activation; secretion and aggregation. Defects in platelet hemostatic mechanisms can be congenital or acquired. Congenital platelet disorders are rare and manifestations range from asymptomatic to sometimes severe bleeding. The disorders arise due to diverse mechanisms. Congenital platelet disorders include thrombocytopathies and thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150 x 109/L) or thrombocytosis (platelet count > 450 x 109/L). Congenital thrombocytopathies include disorders of adhesion like von Willebrand's disease or Bernard-Soulier syndrome. The disorders of aggregation include congenital afibrinogenemia and Glanzmann thrombasthenia. Disorders of storage granules are gray platelet syndrome and Quebec platelet disorder. Congenital thrombocythopathy and thrombocytopenia often occur in conjunction. In this article, we have a detailed literature review of these rare thrombocytopathies, their presentation and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisha Mohan
- Medical Research, Physicians for American Healthcare Access, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Parth Mehta
- Internal Medicine, Unity Point Health Methodist Hospital, Peoria, USA
| | - Mamtha Balla
- Internal Medicine, ProMedica Toledo Hospital, Toledo, USA
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9
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Montague SJ, Lim YJ, Lee WM, Gardiner EE. Imaging Platelet Processes and Function-Current and Emerging Approaches for Imaging in vitro and in vivo. Front Immunol 2020; 11:78. [PMID: 32082328 PMCID: PMC7005007 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are small anucleate cells that are essential for many biological processes including hemostasis, thrombosis, inflammation, innate immunity, tumor metastasis, and wound healing. Platelets circulate in the blood and in order to perform all of their biological roles, platelets must be able to arrest their movement at an appropriate site and time. Our knowledge of how platelets achieve this has expanded as our ability to visualize and quantify discreet platelet events has improved. Platelets are exquisitely sensitive to changes in blood flow parameters and so the visualization of rapid intricate platelet processes under conditions found in flowing blood provides a substantial challenge to the platelet imaging field. The platelet's size (~2 μm), rapid activation (milliseconds), and unsuitability for genetic manipulation, means that appropriate imaging tools are limited. However, with the application of modern imaging systems to study platelet function, our understanding of molecular events mediating platelet adhesion from a single-cell perspective, to platelet recruitment and activation, leading to thrombus (clot) formation has expanded dramatically. This review will discuss current platelet imaging techniques in vitro and in vivo, describing how the advancements in imaging have helped answer/expand on platelet biology with a particular focus on hemostasis. We will focus on platelet aggregation and thrombus formation, and how platelet imaging has enhanced our understanding of key events, highlighting the knowledge gained through the application of imaging modalities to experimental models in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we will review the limitations of current imaging techniques, and questions in thrombosis research that remain to be addressed. Finally, we will speculate how the same imaging advancements might be applied to the imaging of other vascular cell biological functions and visualization of dynamic cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Montague
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Yean J. Lim
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Woei M. Lee
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E. Gardiner
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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10
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Riley R, Khan A, Pai S, Warmke L, Winkler M, Gunning W. A Case of Chronic Thrombocytopenia in a 17-Year-Old Female. Lab Med 2019; 50:406-420. [PMID: 31228350 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmz013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Storage pool deficiency (SPD) is a group of rare platelet disorders that result from deficiencies in α-granules, δ-granules, or both. One type of α-SPD is gray platelet syndrome (GPS), caused by mutations in the neurobeachin-like 2 (NBEAL2) gene that results in a bleeding diathesis, thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly, and progressive myelofibrosis. Due to the lack of α-granules, platelets have a gray and degranulated appearance by light microscopy. However, definitive diagnosis of GPS requires confirmation of α-granule deficiency by electron microscopy. Treatment is nonspecific, with the conservative utilization of platelet transfusions being the most important form of therapy. We present a case of a 17-year-old female with a past medical history of thrombocytopenia, first identified at the age of five. Her clinical symptomatology included chronic fatigue, gingival bleeding, bruising, menorrhagia, and leg pain. This report will discuss both the clinical and the pathophysiologic aspects of this rare platelet disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Riley
- Departments of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) School of Medicine, Richmond
| | - Asad Khan
- Departments of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) School of Medicine, Richmond
| | - Shella Pai
- Departments of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) School of Medicine, Richmond
| | - Laura Warmke
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | | | - William Gunning
- Department of Pathology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio
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11
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Favier R, Roussel X, Audia S, Bordet JC, De Maistre E, Hirsch P, Neuhart A, Bedgedjian I, Gkalea V, Favier M, Daguindau E, Nurden P, Deconinck E. Correction of Severe Myelofibrosis, Impaired Platelet Functions and Abnormalities in a Patient with Gray Platelet Syndrome Successfully Treated by Stem Cell Transplantation. Platelets 2019; 31:536-540. [PMID: 31502501 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1663809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Gray platelet syndrome (GPS) is an inherited disorder. Patients harboring GPS have thrombocytopenia with large platelets lacking α-granules. A long-term complication is myelofibrosis with pancytopenia. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) could be a curative treatment. We report a male GPS patient with severe pancytopenia, splenomegaly and a secondary myelofibrosis needing red blood cells transfusion. He received an HSCT from a 10/10 matched HLA-unrelated donor after a myeloablative conditioning regimen. Transfusion independence occurred at day+21, with a documented neutrophil engraftment. At day+ 180, we added ruxolitinib to cyclosporine and steroids for a moderate chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) and persistent splenomegaly. At day+240 GVHD was controlled and splenomegaly reduced. Complete donor chimesrism was documented in blood and marrow and platelets functions and morphology normalized. At day+ 720, the spleen size normalized and there was no evidence of marrow fibrosis on the biopsy. In GPS, HSCT may be a curative treatment in selected patients with pancytopenia and myelofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Favier
- French National Reference Center for Inherited Platelet Disorders, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris , Paris, France.,Inserm UMR1170, Gustave Roussy Institute , Villejuif, France
| | - Xavier Roussel
- Department of Hematology, Besançon Hospital, Franche-Comté University , Besançon, France
| | - Sylvain Audia
- Department of Internal Medecine and Immunology, Dijon-Bourgogne University , Dijon, France
| | | | | | - Pierre Hirsch
- AP-HP, Sorbonne University, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine CRSA, Saint-Antoine Hospital , Paris, France
| | - Anne Neuhart
- Department of Pathology, University Dijon Hospital , Dijon, France
| | - Isabelle Bedgedjian
- Department of Pathology, Besançon Hospital, Franche-Comté University , Besançon, France
| | - Vasiliki Gkalea
- French National Reference Center for Inherited Platelet Disorders, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris , Paris, France
| | - Marie Favier
- French National Reference Center for Inherited Platelet Disorders, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris , Paris, France
| | - Etienne Daguindau
- Department of Hematology, Besançon Hospital, Franche-Comté University , Besançon, France.,Interactions Hôte-Greffon Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm EFS BFC,UMR1098 , Besançon, France
| | - Paquita Nurden
- LIRYC Institute, Xavier Arnozan Hospital , Pessac, France
| | - Eric Deconinck
- Department of Hematology, Besançon Hospital, Franche-Comté University , Besançon, France.,Interactions Hôte-Greffon Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm EFS BFC,UMR1098 , Besançon, France
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12
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13
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14
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Cattaneo M. Inherited Disorders of Platelet Function. Platelets 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813456-6.00048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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15
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Sorting machineries: how platelet-dense granules differ from α-granules. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180458. [PMID: 30104399 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets respond to vascular injury via surface receptor stimulation and signaling events to trigger aggregation, procoagulant activation, and granule secretion during hemostasis, thrombosis, and vascular remodeling. Platelets contain three major types of secretory granules including dense granules (or δ-granules, DGs), α-granules (AGs), and lysosomes. The contents of platelet granules are specific. Platelet DGs store polyphosphate and small molecules such as ADP, ATP, Ca2+, and serotonin, while AGs package most of the proteins that platelets release. The platelet DGs and AGs are regarded as being budded from the endosomes and the trans-Golgi network (TGN), respectively, and then matured from multivesicular bodies (MVBs). However, the sorting machineries between DGs and AGs are different. Inherited platelet disorders are associated with deficiency of DGs and AGs, leading to bleeding diathesis in patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), gray platelet syndrome (GPS), and arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis syndrome (ARC). Here, we reviewed the current understanding about how DGs differ from AGs in structure, biogenesis, and function. In particular, we focus on the sorting machineries that are involved in the formation of these two types of granules to provide insights into their diverse biological functions.
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16
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Balduini A, Raslova H, Di Buduo CA, Donada A, Ballmaier M, Germeshausen M, Balduini CL. Clinic, pathogenic mechanisms and drug testing of two inherited thrombocytopenias, ANKRD26-related Thrombocytopenia and MYH9-related diseases. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 61:715-722. [PMID: 29545013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inherited thrombocytopenias (ITs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by low platelet count resulting in impaired hemostasis. Patients can have spontaneous hemorrhages and/or excessive bleedings provoked by hemostatic challenges as trauma or surgery. To date, ITs encompass 32 different rare monogenic disorders caused by mutations of 30 genes. This review will focus on the major discoveries that have been made in the last years on the diagnosis, treatment and molecular mechanisms of ANKRD26-Related Thrombocytopenia and MYH9-Related Diseases. Furthermore, we will discuss the use a Thrombopoietin mimetic as a novel approach to treat the thrombocytopenia in these patients. We will propose the use of a new 3D bone marrow model to study the mechanisms of action of these drugs and to test their efficacy and safety in patients. The overall purpose of this review is to point out that important progresses have been made in understanding the pathogenesis of ANKRD26-Related Thrombocytopenia and MYH9-Related Diseases and new therapeutic approaches have been proposed and tested. Future advancement in this research will rely in the development of more physiological models to study the regulation of human platelet biogenesis, disease mechanisms and specific pharmacologic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Balduini
- University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Hana Raslova
- INSERM UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Christian A Di Buduo
- University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Donada
- INSERM UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Carlo L Balduini
- University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
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17
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Gothwal M, Sandrock-Lang K, Zieger B. Genetics of inherited platelet disorders. Hamostaseologie 2017; 34:133-41. [DOI: 10.5482/hamo-13-09-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryThe current review describes inherited platelet disorders, illustrates their clinical phenotype and molecular genetic defects. Platelets are the key molecules mediating haemostasis via adhesion, activation and clot formation at the site of injury. The inherited platelet disorders can be classified according to their platelet defects: receptor/cytoskeleton defects, secretion disorder, and signal transduction defect.Patients with inherited thrombocytopathia present with mucous membrane bleedings (epistaxis, gingival bleeding) and may present with serious life threatening bleedings following surgery or trauma. Therefore, biochemical and molecular genetic characterization of inherited platelet disorders is important to understand these disorders and to support an efficient therapy.
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18
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Nbeal2 interacts with Dock7, Sec16a, and Vac14. Blood 2017; 131:1000-1011. [PMID: 29187380 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-08-800359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in NBEAL2, the gene encoding the scaffolding protein Nbeal2, are causal of gray platelet syndrome (GPS), a rare recessive bleeding disorder characterized by platelets lacking α-granules and progressive marrow fibrosis. We present here the interactome of Nbeal2 with additional validation by reverse immunoprecipitation of Dock7, Sec16a, and Vac14 as interactors of Nbeal2. We show that GPS-causing mutations in its BEACH domain have profound and possible effects on the interaction with Dock7 and Vac14, respectively. Proximity ligation assays show that these 2 proteins are physically proximal to Nbeal2 in human megakaryocytes. In addition, we demonstrate that Nbeal2 is primarily localized in the cytoplasm and Dock7 on the membrane of or in α-granules. Interestingly, platelets from GPS cases and Nbeal2-/- mice are almost devoid of Dock7, resulting in a profound dysregulation of its signaling pathway, leading to defective actin polymerization, platelet activation, and shape change. This study shows for the first time proteins interacting with Nbeal2 and points to the dysregulation of the canonical signaling pathway of Dock7 as a possible cause of the aberrant formation of platelets in GPS cases and Nbeal2-deficient mice.
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19
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Perez Botero J, Warad DM, He R, Uhl CB, Tian S, Otteson GE, Barness RL, Olson MC, Gossman SC, Charlesworth JE, Nichols WL, Pruthi RK, Chen D. Comprehensive Platelet Phenotypic Laboratory Testing and Bleeding History Scoring for Diagnosis of Suspected Hereditary Platelet Disorders. Am J Clin Pathol 2017; 148:23-32. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqx038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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20
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Wijgaerts A, Wittevrongel C, Thys C, Devos T, Peerlinck K, Tijssen MR, Van Geet C, Freson K. The transcription factor GATA1 regulates NBEAL2 expression through a long-distance enhancer. Haematologica 2017; 102:695-706. [PMID: 28082341 PMCID: PMC5395110 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.152777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gray platelet syndrome is named after the gray appearance of platelets due to the absence of α-granules. It is caused by recessive mutations in NBEAL2, resulting in macrothrombocytopenia and myelofibrosis. Though using the term gray platelets for GATA1 deficiency has been debated, a reduced number of α-granules has been described for macrothrombocytopenia due to GATA1 mutations. We compared platelet size and number of α-granules for two NBEAL2 and two GATA1-deficient patients and found reduced numbers of α-granules for all, with the defect being more pronounced for NBEAL2 deficiency. We further hypothesized that the granule defect for GATA1 is due to a defective control of NBEAL2 expression. Remarkably, platelets from two patients, and Gata1-deficient mice, expressed almost no NBEAL2. The differentiation of GATA1 patient-derived CD34+ stem cells to megakaryocytes showed defective proplatelet and α-granule formation with strongly reduced NBEAL2 protein and ribonucleic acid expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed 5 GATA binding sites in a regulatory region 31 kb upstream of NBEAL2 covered by a H3K4Me1 mark indicative of an enhancer locus. Luciferase reporter constructs containing this region confirmed its enhancer activity in K562 cells, and mutagenesis of the GATA1 binding sites resulted in significantly reduced enhancer activity. Moreover, DNA binding studies showed that GATA1 and GATA2 physically interact with this enhancer region. GATA1 depletion using small interfering ribonucleic acid in K562 cells also resulted in reduced NBEAL2 expression. In conclusion, we herein show a long-distance regulatory region with GATA1 binding sites as being a strong enhancer for NBEAL2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouck Wijgaerts
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Wittevrongel
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal Thys
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Timothy Devos
- Department of Haematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peerlinck
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Marloes R Tijssen
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, UK
| | - Chris Van Geet
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KULeuven, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Freson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KULeuven, Belgium
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21
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Nurden AT, Nurden P. Should any genetic defect affecting α-granules in platelets be classified as gray platelet syndrome? Am J Hematol 2016; 91:714-8. [PMID: 26971401 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
There is much current interest in the role of the platelet storage pool of α-granule proteins both in hemostasis and non-hemostatic events. As well as in the arrest of bleeding, the secreted proteins participate in wound healing, inflammation, and innate immunity while in pathology they may be actors in arterial thrombosis and atherosclerosis as well as cancer and metastasis. For a long time, gray platelet syndrome (GPS) has been regarded as the classic inherited platelet disorder caused by an absence of α-granules and their contents. While NBEAL2 is the major source of mutations in GPS, other gene variants may give rise to significant α-granule deficiencies in platelets. These include GATA1, VPS33B, or VIPAS39 in the arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis (ARC) syndrome and now GFI1B. Nevertheless, many phenotypic differences are associated with mutations in these genes. This critical review was aimed to assess genotype/phenotype variability in disorders of platelet α-granule biogenesis and to urge caution in grouping all genetic defects of α-granules as GPS. Am. J. Hematol. 91:714-718, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan T. Nurden
- Institut de Rhythmologie et de Modélisation Cardiaque, Plateforme Technologique d'Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan; Pessac France
| | - Paquita Nurden
- Institut de Rhythmologie et de Modélisation Cardiaque, Plateforme Technologique d'Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan; Pessac France
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22
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Di Buduo CA, Alberelli MA, Glembostky AC, Podda G, Lev PR, Cattaneo M, Landolfi R, Heller PG, Balduini A, De Candia E. Abnormal proplatelet formation and emperipolesis in cultured human megakaryocytes from gray platelet syndrome patients. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23213. [PMID: 26987485 PMCID: PMC4796794 DOI: 10.1038/srep23213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gray Platelet Syndrome (GPS) is a rare inherited bleeding disorder characterized by deficiency of platelet α-granules, macrothrombocytopenia and marrow fibrosis. The autosomal recessive form of GPS is linked to loss of function mutations in NBEAL2, which is predicted to regulate granule trafficking in megakaryocytes, the platelet progenitors. We report the first analysis of cultured megakaryocytes from GPS patients with NBEAL2 mutations. Megakaryocytes cultured from peripheral blood or bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells from four patients were used to investigate megakaryopoiesis, megakaryocyte morphology and platelet formation. In vitro differentiation of megakaryocytes was normal, whereas we observed deficiency of megakaryocyte α-granule proteins and emperipolesis. Importantly, we first demonstrated that platelet formation by GPS megakaryocytes was severely affected, a defect which might be the major cause of thrombocytopenia in patients. These results demonstrate that cultured megakaryocytes from GPS patients provide a valuable model to understand the pathogenesis of GPS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Di Buduo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Adele Alberelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ana C Glembostky
- Hematology Research, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gianmarco Podda
- Medicina III, Azienda Ospedaliera San Paolo, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola R Lev
- Hematology Research, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marco Cattaneo
- Medicina III, Azienda Ospedaliera San Paolo, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Landolfi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paula G Heller
- Hematology Research, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Erica De Candia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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23
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Tomberg K, Khoriaty R, Westrick RJ, Fairfield HE, Reinholdt LG, Brodsky GL, Davizon-Castillo P, Ginsburg D, Di Paola J. Spontaneous 8bp Deletion in Nbeal2 Recapitulates the Gray Platelet Syndrome in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150852. [PMID: 26950939 PMCID: PMC4780761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the analysis of a whole genome ENU mutagenesis screen for thrombosis modifiers, a spontaneous 8 base pair (bp) deletion causing a frameshift in exon 27 of the Nbeal2 gene was identified. Though initially considered as a plausible thrombosis modifier, this Nbeal2 mutation failed to suppress the synthetic lethal thrombosis on which the original ENU screen was based. Mutations in NBEAL2 cause Gray Platelet Syndrome (GPS), an autosomal recessive bleeding disorder characterized by macrothrombocytopenia and gray-appearing platelets due to lack of platelet alpha granules. Mice homozygous for the Nbeal2 8 bp deletion (Nbeal2gps/gps) exhibit a phenotype similar to human GPS, with significantly reduced platelet counts compared to littermate controls (p = 1.63 x 10−7). Nbeal2gps/gps mice also have markedly reduced numbers of platelet alpha granules and an increased level of emperipolesis, consistent with previously characterized mice carrying targeted Nbeal2 null alleles. These findings confirm previous reports, provide an additional mouse model for GPS, and highlight the potentially confounding effect of background spontaneous mutation events in well-characterized mouse strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kärt Tomberg
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Rami Khoriaty
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Randal J. Westrick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | | | - Gary L. Brodsky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Pavel Davizon-Castillo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - David Ginsburg
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jorge Di Paola
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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24
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Baccini V, Alessi MC. [Diagnosis of inherited thrombocytopenia]. Rev Med Interne 2015; 37:117-26. [PMID: 26617290 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2015.10.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inherited thrombocytopenias are rare, heterogenous and probably under-diagnosed because often classified as autoimmune thrombocytopenia. About 20 genes were described responsible for these thrombocytopenias. Precise diagnosis is necessary because the prognosis is different and some of them can evolve into hemopathies. First of all, it is important to gather a body of evidence to orientate towards an inherited cause: presence of the thrombocytopenia since childhood and of other family cases is a strong argument. Secondly, it is difficult to target the genetic investigations that settle the precise diagnosis. Genetic variants responsible for inherited thrombocytopenias affect different stage during megakaryocytopoiesis and cause thrombocytopenias with distinct characteristics. Presence of extra-hematological features, platelets' size measurement and evaluation of bone marrow megakaryocyte morphology when it is possible allow a primary orientation. We propose a diagnostic approach considering extra-hematological features, mode of inheritance, morphology, molecular and functional platelets' studies and bone marrow megakaryocyte morphology in order to better target genetic study. Nevertheless, despite this approach, some inherited thrombocytopenias remain still unexplained and could benefit from new methods of new generation sequencing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Baccini
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, hôpital Nord, CHU de Marseille, chemin des Bourrelly, 13015 Marseille, France; Centre de référence des pathologies plaquettaires (CRPP), CHU Timone, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France.
| | - M C Alessi
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, hôpital Nord, CHU de Marseille, chemin des Bourrelly, 13015 Marseille, France; Centre de référence des pathologies plaquettaires (CRPP), CHU Timone, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France
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25
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26
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Favier R, Raslova H. Progress in understanding the diagnosis and molecular genetics of macrothrombocytopenias. Br J Haematol 2015; 170:626-39. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Remi Favier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; U1170; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Villejuif France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Armand Trousseau Children Hospital; French Reference Center for Platelet Disorders; Haematological Laboratory; Paris France
| | - Hana Raslova
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; U1170; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Villejuif France
- Faculté de Médecine; University Paris Saclay and University Paris-Sud 11; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre France
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif France
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27
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Larocca LM, Heller PG, Podda G, Pujol-Moix N, Glembotsky AC, Pecci A, Alberelli MA, Balduini CL, Landolfi R, Cattaneo M, De Candia E. Megakaryocytic emperipolesis and platelet function abnormalities in five patients with gray platelet syndrome. Platelets 2015; 26:751-7. [PMID: 25806575 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2014.994093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The gray platelet syndrome (GPS) is a rare congenital platelet disorder characterized by mild to moderate bleeding diathesis, macrothrombocytopenia and lack of azurophilic α-granules in platelets. Some platelet and megakaryocyte (MK) abnormalities have been described, but confirmative studies of the defects in larger patient cohorts have not been undertaken. We studied platelet function and bone marrow (BM) features in five GPS patients with NBEAL2 autosomal recessive mutations from four unrelated families. In 3/3 patients, we observed a defect in platelet responses to protease-activated receptor (PAR)1-activating peptide as the most consistent finding, either isolated or combined to defective responses to other agonists. A reduction of PAR1 receptors with normal expression of major glycoproteins on the platelet surface was also found. Thrombin-induced fibrinogen binding to platelets was severely impaired in 2/2 patients. In 4/4 patients, the BM biopsy showed fibrosis (grade 2-3) and extensive emperipolesis, with many (36-65%) MKs containing 2-4 leukocytes engulfed within the cytoplasm. Reduced immunolabeling for platelet factor 4 together with normal immunolabeling for CD63 in MKs of two patients demonstrated that GPS MKs display an alpha granule-specific defect. Increased immunolabeling for P-selectin and decreased immunolabeling for PAR1, PAR4 and c-MPL were also observed in MKs of two patients. Marked emperipolesis, specific defect of MK alpha-granule content and defect of PAR1-mediated platelet responses are present in all GPS patients that we could study in detail. These results help to further characterize the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi M Larocca
- a Department of Pathology , Policlinico A. Gemelli, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Paula G Heller
- b Department of Hematology Research , Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Gianmarco Podda
- c Medicina III, Azienda Ospedaliera San Paolo, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Nuria Pujol-Moix
- d Hemostasis and Thrombosis Unit, Department of Medicine , Institut de Recerca Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ana C Glembotsky
- b Department of Hematology Research , Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Alessandro Pecci
- e Department of Internal Medicine , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pava , Italy , and
| | - Maria Adele Alberelli
- f Department of Internal Medicine , Policlinico A. Gemelli, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Roma , Italy
| | - Carlo L Balduini
- e Department of Internal Medicine , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia , Pava , Italy , and
| | - Raffaele Landolfi
- f Department of Internal Medicine , Policlinico A. Gemelli, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Roma , Italy
| | - Marco Cattaneo
- c Medicina III, Azienda Ospedaliera San Paolo, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Erica De Candia
- f Department of Internal Medicine , Policlinico A. Gemelli, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Roma , Italy
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28
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Gray platelet syndrome: proinflammatory megakaryocytes and α-granule loss cause myelofibrosis and confer metastasis resistance in mice. Blood 2014; 124:3624-35. [PMID: 25258341 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-04-566760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NBEAL2 encodes a multidomain scaffolding protein with a putative role in granule ontogeny in human platelets. Mutations in NBEAL2 underlie gray platelet syndrome (GPS), a rare inherited bleeding disorder characterized by a lack of α-granules within blood platelets and progressive bone marrow fibrosis. We present here a novel Nbeal2(-/-) murine model of GPS and demonstrate that the lack of α-granules is due to their loss from platelets/mature megakaryocytes (MKs), and not by initial impaired formation. We show that the lack of Nbeal2 confers a proinflammatory phenotype to the bone marrow MKs, which in combination with the loss of proteins from α-granules drives the development of bone marrow fibrosis. In addition, we demonstrate that α-granule deficiency impairs platelet function beyond their purely hemostatic role and that Nbeal2 deficiency has a protective effect against cancer metastasis.
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29
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Mizuno N, Kanamori E, Saito H, Murakami N, Tojo N, Tohda S. A case of gray platelet syndrome masked by immune thrombocytopenia at presentation. Acta Haematol 2014; 132:163-5. [PMID: 24577417 DOI: 10.1159/000357371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of gray platelet syndrome (GPS) associated with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) at presentation. A 22-year-old male patient presenting with petechiae on his limbs was diagnosed with ITP due to a gradual decrease of his platelet count to a minimum of 26 × 10(9) /liter and an elevated platelet-associated IgG (PA-IgG) level in the absence of any other specific cause of thrombocytopenia. Administration of prednisolone increased his platelet count, but this dropped again to approximately 50 × 10(9) /liter as the dose was tapered, and remained at the same level after the treatment was terminated. Thirteen years later, we reassessed the cause of the thrombocytopenia because the PA-IgG level was found to be within the normal range. There were large hypogranular platelets on the blood film and a deficit of α-granules in the platelets on electron microscopy. On this basis, we diagnosed his thrombocytopenia as GPS. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a GPS case associated with ITP at presentation. This case illustrates the importance of carefully reviewing blood film results in the differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenia.
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30
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Agarwal S. Pseudo-grey platelet syndrome: a rare artifact. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2014; 29:52-4. [PMID: 24426335 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-011-0129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two cases that were identified during routine blood examination, presented an artifact the pseudo-grey platelet syndrome. The platelets from the blood collected with ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) stained poorly on the blood smear and appeared agranular under the microscope. This artifactual anomaly did not occur when samples were collected in vacutainers containing citrate or collected by finger prick. Reports of pseudo-grey platelet syndrome are few, possibly because of the poorly explained and difficult to diagnose phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Jaipur, India ; 2 Ka 15, Jawahar Nagar, Jaipur, 302004 Rajasthan India
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31
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Monteferrario D, Bolar NA, Marneth AE, Hebeda KM, Bergevoet SM, Veenstra H, Laros-van Gorkom BAP, MacKenzie MA, Khandanpour C, Botezatu L, Fransen E, Van Camp G, Duijnhouwer AL, Salemink S, Willemsen B, Huls G, Preijers F, Van Heerde W, Jansen JH, Kempers MJE, Loeys BL, Van Laer L, Van der Reijden BA. A dominant-negative GFI1B mutation in the gray platelet syndrome. N Engl J Med 2014; 370:245-53. [PMID: 24325358 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1308130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The gray platelet syndrome is a hereditary, usually autosomal recessive bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of alpha granules in platelets. We detected a nonsense mutation in the gene encoding the transcription factor GFI1B (growth factor independent 1B) that causes autosomal dominant gray platelet syndrome. Both gray platelets and megakaryocytes had abnormal marker expression. In addition, the megakaryocytes had dysplastic features, and they were abnormally distributed in the bone marrow. The GFI1B mutant protein inhibited nonmutant GFI1B transcriptional activity in a dominant-negative manner. Our studies show that GFI1B, in addition to being causally related to the gray platelet syndrome, is key to megakaryocyte and platelet development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Monteferrario
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences (D.M., A.E.M., S.M.B., H.V., G.H., F.P., W.V.H., J.H.J., B.A.V.R.) and the Departments of Pathology (K.M.H., B.W.), Hematology (B.A.P.L.G., M.A.M., G.H.), Cardiology (A.L.D.), and Human Genetics (S.S., M.J.E.K.), Radboud University Medical Center - all in Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp (N.A.B., E.F., G.V.C., B.L.L., L.V.L.) and the Statua Center for Statistics, University of Antwerp (E.F.), Antwerp, Belgium; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Essen, Germany (C.K., L.B.)
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Cox K, Price V, Kahr WHA. Inherited platelet disorders: a clinical approach to diagnosis and management. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 4:455-72. [DOI: 10.1586/ehm.11.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Rao AK. Inherited platelet function disorders: overview and disorders of granules, secretion, and signal transduction. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2013; 27:585-611. [PMID: 23714313 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Inherited disorders of platelet function are characterized by highly variable mucocutaneous bleeding manifestations. The platelet dysfunction arises by diverse mechanisms, including abnormalities in platelet membrane glycoproteins, granules and their contents, platelet signaling and secretion mechanisms: thromboxane production pathways and in platelet procoagulant activities. Platelet aggregation and secretion studies using platelet-rich plasma currently form the primary basis for the diagnosis of an inherited platelet dysfunction. In most such patients, the molecular and genetic mechanisms are unknown. Management of these patients needs to be individualized; therapeutic options include platelet transfusions, 1-desamino-8d-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP), recombinant factor VIIa, and antifibrinolytic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Koneti Rao
- Hematology Section, Department of Medicine and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Kumar R, Kahr WHA. Congenital thrombocytopenia: clinical manifestations, laboratory abnormalities, and molecular defects of a heterogeneous group of conditions. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2013; 27:465-94. [PMID: 23714308 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Once considered exceptionally rare, congenital thrombocytopenias are increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a reduction in platelet number and a bleeding tendency that may range from very mild to life threatening. Although some of these disorders affect only megakaryocytes and platelets, others involve different cell types and may result in characteristic phenotypic abnormalities. This review elaborates the clinical presentation and laboratory manifestations of common congenital thrombocytopenias in addition to exploring our understanding of the molecular basis of these disorders and therapeutic interventions available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riten Kumar
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will provide an overview of several recent advances in the field of platelet granule biology. RECENT FINDINGS The past few years have witnessed a substantial evolution in our knowledge of platelet granules based on a number of discoveries and new experimental approaches. This article will cover recent studies in five areas. First, the vesicle trafficking pathways responsible for α-granule formation are beginning to be assembled as a result of the characterization of patients with α-granule deficiencies. Second, a revision of our understanding of which SNARE isoforms mediate platelet granule exocytosis has occurred following evaluation of patients with defects in platelet granule exocytosis and the generation of mice lacking specific SNAREs. Third, investigators have begun to establish how cargos are segregated among α-granules and determine whether or not different α-granule subpopulations exist in platelets. Fourth, an unanticipated role for α-granules in platelet spreading has been identified. Fifth, single-cell amperometry has revealed secretion kinetics with submillisecond temporal resolution enabling evaluation of the molecular control of the platelet fusion pore. SUMMARY These new observations reveal a previously unappreciated complexity to platelet granule formation and exocytosis and challenge our earlier notions of how these granules are organized within platelets and contribute to the multitude of physiological activities in which platelets function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Secil Koseoglu
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, BIDMC, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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α-Granules at the BEACH. Blood 2013; 122:3247-8. [PMID: 24203928 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-07-516880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Deppermann C, Nurden P, Nurden AT, Nieswandt B, Stegner D. The Nbeal2(-/-) mouse as a model for the gray platelet syndrome. Rare Dis 2013; 1:e26561. [PMID: 25003009 PMCID: PMC3915564 DOI: 10.4161/rdis.26561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The gray platelet syndrome (GPS) is a rare, autosomal-recessive platelet disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia, large platelets lacking α-granules, and variable bleeding. GPS has been linked to mutations in the neurobeachin-like 2 gene (NBEAL2). We have recently characterized Nbeal2-deficient mice and shown that the absence of Nbeal2 results in defective protein sorting in megakaryocytes (MKs) and impaired α-granule biogenesis, a finding also seen for human MKs. In the mice, the lack of α-granules results in impaired aggregation, defective platelet adhesion to collagen under flow and reduced pro-coagulant activity; findings that translate into defective hemostasis and thrombosis in vivo indicating that α-granule secretion is critical for platelet plug stability. Furthermore, we revealed a role of α-granule proteins in ischemic stroke and wound healing. Thus, Nbeal2-deficient mice recapitulate the hallmarks of human GPS without showing its phenotypic heterogeneity and are a promising model to investigate the (patho-)physiological relevancy of α-granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Deppermann
- University of Würzburg; Department of Experimental Biomedicine; University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center; DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine; Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paquita Nurden
- University of Würzburg; Department of Experimental Biomedicine; University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center; DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine; Würzburg, Germany ; Plateforme Technologique et d'Innovation Biomédicale; Hôpital Xavier Arnozan; Pessac, France
| | - Alan T Nurden
- Plateforme Technologique et d'Innovation Biomédicale; Hôpital Xavier Arnozan; Pessac, France
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- University of Würzburg; Department of Experimental Biomedicine; University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center; DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine; Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Stegner
- University of Würzburg; Department of Experimental Biomedicine; University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center; DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine; Würzburg, Germany ; Department of Neurology; University of Würzburg; Würzburg, Germany
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Frias SY, Johns GS, Van Siclen C. Hypogranular Platelets in a 78-Year-Old Man. Lab Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1309/lm1mo9jsnczfr3po] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Deppermann C, Cherpokova D, Nurden P, Schulz JN, Thielmann I, Kraft P, Vögtle T, Kleinschnitz C, Dütting S, Krohne G, Eming SA, Nurden AT, Eckes B, Stoll G, Stegner D, Nieswandt B. Gray platelet syndrome and defective thrombo-inflammation in Nbeal2-deficient mice. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:69210. [PMID: 23863626 PMCID: PMC4011026 DOI: 10.1172/jci69210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are anuclear organelle-rich cell fragments derived from bone marrow megakaryocytes (MKs) that safeguard vascular integrity. The major platelet organelles, α-granules, release proteins that participate in thrombus formation and hemostasis. Proteins stored in α-granules are also thought to play a role in inflammation and wound healing, but their functional significance in vivo is unknown. Mutations in NBEAL2 have been linked to gray platelet syndrome (GPS), a rare bleeding disorder characterized by macrothrombocytopenia, with platelets lacking α-granules. Here we show that Nbeal2-knockout mice display the characteristics of human GPS, with defective α-granule biogenesis in MKs and their absence from platelets. Nbeal2 deficiency did not affect MK differentiation and proplatelet formation in vitro or platelet life span in vivo. Nbeal2-deficient platelets displayed impaired adhesion, aggregation, and coagulant activity ex vivo that translated into defective arterial thrombus formation and protection from thrombo-inflammatory brain infarction following focal cerebral ischemia. In a model of excisional skin wound repair, Nbeal2-deficient mice exhibited impaired development of functional granulation tissue due to severely reduced differentiation of myofibroblasts in the absence of α-granule secretion. This study demonstrates that platelet α-granule constituents are critically required not only for hemostasis but also thrombosis, acute thrombo-inflammatory disease states, and tissue reconstitution after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Deppermann
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Deya Cherpokova
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paquita Nurden
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan-Niklas Schulz
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ina Thielmann
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Timo Vögtle
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dütting
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Georg Krohne
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabine A. Eming
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alan T. Nurden
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Beate Eckes
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Guido Stoll
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Stegner
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Kamada H, Imai Y, Nakamura M, Ishikawa T, Yamaguchi T. Computational study on thrombus formation regulated by platelet glycoprotein and blood flow shear. Microvasc Res 2013; 89:95-106. [PMID: 23743249 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Thrombogenesis results from the interaction between glycoprotein receptors and their ligands, although a thrombus is affected by multiple factors such as blood flow, platelet interactions, and changes in ligand characteristics. In this study, we propose a platelet adhesion and aggregation model, focusing on the interaction between the glycoprotein receptor and its ligand. First, we conducted thrombogenesis simulations to compare physiological and pathological conditions. The results suggested that simulations of thrombogenesis differed in distribution, volume, and stability of the thrombus based on disorders of platelet adhesion, aggregation, and the activation. For example, distribution and volume were affected by the activation of GPIIb/IIIa with a GPIb/IX/V deficiency. The thrombus was also unstable, but formed from the upstream side of the injured site, with a GPIIb/IIIa deficiency. Second, we investigated thrombogenesis enhanced by the shear-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA) mechanism. The results demonstrated that the degree of SIPA decreased gradually with thrombus growth in a straight vessel. This result suggests that SIPA is a key hemostasis mechanism in an injured healthy arteriole, although it can lead to the formation of an occlusive thrombus in stenosed vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kamada
- School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
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Cattaneo M. Congenital Disorders of Platelet Function. Platelets 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387837-3.00050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Charafeddine AH, Kim EJ, Maynard DM, Yi H, Weaver TA, Gunay-Aygun M, Russell M, Gahl WA, Kirk AD. Platelet-derived CD154: ultrastructural localization and clinical correlation in organ transplantation. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:3143-51. [PMID: 22947105 PMCID: PMC3484197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CD154 is an immunostimulatory ligand for CD40 that markedly influences alloimmunity. Its presence in platelets suggests that its release and subsequent immune effects are driven by trauma and thus could be relevant following organ transplantation. However, the release of platelet derived CD154 and its consequences have not been investigated in a clinical transplant setting. To better characterize the relationship between platelet activation and CD154 release, we investigated CD154 release by platelets obtained from normal individuals, and patients with two genetic defects that influence platelet granule development. Using these unique patient populations and immune-electron microscopy, we confirmed that CD154 was an alpha granule and not a cell surface protein, and thereafter optimized the methods for its in vivo measurement in humans. We then investigated plasma CD154 levels in kidney and liver transplant recipients and found no evidence that CD154 levels fluctuated systemically as a result of kidney or liver transplant procedures. Paradoxically, we found that kidney transplant patients had significantly lower systemic CD154 levels during episodes of rejection. These data suggest that the immune effects of CD154 are likely mediated through local and not systemic mechanisms, and discourage the use of CD154 as a peripheral biomarker in organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugenia J. Kim
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
| | - Dawn M. Maynard
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, 20892
| | | | | | - Meral Gunay-Aygun
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, 20892
- Intramural Office of Rare Diseases, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Maria Russell
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
| | - William A. Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, 20892
| | - Allan D. Kirk
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
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Bottega R, Pecci A, De Candia E, Pujol-Moix N, Heller PG, Noris P, De Rocco D, Podda GM, Glembotsky AC, Cattaneo M, Balduini CL, Savoia A. Correlation between platelet phenotype and NBEAL2 genotype in patients with congenital thrombocytopenia and α-granule deficiency. Haematologica 2012; 98:868-74. [PMID: 23100277 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2012.075861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The gray platelet syndrome is a rare inherited bleeding disorder characterized by macrothrombocytopenia and deficiency of alpha (α)-granules in platelets. The genetic defect responsible for gray platelet syndrome was recently identified in biallelic mutations in the NBEAL2 gene. We studied 11 consecutive families with inherited macrothrombocytopenia of unknown origin and α-granule deficiency. All of them underwent NBEAL2 DNA sequencing and evaluation of the platelet phenotype, including a systematic assessment of the α-granule content by immunofluorescence analysis for α-granule secretory proteins. We identified 9 novel mutations hitting the two alleles of NBEAL2 in 4 probands. They included missense, nonsense and frameshift mutations, as well as nucleotide substitutions that altered the splicing mechanisms as determined at the RNA level. All the individuals with NBEAL2 biallelic mutations showed almost complete absence of platelet α-granules. Interestingly, the 13 individuals assumed to be asymptomatic because carriers of a mutated allele had platelet macrocytosis and significant reduction of the α-granule content. However, they were not thrombocytopenic. In the remaining 7 probands, we did not identify any NBEAL2 alterations, suggesting that other genetic defect(s) are responsible for their platelet phenotype. Of note, these patients were characterized by a lower severity of the α-granule deficiency than individuals with two NBEAL2 mutated alleles. Our data extend the spectrum of mutations responsible for gray platelet syndrome and demonstrate that macrothrombocytopenia with α-granule deficiency is a genetic heterogeneous trait. In terms of practical applications, the screening of NBEAL2 is worthwhile only in patients with macrothrombocytopenia and severe reduction of the α-granules. Finally, individuals carrying one NBEAL2 mutated allele have mild laboratory abnormalities, suggesting that even haploinsufficiency has an effect on platelet phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bottega
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Abstract
Hypogranular platelet disorders in human subjects are relatively rare. They include the gray platelet syndrome, αδ storage pool deficiency, the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, and the white platelet syndrome. Perhaps the rarest of them all is the Medich giant platelet disorder. No additional cases of this condition have been reported since description of the first case in 2004. This study describes two children with thrombocytopenia and giant, hypogranular platelets found shortly after birth. Electron microscopic study of their platelets revealed sheets of membrane wrapped into tubes resembling scrolls. The scroll-like structures were open at both ends and often filled with glycogen particles. The abnormal structures are identical to those found in the initial case. As a result, the disorder can now be referred to as the Medich giant platelet syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Gunning
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Toledo , Toledo, OH , USA
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47
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Genetics of familial forms of thrombocytopenia. Hum Genet 2012; 131:1821-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-012-1215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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48
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Exome sequencing identifies NBEAL2 as the causative gene for gray platelet syndrome. Nat Genet 2011; 43:735-7. [PMID: 21765411 PMCID: PMC3428934 DOI: 10.1038/ng.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gray platelet syndrome (GPS) is a predominantly recessive platelet disorder characterized by a mild thrombocytopenia with large platelets and a paucity of α-granules; these abnormalities cause mostly moderate but in rare cases severe bleeding. We sequenced the exomes of four unrelated cases and identified as the causative gene NBEAL2, a gene with previously unknown function but a member of a gene family involved in granule development. Silencing of nbeal2 in zebrafish abrogated thrombocyte formation.
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49
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NBEAL2 is mutated in gray platelet syndrome and is required for biogenesis of platelet α-granules. Nat Genet 2011; 43:732-4. [PMID: 21765412 PMCID: PMC3154019 DOI: 10.1038/ng.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gray Platelet Syndrome (GPS) is an autosomal recessive bleeding disorder with large platelets that lack α-granules. We found that mutations of NBEAL2 (neurobeachin-like 2), encoding a BEACH/ARM/WD40 domain protein, cause GPS. We demonstrated that human megakaryocytes and platelets express a unique combination of NBEAL2 transcripts. Proteomic analysis of sucrose-gradient subcellular fractions of platelets indicated that NBEAL2 localizes to the dense tubular system (endoplasmic reticulum) in platelets.
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50
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Abstract
Platelets are a remarkable mammalian adaptation that are required for human survival by virtue of their ability to prevent and arrest bleeding. Ironically, however, in the past century, the platelets' hemostatic activity became maladaptive for the increasingly large percentage of individuals who develop age-dependent progressive atherosclerosis. As a result, platelets also make a major contribution to ischemic thrombotic vascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. In this brief review, I provide historical descriptions of a highly selected group of topics to provide a framework for understanding our current knowledge and the trends that are likely to continue into the future of platelet research. For convenience, I separate the eras of platelet research into the "Descriptive Period" extending from ~1880-1960 and the "Mechanistic Period" encompassing the past ~50 years since 1960. We currently are reaching yet another inflection point, as there is a major shift from a focus on traditional biochemistry and cell and molecular biology to an era of single molecule biophysics, single cell biology, single cell molecular biology, structural biology, computational simulations, and the high-throughput, data-dense techniques collectively named with the "omics postfix". Given the progress made in understanding, diagnosing, and treating many rare and common platelet disorders during the past 50 years, I think it appropriate to consider it a Golden Age of Platelet Research and to recognize all of the investigators who have made important contributions to this remarkable achievement..
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry S. Coller
- Laboratory of Blood and Vascular Biology, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, Tel: 212-327-7490, Fax: 212-327-7493
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