Bailoni E, Poolman B. ATP Recycling Fuels Sustainable Glycerol 3-Phosphate Formation in Synthetic Cells Fed by Dynamic Dialysis.
ACS Synth Biol 2022;
11:2348-2360. [PMID:
35377147 PMCID:
PMC9295154 DOI:
10.1021/acssynbio.2c00075]
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Abstract
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The bottom-up construction
of an autonomously growing, self-reproducing
cell represents a great challenge for synthetic biology. Synthetic
cellular systems are envisioned as out-of-equilibrium enzymatic networks
encompassed by a selectively open phospholipid bilayer allowing for
protein-mediated communication; internal metabolite recycling is another
key aspect of a sustainable metabolism. Importantly, gaining tight
control over the external medium is essential to avoid thermodynamic
equilibrium due to nutrient depletion or waste buildup in a closed
compartment (e.g., a test tube). Implementing a sustainable
strategy for phospholipid biosynthesis is key to expanding the cellular
boundaries. However, phospholipid biosynthesis is currently limited
by substrate availability, e.g., of glycerol 3-phosphate,
the essential core of phospholipid headgroups. Here, we reconstitute
an enzymatic network for sustainable glycerol 3-phosphate synthesis
inside large unilamellar vesicles. We exploit the Escherichia
coli glycerol kinase GlpK to synthesize glycerol 3-phosphate
from externally supplied glycerol. We fuel phospholipid headgroup
formation by sustainable l-arginine breakdown. In addition,
we design and characterize a dynamic dialysis setup optimized for
synthetic cells, which is used to control the external medium composition
and to achieve sustainable glycerol 3-phosphate synthesis.
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