PURIFICATION OF ORNITHINE TRANSCARBAMYLASE FROM PEA SEEDLINGS

Comparison of renal ornithine transcarbamylase activities within different chicken breeds

Comparisons were made of the renal ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) activities within different groups of chickens including Japanese native breeds. OTC activities varied markedly within these groups. The Cochin Bantam breed and White Leghorn B line had an especially high activity, about 400 units/g of kidney, in contrast to two Japanese native breeds, Japanese Game (white variety) and Banshuu Gashiwa, and the California Gray breed, which showed a very low activity, the values being almost undetectable. In crossing experiments using the California Gray breed as a tester strain, Cochin Bantam OTC represents a simple autosomal incompletely dominant trait similar to the White Leghorn B line OTC. Kinetic studies using partially purified OTC preparations from the White Leghorn B line and Cochin Bantam breed revealed that both enzymes were identical for a variety of enzymic characteristics. In light of these results, the physiological significance of chick kidney OTC is discussed.

Autosomal genetic control of the activity of a new variant ornithine transcarbamylase in chicken kidney

The mode of inheritance of the gene for chick kidney ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), found previously as a genetic variant, was investigated. White Leghorn B line males homozygous for the allele for the variant OTC gene were selected using the California Gray breed, having a near-absolute deficiency of the enzyme. Then further crosses of the two breeds were made. The mean value of the OTC level of F1 progeny was about 170 units. Chicks from the backcross generation were divided into two groups, of high activity and low activity, in a ratio of 1:1. F2 chicks were divided into three groups: one-fourth of the chicks were classified as a "super high" group, one-half were "high," and the remaining one-fourth were "low"; the mean values for OTC level were 356.7, 196.4, and 15.6 units, respectively. From these results, it was suggested that the variant OTC represents a simple autosomal incompletely dominant trait.