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Manafirad A, Menendez CA, Perez-Lemus GR, Thayumanavan S, de Pablo JJ, Dinsmore AD. Structural and Mechanical Response of Two-Component Photoswitchable Lipid Bilayer Vesicles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:15932-15941. [PMID: 37922483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Optical control of phospholipids is an attractive option for the rapid, reversible, and tunable manipulation of membrane structure and dynamics. Azo-PC, a lipid with an azobenzene group within one acyl chain, undergoes a light-induced trans-to-cis isomerization and thus arises as a powerful tool for manipulating lipid order and dynamics. Here, we report on vesicle-scale micropipette measurements and atomistic simulations to probe the elastic stretching modulus, water permeability, toughness, thickness, and membrane area upon isomerization. We investigated both dynamics and steady-state properties. In pure azo-PC membranes, we found that the molecular area in trans was 16% smaller than that in cis, the membrane's stretching modulus kA was 2.5 ± 0.3 times greater, and the water permeability PW was 3.5 ± 0.5 times smaller. We also studied mixtures of azo-PC with the miscible, unsaturated lipid DOPC. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations show how the membrane thickness, chain order, and correlations across membrane leaflets explain the experimental data. Together, these data show how one rotating bond changes the molecular- and membrane-scale properties. These results will be useful for photopharmacology and for developing new materials whose permeability, elasticity, and toughness may be switched on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Manafirad
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Cintia A Menendez
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Quimica, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Avenida Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Gustavo R Perez-Lemus
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - S Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Juan J de Pablo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Anthony D Dinsmore
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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2
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Advances in Liposome-Encapsulated Phthalocyanines for Photodynamic Therapy. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020305. [PMID: 36836662 PMCID: PMC9965606 DOI: 10.3390/life13020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This updated review aims to describe the current status in the development of liposome-based systems for the targeted delivery of phthalocyanines for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Although a number of other drug delivery systems (DDS) can be found in the literature and have been studied for phthalocyanines or similar photosensitizers (PSs), liposomes are by far the closest to clinical practice. PDT itself finds application not only in the selective destruction of tumour tissues or the treatment of microbial infections, but above all in aesthetic medicine. From the point of view of administration, some PSs can advantageously be delivered through the skin, but for phthalocyanines, systemic administration is more suitable. However, systemic administration places higher demands on advanced DDS, active tissue targeting and reduction of side effects. This review focuses on the already described liposomal DDS for phthalocyanines, but also describes examples of DDS used for structurally related PSs, which can be assumed to be applicable to phthalocyanines as well.
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Guha A, Shaharyar MA, Ali KA, Roy SK, Kuotsu K. Smart and Intelligent Stimuli Responsive Materials: An Innovative Step in Drug Delivery System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2212711906666190723142057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background:
In the field of drug delivery, smart and intelligent approaches have gained
significant attention among researchers in order to improve the efficacy of conventional dosage forms.
Material science has played a key role in developing these intelligent systems that can deliver therapeutic
cargo on-demand. Stimuli responsive material based drug delivery systems have emerged as
one of the most promising innovative tools for site-specific delivery. Several endogenous and exogenous
stimuli have been exploited to devise “stimuli-responsive” materials for targeted drug delivery.
Methods:
For better understanding, these novel systems have been broadly classified into two categories:
Internally Regulated Systems (pH, ionic strength, glucose, enzymes, and endogenous receptors)
and Externally Regulated Systems (Light, magnetic field, electric field, ultrasound, and temperature).
This review has followed a systematic approach through separately describing the design, development,
and applications of each stimuli-responsive system in a constructive manner.
Results:
The development includes synthesis and characterization of each system, which has been discussed
in a structured manner. From advantages to drawbacks, a detailed description has been included
for each smart stimuli responsive material. For a complete review in this niche area of drug delivery,
a wide range of therapeutic applications including recent advancement of these smart materials
have been incorporated.
Conclusion:
From the current scenario to future development, a precise overview of each type of system
has been discussed in this article. In summary, it is expected that researchers working in this novel
area will be highly benefited from this scientific review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Guha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Md. Adil Shaharyar
- Bengal School of Technology, Sugandha, Hooghly, West Bengal-712102, India
| | - Kazi Asraf Ali
- Bengal School of Technology, Sugandha, Hooghly, West Bengal-712102, India
| | - Sanjit Kr. Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ketousetuo Kuotsu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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4
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Uda RM, Yoshikawa Y, Kitaba M, Nishimoto N. Irradiation-induced fusion between giant vesicles and photoresponsive large unilamellar vesicles containing malachite green derivative. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 167:544-549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Bartosz T, Nuno AB, Krzysztof AB, Marta G. Smart microcapsules based on photo-isomerizable moieties. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2015-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Abstract
Externally triggerable drug delivery systems provide a strategy for the delivery of therapeutic agents preferentially to a target site, presenting the ability to enhance therapeutic efficacy while reducing side effects. Light is a versatile and easily tuned external stimulus that can provide spatiotemporal control. Here we will review the use of nanoparticles in which light triggers drug release or induces particle binding to tissues (phototargeting).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Y. Rwei
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Weiping Wang
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- David H. Koch Institutes for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel S. Kohane
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- David H. Koch Institutes for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Barhoumi A, Liu Q, Kohane DS. Ultraviolet light-mediated drug delivery: Principles, applications, and challenges. J Control Release 2015. [PMID: 26208426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
UV light has been extensively employed in drug delivery because of its versatility, ease of manipulation, and ability to induce chemical changes on the therapeutic carrier. Here we review the mechanisms by which UV light affects drug delivery systems. We will present the challenges facing UV-induced drug delivery and some of the proposed solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoune Barhoumi
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; David H. Koch Institutes for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Qian Liu
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; David H. Koch Institutes for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel S Kohane
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; David H. Koch Institutes for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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8
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Kim J. Hydroxyethyl acrylate‐based copolymer‐immobilized liposomes as UV and thermo dual‐triggerable carriers. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Chul Kim
- Department of Medical Biomaterials EngineeringSchool of Medical Science and Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyKangwon National UniversityChuncheonKangwon‐doKorea
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9
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Seo HJ, Cha HJ, Kim TS, Kim JC. Photo-responsive liposomes decorated with hydrophobically modified poly(vinyl alcohol)–coumarin conjugate. J IND ENG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2012.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Leung SJ, Romanowski M. Light-activated content release from liposomes. Am J Cancer Res 2012; 2:1020-36. [PMID: 23139729 PMCID: PMC3493200 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful integration of diagnostic and therapeutic actions at the level of individual cells requires new materials that combine biological compatibility with functional versatility. This review focuses on the development of liposome-based functional materials, where payload release is activated by light. Methods of sensitizing liposomes to light have progressed from the use of organic molecular moieties to the use of metallic plasmon resonant structures. This development has facilitated application of near infrared light for activation, which is preferred for its deep penetration and low phototoxicity in biological tissues. Presented mechanisms of light-activated liposomal content release enable precise in vitro manipulation of minute amounts of reagents, but their use in clinical diagnostic and therapeutic applications will require demonstration of safety and efficacy.
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Fomina N, Sankaranarayanan J, Almutairi A. Photochemical mechanisms of light-triggered release from nanocarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1005-20. [PMID: 22386560 PMCID: PMC3395781 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, a handful of photochemical mechanisms have been applied to a large number of nanoscale assemblies that encapsulate a payload to afford spatio-temporal and remote control over activity of the encapsulated payload. Many of these systems are designed with an eye towards biomedical applications, as spatio-temporal and remote control of bioactivity would advance research and clinical practice. This review covers five underlying photochemical mechanisms that govern the activity of the majority of photoresponsive nanocarriers: 1. photo driven isomerization and oxidation, 2. surface plasmon absorption and photothermal effects, 3. photo driven hydrophobicity changes, 4. photo driven polymer backbone fragmentation and 5. photo driven de-crosslinking. The ways in which these mechanisms have been incorporated into nanocarriers and how they affect release are detailed, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Fomina
- University of California San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Dept. of NanoEngineering, 9500 Gilman Dr. MC 0660, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jagadis Sankaranarayanan
- University of California San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Dept. of NanoEngineering, 9500 Gilman Dr. MC 0660, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adah Almutairi
- University of California San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Dept. of NanoEngineering, 9500 Gilman Dr. MC 0660, La Jolla, CA, USA
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12
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Leung SJ, Kachur XM, Bobnick MC, Romanowski M. Wavelength-Selective Light-Induced Release from Plasmon Resonant Liposomes. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2011; 21:1113-1121. [PMID: 21796268 PMCID: PMC3142818 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201002373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable, spectrally tunable plasmon resonant nanocapsules are created via the deposition of gold onto the surface of 100 nm diameter thermosensitive liposomes. These nanocapsules demonstrate selective release of encapsulated contents upon illumination with light of a wavelength matching their distinct resonance bands, which correspond to 760 and 1210 nm in this study. Spectrally selective release is accomplished through the use of multiple, low intensity laser pulses delivered over a period of less than four minutes, ensuring that illumination affects only the gold-coated liposomes and avoids heating the surrounding media. The result of this illumination scheme for selective release using multiple wavelengths of light is a biologically safe mechanism for realizing drug delivery, microfluidic, and sensor applications.
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13
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Uda RM, Hiraishi E, Ohnishi R, Nakahara Y, Kimura K. Morphological changes in vesicles and release of an encapsulated compound triggered by a photoresponsive Malachite Green leuconitrile derivative. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:5444-5450. [PMID: 20297828 DOI: 10.1021/la904190c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced morphological changes in phosphatidylcholine vesicles are triggered by a Malachite Green leuconitrile derivative dissolved in the lipidic membrane, and are observed at Malachite Green derivative/lipid ratios <5 mol %. This Malachite Green derivative is a photoresponsive compound that undergoes ionization to afford a positive charge on the molecule by UV irradiation. The Malachite Green derivative exhibits amphiphilicity when ionized photochemically, whereas it behaves as a lipophilic compound under dark conditions. Cryo-transmission electron microscopy was used to determine vesicle morphology. The effects of the Malachite Green derivative on vesicles were studied by dynamic light scattering and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Irradiation of vesicles containing the Malachite Green derivative induces nonspherical vesicle morphology, fusion of vesicles, and membrane solubilization, depending on conditions. Furthermore, irradiation of the Malachite Green derivative induces the release of a vesicle-encapsulated compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko M Uda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nara National College of Technology, Yata 22, Yamato-koriyama, Nara 639-1080, Japan
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14
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15
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Patent Briefing. J Microencapsul 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048809064171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Uda RM, Yamashita D, Sakurai Y, Kimura K. Photoinduced increase in vesicle size and role of photoresponsive malachite green leuconitrile derivative in vesicle fusion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:7936-41. [PMID: 17590028 DOI: 10.1021/la700831z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The influence of photoirradiation on vesicles containing a Malachite Green leuconitrile derivative carrying a long alkyl chain, affording photogenerated amphiphilicity, was investigated. The photoresponsive Malachite Green leuconitrile derivative was embedded in the vesicle bilayer of two single-tailed amphiphiles with oppositely charged head groups consisting of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) and sodium octyl sulfate (SOS). Transmission electron microscopy, which was used for observing photoinduced structural change in the vesicles, demonstrated that photoirradiation of the vesicles containing the Malachite Green leuconitrile derivative increased the average size of the vesicle diameter from 116 to 243 nm in the [CTAC]/[SOS] = 0.48 system. The mechanism for vesicle enlargement was studied with fluorescent probe molecules. The photoinduced change in the vesicle size can be explained by the destabilization of the vesicle bilayer, which is perturbed by photogenerated amphiphilicity. In addition, it was shown that the fusion process arising from the destabilized bilayer contributed to the increase in vesicle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko M Uda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nara National College of Technology, Yata 22, Yamato-koriyama, Nara 639-1080, Japan
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17
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Bisby RH, Mead C, Morgan CG. Active Uptake of Drugs into Photosensitive Liposomes and Rapid Release on UV Photolysis ¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)0720057auodip2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Yagai S, Iwashima T, Kishikawa K, Nakahara S, Karatsu T, Kitamura A. Photoresponsive Self-Assembly and Self-Organization of Hydrogen-Bonded Supramolecular Tapes. Chemistry 2006; 12:3984-94. [PMID: 16550621 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembling building blocks that are readily functionalizable and capable of achieving programmed hierarchical organization have enabled us to create various functional nanomaterials. We have previously demonstrated that N,N'-disubstituted 4,6-diaminopyrimidin-2(1 H)-one (DAP), a guanine-cytosine hybridized molecule, is a versatile building block for the creation of tapelike supramolecular polymer species in solution. In the current study, DAP was functionalized with azobenzene side chains. 1H NMR, UV/Vis, and dynamic light scattering studies confirmed the presence of nanometer-scale tapelike supramolecular polymers in alkane solvents at micromolar regimes. At higher concentrations (millimolar regimes), the supramolecular polymers hierarchically organized into lamellar superstructures to form organogels, as shown by X-ray diffraction and polarized optical microscopy. Remarkably, the azobenzene side chains are photoisomerizable even in the supramolecular polymers, owing to their loosely packed state supported by the rigid hydrogen-bonded scaffold, enabling us to establish photocontrollable supramolecular polymerization and higher order organization of the tapelike supramolecular polymers into lamellar superstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiki Yagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
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Abstract
The incorporation of photoswitching molecules into molecular building blocks creates the possibility of photoresponsive self-assemblies in which the self-assembled architecture or self-assembling process can be controlled by external light stimulus. Among the photoswitching molecules, azobenzene has been used most widely by virtue of the large photoinduced changes in its molecular geometry and physical properties. This article reviews how azobenzene can be effectively used to construct the self-assemblies in which supramolecular structure and formation/dissociation can be altered by light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiki Yagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Japan.
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20
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Kuiper JM, Engberts JBFN. H-aggregation of azobenzene-substituted amphiphiles in vesicular membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:1152-60. [PMID: 15803690 DOI: 10.1021/la0358724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical switching has been studied of double-tailed phosphate amphiphiles containing azobenzene units in both tails in aqueous vesicular dispersions and in mixed vesicular systems with 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC). Since the ease of switching depends on the strength of the bilayer packing, particular emphasis has been placed on the occurrence of H-aggregation in the hydrophobic core of the vesicles. UV-vis spectrometry was employed to monitor H-aggregation and showed how this process depends on the ionic strength and on the mode of preparation of the vesicles. Two types of H-aggregates were observed in mixed DOPC vesicles with 5 mol % of azobenzene phosphate: one with lambda(max) at around 300 nm and one with lambda(max) at 305-320 nm. Those with lambda(max) at 300 nm could not be trans-cis photoisomerized, whereas those with lambda(max) at 305-320 nm are more loosely packed and can be photochemically switched. The permeability of the vesicular bilayers, as probed with leakage experiments using calcein as a fluorescent probe, was examined as another measure for the strength of bilayer packing. Leakage occurred only for DOPC vesicles containing more than 20 mol % of azobenzenephosphate, irradiated with UV light to induce trans-cis photoisomerization. We contend that detailed information on bilayer packing will be of crucial importance for fine-tuning the lateral pressure in vesicular membranes with the ultimate aim to steer the opening and closing of mechanosensitive protein channels of large conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Kuiper
- Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Wan Y, Angleson JK, Kutateladze AG. Liposomes from novel photolabile phospholipids: light-induced unloading of small molecules as monitored by PFG NMR. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:5610-1. [PMID: 12010013 DOI: 10.1021/ja016874i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A molecular dithiane-based approach to synthesis of novel photolabile phospholipids is developed. These lipids are used in formulations with egg-POPC and cholesterol to prepare light-sensitive liposomes. Irradiation of such liposomes in PBS buffer (medium pressure mercury lamp, Pyrex filter, lambda > 300 nm) significantly increases the bilayer permeability and accelerates the release of entrapped small organic molecules by an order of magnitude. A simple assay, based on (1)H or (19)F PFG NMR measurements of diffusion coefficients, is developed to monitor light-induced unloading of the probe molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqin Wan
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, USA
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Bisby RH, Mead C, Morgan CG. Wavelength-programmed solute release from photosensitive liposomes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 276:169-73. [PMID: 11006101 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine containing a photochromic lipid "Bis-Azo PC" release entrapped solutes on exposure to UV light. We have now demonstrated that on addition of cholesterol (up to 25 mol%) to the liposomal membrane the liposomes also release their contents in response to visible light in the region of 470 nm, to which liposomes lacking steroid are insensitive. In a mixed population of liposomes prepared with and without cholesterol, this enables wavelength-dependent release of entrapped solutes on sequential exposure to visible and UV light. Furthermore, the cholesterol-containing liposomes allow stepped partial release of entrapped solute following multiple periods of short visible illumination. It is suggested that the cholesterol-containing liposomes may be potentially useful for drug delivery and for "caging" of reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Bisby
- Division of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, United Kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Drummond
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, 94115, San Francisco, CA, USA
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24
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Bisby RH, Mead C, Morgan CG. Active uptake of drugs into photosensitive liposomes and rapid release on UV photolysis. Photochem Photobiol 2000; 72:57-61. [PMID: 10911729 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)072<0057:auodip>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes containing high concentrations of the anticancer drug doxorubicin, prepared by active-loading techniques, have been intensively investigated as potential agents for chemotherapy. The present study investigates the possibility of active uptake and photoinduced release of such solutes from liposomes incorporating a photoisomerizable lipid. The active loading of acridine orange and doxorubicin was investigated using liposomes containing entrapped ammonium sulfate. The liposomes were prepared with dipalmitoyl-L-alpha-phosphatidyl choline (DPPC) and a photochromic lipid, (1,2-(4'-n-butylphenyl)azo-4'-(gamma-phenylbutyroyl))-glycero-3- phosphocholine (Bis-Azo PC), which isomerizes on exposure to near-UV light with resulting changes in membrane permeability to solutes. The rate of loading of the vesicles below the phase transition temperature of DPPC was investigated as a function of Bis-Azo PC and cholesterol concentrations in the liposome. The rate of doxorubicin uptake was found to be greatly decreased in the presence of cholesterol, while below 30 degrees C the rate of acridine orange uptake was increased in the presence of cholesterol. On exposure to a single UV laser pulse, actively loaded acridine orange was rapidly released from liposomes containing Bis-Azo PC at a rate similar to that found for the indicator dye calcein. However while cholesterol had previously been shown to greatly enhance the rate of photo-induced calcein leakage, it had no significant effect on the rate of acridine orange release. After active loading into DPPC vesicles containing Bis-Azo PC, doxorubicin was also released after exposure to a single laser pulse, but at a rate slower than for acridine orange and calcein. The difference in behavior between these systems is ascribed to the interactions of acridine orange and doxorubicin with the liposome bilayer. Photoinduced release of pharmacologically active materials from sensitized liposomes might provide a useful adjunct or alternative to conventional photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Bisby
- Division of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Salford, UK.
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Bisby RH, Mead C, Morgan CG. Photosensitive liposomes as 'cages' for laser-triggered solute delivery: the effect of bilayer cholesterol on kinetics of solute release. FEBS Lett 1999; 463:165-8. [PMID: 10601660 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)01612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes containing acyl chains incorporating azobenzene chromophores have been investigated as potential 'caging' agents for fast solute release. On photolysis, trapped marker dye can be released from gel-phase liposomes within milliseconds. Solute release is markedly sensitive to the presence of cholesterol in the bilayer. Phospholipids bearing one saturated acyl chain and an azobenzene-substituted chain are ineffective as sensitisers unless cholesterol is present, while doubly substituted phospholipids sensitise release in its absence. Cholesterol markedly affects the temperature profile of solute release depending on the host phospholipid chain length. Solute release is not seen for lipid hosts with unsaturated acyl chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Bisby
- Biosciences Division, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Peel Building, Salford, UK
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Bisby RH, Mead C, Mitchell AC, Morgan CG. Fast laser-induced solute release from liposomes sensitized with photochromic lipid: effects of temperature, lipid host, and sensitizer concentration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 262:406-10. [PMID: 10462488 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes of gel-phase phospholipid have been prepared containing a photochromic lipid sensitizer. A fast UV laser pulse isomerizes the sensitizer destabilizing the lipid bilayer structure and causing release of trapped solute. The kinetics of solute release have been investigated as a function of host lipid chain length, sensitizer concentration, and temperature, and the limits of liposome stability have been established. At low concentrations of sensitizer, pulsed laser irradiation induces some solute release when continuous UV illumination is ineffective. Although rates of solute release usually increase with temperature, at low sensitizer concentration in a rigid host, leakage at first increases but then decreases rapidly above a threshold temperature. The results presented are relevant to the design of photostimulated drug delivery systems and to potential applications of photosensitive liposomes as caging agents for biological effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Bisby
- Science Research Institute, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, United Kingdom.
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Yamaguchi K, Tsuda Y, Shimakage TA, Kusumi A. Syntheses of Phospholipids Containing 2-Nitrobenzyl Ester Moieties at the Terminals of Alkyl Chains and Properties of Photodegradable Liposomes from the Lipids. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1998. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.71.1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Song X, Perlstein J, Whitten DG. Supramolecular Aggregates of Azobenzene Phospholipids and Related Compounds in Bilayer Assemblies and Other Microheterogeneous Media: Structure, Properties, and Photoreactivity1. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja971291n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Morgan CG, Bisby RH, Johnson SA, Mitchell AC. Fast solute release from photosensitive liposomes: an alternative to 'caged' reagents for use in biological systems. FEBS Lett 1995; 375:113-6. [PMID: 7498457 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)01193-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of release of soluble marker trapped in liposomes of gel phase phospholipid containing a photoisomerisable phospholipid analogue have been investigated. Marker release is triggered by UV laser flash photolysis at 355 nm. A markedly temperature-dependent release rate is seen, and above 25 degrees C millisecond release kinetics can be achieved. These results suggest that such liposomes might find application as an alternative to conventional 'caged' reagents for photo-triggered reagent release in biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Morgan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Salford, UK
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Morgan CG, Yianni YP, Sandhu SS, Mitchell AC. Liposome fusion and lipid exchange on ultraviolet irradiation of liposomes containing a photochromic phospholipid. Photochem Photobiol 1995; 62:24-9. [PMID: 7638269 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1995.tb05233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A photochromic phospholipid, 1,2-bis[4-4(4-n-butylphenylazo) phenylbutyroyl] phosphatidylcholine (Bis-Azo PC) has been incorporated into liposomes of gel- and liquid-crystalline- phase phospholipids. Liposomes of gel-phase phospholipid are stable in the presence of the trans photostationary state Bis-Azo PC and can encapsulate fluorescent marker dye. On photoisomerization to the cis photostationary state, trapped marker is rapidly released. Liposomes containing Bis-Azo PC can rapidly fuse together after UV isomerization, this process continuing in the dark. Exposure to white light causes reversion of Bis-Azo Pc to the trans form and halts dye leakage and vesicle fusion. Both unilamellar and multilamellar liposomes are able to fuse together on UV exposure. On UV photolysis, liposomes containing Bis-Azo PC do not fuse with a large excess of unlabeled liposomes, but transfer of Bis-Azo PC can be demonstrated spectrophotometrically. Vesicles of pure gel-phase lipid containing trapped marker dye but initially no Bis-Azo PC become leaky as a result of this lipid transfer. Liposomes composed of liquid-crystalline-phase phosphatidylcholine- containing Bis-Azo PC neither leak trapped marker no fuse together on photolysis, nor do liquid-crystalline-phase liposomes fuse with gel-phase liposomes under these conditions. These results are discussed together with some possible applications of liposome photodestabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Morgan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Salford, UK
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Hoebeke M. The importance of liposomes as models and tools in the understanding of photosensitization mechanisms. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 1995; 28:189-96. [PMID: 7623183 DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(95)07132-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The various applications of liposomes in understanding photosensitization are described in this paper, with particular emphasis on the various kinds of information that these models allow to obtain in phototherapy. Liposomes are simple vesicles in which an aqueous phase is enclosed by a phospholipidic membrane. They are suitable models mimicking specific situations occurring in vivo and they allow study of the influence of physicochemical, photobiological and biochemical factors on the uptake of photosensitizers by tissues, their mechanisms of action and the subsequent photoinduced tumor necrosis. Moreover, solubilization of the sensitizer into the bilayer seems to improve its tumoral selectivity and its photodynamic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hoebeke
- Laboratory of Experimental Physics, University of Liège, Belgium
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Wu LM, Guo FL, Liu ZL, Zhang YL, Jia XQ, Liu YC. Antioxidant activity of lipophilic vitamin c derivative in dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles — A stopped-flow esr kinetic study. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 1993. [DOI: 10.1163/156856793x00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bisby RH, Morgan CG, Munro LH. Control of pro-oxidant activity of cupric ions by entrapment in unilamellar lipid vesicles. FREE RADICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 1992; 16:65-71. [PMID: 1516849 DOI: 10.3109/10715769209049160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As a demonstration of a potential means of delivering and controlling the biochemical and biological activity of metal ions, cupric ions have been trapped in unilamellar phospholipid vesicles. The activity of these cupric ion-containing vesicles as catalysts of the autoxidation of ascorbate and epinephrine has been investigated. A marked increase in autoxidation rate was observed on release of the cupric ion on addition of detergent. When an azobenzene-containing photochromic lipid was incorporated in the bilayer membrane of the vesicles, the release of cupric ions could be initiated by irradiation with ultraviolet light. In the dark, these vesicles remained stable for at least several weeks. Photo-controlled release of liposomally-entrapped species might find application in areas similar to those where 'caged' reagents are presently used.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Bisby
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Salford, UK
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