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Managuli RS, Wang JTW, Faruqu FM, Pandey A, Jain S, Al-Jamal KT, Mutalik S. Surface engineered nanoliposomal platform for selective lymphatic uptake of asenapine maleate: In vitro and in vivo studies. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 109:110620. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
Early researchers focussed on developing stimuli-responsive liposomes in order to manipulate drug release at the site of action or under certain conditions. In recent times, a great deal of efforts has been made to modify the surface of liposomes with ligands for the purpose of achieving targeted drug delivery. Due to the morphology of liposomes, their surfaces can be engineered by attaching molecules such as oligosaccharides, peptides, antibodies, antigens and oligonucleotides to the bilayer structure. Over the years, a number of techniques including the use of covalent and non-covalent linkages have been utilised in designing ligand-liposome conjugates. In this review, various strategies for the functionalisation of liposomes as well as the different types of ligand-liposome conjugates have been discussed. Finally, the pros and cons of conjugation in liposomes are concisely summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- İpek Eroğlu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mamudu İbrahim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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Wang L, Jiang R, Liu Y, Cheng M, Wu Q, Sun XL. Recombinant and chemo-/bio-orthogonal synthesis of liposomal thrombomodulin and its antithrombotic activity. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 124:445-451. [PMID: 28694021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM) is an endothelial cell membrane protein that acts as a major cofactor in the protein C anticoagulant pathway. The EGF-like domains 4-6 of TM (TM456) are essential for PC activation. In this study, we proposed a liposomal recombinant TM conjugate to mimic the membrane TM structure and its anticoagulant activity. First, a DSPE-PEG2000-TM456 was successfully synthesized by site-specific conjugation of azido-TM456 with DSPE-PEG2000-DBCO via copper-free click chemistry quantitatively. Then, liposome-TM456 was fabricated via direct liposome formation with the DSPE-PEG2000-TM456 and other lipids. This liposomal formulation of TM456 retained protein C activation activity as that of TM456. Also, liposome-TM456 was much more stable and had a longer plasma half-life than TM456 and DSPE-PEG2000-TM456, respectively. Moreover, liposome-TM456 showed in vivo anticoagulant effect by decreasing the mortality from 80% to 20% in a thrombin-induced thromboembolism mouse model. The reported liposome-TM456 conjugate mimics the endothelial TM anticoagulation activity and may serve as an effective anticoagulant agent candidate for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation of Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd, Shenhe Qu, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation of Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA; College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Rd, Heping Qu, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation of Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd, Shenhe Qu, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd, Shenhe Qu, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xue-Long Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation of Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA.
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van der Meulen SAJ, Helms G, Dogterom M. Solid colloids with surface-mobile linkers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:233101. [PMID: 25993272 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/23/233101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this report we review the possibilities of using colloids with surface mobile linkers for the study of colloidal self-assembly processes. A promising route to create systems with mobile linkers is the use of lipid (bi-)layers. These lipid layers can be either used in the form of vesicles or as coatings for hard colloids and emulsion droplets. Inside the lipid bilayers molecules can be inserted via membrane anchors. Due to the fluidity of the lipid bilayer, the anchored molecules remain mobile. The use of different lipid mixtures even allows creating Janus-like particles that exhibit directional bonding if linkers are used which have a preference for a certain lipid phase. In nature mobile linkers can be found e.g. as receptors in cells. Therefore, towards the end of the review, we also briefly address the possibility of using colloids with surface mobile linkers as model systems to mimic cell-cell interactions and cell adhesion processes.
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Santos H, Bimbo L, Das Neves J, Sarmento B, INEB. Nanoparticulate targeted drug delivery using peptides and proteins. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012. [DOI: 10.1533/9780857096449.2.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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6
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Receptor-Specific Targeting with Liposomes In Vitro Based on Sterol-PEG1300 Anchors. Pharm Res 2008; 26:529-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Soria MR, Loughrey H, Ferraretto A, Cannon AM, Acerbis G, Sudati F, Bottiroli G, Masserini M. Targeting Applications of Biotinylated Liposomes. J Liposome Res 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/08982109309150737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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8
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Longman SA, Cullis PR, Bally MB. A model approach for assessing liposome targetingin vivo. Drug Deliv 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/10717549509031365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Redelmeier TE, Guillet JGÉR, Ballyt MB. High-affinity targeting of biotin-labeled liposomes to streptavidin-conjugated ligands. Drug Deliv 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/10717549509031357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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10
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Winger TM, Ludovice PJ, Chaikof EL. Purification of Synthetic Lipopeptide Conjugates by Liquid Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079508013749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Winger
- a School of Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia , 30332
| | - P. J. Ludovice
- a School of Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia , 30332
| | - E. L. Chaikof
- a School of Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia , 30332
- b Department of Surgery , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia , 30322
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Xiao Z, McQuarrie SA, Suresh MR, Mercer JR, Gupta S, Miller GG. A three-step strategy for targeting drug carriers to human ovarian carcinoma cells in vitro. J Biotechnol 2002; 94:171-84. [PMID: 11796170 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(01)00424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To improve tumor-to-tissue ratios of anticancer agents in radioimmunotherapy, a three-step targeting approach was used to deliver biotinylated liposomes to human ovarian cancer cells (NIH:OVCAR-3, SK-OV-3) in vitro. Targeting was based upon the use of two antibodies specific for the CA-125 antigen that is highly expressed on NIH:OVCAR-3 cells but not expressed on SK-OV-3 cells. Briefly, the approach consists of prelabeling target cells with biotinylated anti-CA-125 antibody and FITC-labeled streptavidin (SAv) prior to administration of biotinylated liposomes containing a marker dye for visualization by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). In addition, the two anti-CA-125 antibodies (B27.1 and B43.13) were labeled with FITC and incubated with ovarian cancer cells at 37 degrees C from 30 min to 24 h to study binding and uptake kinetics. Shedding kinetics of bound antibody from tumor cells was performed using radiolabeled B27.1. Results demonstrated that both B27.1 and B43.13 specifically bound to the cell surface of OVCAR-3 cells but not to SK-OV-3 cells. Biotinylation, FITC-labeling and radiolabeling of the antibodies did not compromise immunoreactivity. Less than 6% of the bound B27.1 was shed from tumor cells by 4 h following incubation, and the antibody-antigen complex resided predominantly on the cell surface by 4 h at 37 degrees C with slow internalization by 12-24 h. Biotinylated, conventional liposomes were specifically and effectively delivered to OVCAR-3 cells prelabeled with biotinylated B27.1 and SAv. The slow internalization and shedding properties of these antibodies are useful for multistep pretargeting methods. Thus, a modified targeting strategy, utilizing a bispecific antibody and liposomes, may be feasible for radioimmunoliposomal therapy of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xiao
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Alta., T6G 2N8, Edmonton, Canada
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Oja C, Tardi P, Schutze-Redelmeier M, Cullis PR. Doxorubicin entrapped within liposome-associated antigens results in a selective inhibition of the antibody response to the linked antigen. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1468:31-40. [PMID: 11018649 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(00)00178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The generation of an immune response can dramatically alter the circulation lifetime of a targeted liposome, particularly when the response is generated against the surface-coupled ligand. Following repeated administrations, rapid elimination of the carrier system is observed, thereby limiting potential applications for targeted liposomes in a therapeutic setting. In this study, we have investigated whether the encapsulation of a toxic drug within the carrier could prevent an immune response against a surface-bound protein. Liposome clearance and humoral immune response were monitored throughout multiple administrations of liposomes containing doxorubicin with surface-conjugated ovalbumin. The results show that low doses of encapsulated doxorubicin can prevent humoral immunity against repeated administration of liposomes conjugated with ovalbumin. The immunosuppressive effect was specific for the ovalbumin coupled to the liposome surface. This selective suppression of immunity against a surface conjugated protein could prove advantageous for safe repeated administration of protein containing liposomal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Oja
- Liposome Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of British Columbia, 2146 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Abstract
This review examines methods of protein conjugation onto liposomes and the effects of surface bound protein on the liposomes' biological behavior. It is evident that the presence of a conjugated protein significantly alters the attributes of targeted liposomes. Specifically, protein conjugation can result in dramatic increases in liposome size, enhanced immunogenicity, and increased plasma elimination. Techniques are discussed for preventing some of the physical (size) and biological (immunogenic) alterations involving the use of PEG-lipids and drug loaded liposomes. In addition, the advantages of conjugating antibodies via carbohydrate moieties, to minimize changes in antibody binding and tertiary structure as well as effectively decreasing plasma elimination, are also discussed. It is, however, apparent that the accessibility of targeted liposomes to extravascular sites is a key step that will require further study and it is, therefore, anticipated that with the development of novel ligands and novel ligand-liposome interactions, the therapeutic utility of targeting strategies will likely be realized.
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Abstract
Various aspects of the application of liposomes as a label in immunoassays are reviewed. Methods for the preparation of liposomes, from the basic film method to the more advanced dehydration-rehydration method, are discussed. Furthermore, the markers used in liposome labels, as well as the methods to conjugate liposomes to antigens or antibodies, are summarized. Liposome immunoassays are applied as homogeneous or heterogeneous assays. Homogeneous assays often rely on the lytic activity of complement on antibody-associated liposomes. Another group of homogeneous assays utilizes the inhibitory action of antibodies on the activity of conjugates of mellitin (a bee venom protein) with a hapten. Free mellitin conjugates are able to lyse liposomes effectively. Heterogeneous liposome immunoassays, performed either competitively or non-competitively, resemble more closely standard enzyme linked immunosorbent assays, with the enzyme being replaced by a liposome label. Washing steps are used to separate antigen-specifically bound liposomes from unbound liposomes. All bound liposomes are lysed with a detergent, giving an instantaneous amplification. Flow-injection liposome immunoassays and liposome immunosensors are also described as examples of other possible immunoassay formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Rongen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Utrecht University, Netherlands.
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Porcar I, García R, Soria V, Campos A. Macromolecules in ordered media: 5. Poly(4-vinyl pyridine)—liposome association induced by electrostatic interactions. POLYMER 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(96)00916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shahinian S, Silvius JR. A novel strategy affords high-yield coupling of antibody Fab' fragments to liposomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1995; 1239:157-67. [PMID: 7488620 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(95)00145-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A new assay for the production of reactive sulfhydryl-bearing antibody Fab' fragments has been utilized to develop conditions affording high efficiencies of coupling of mouse and rabbit IgG-derived Fab' fragments to lipid vesicles containing maleimidyl-functionalized phospholipids. Cysteine and mercaptoethylamine, but not dithiothreitol, reduce antibody F(ab')2 to Fab' fragments in very good yields under conditions where overreduction to heavy and light chains is minimized. Surprisingly, however, a large fraction of the Fab' fragments generated under these conditions can lack maleimide-reactive sulfhydryl groups, as demonstrated using a maleimidyl-poly(ethylene glycol) conjugate to shift selectively the electrophoretic mobility of the reactive sulfhydryl-bearing Fab' fragments. After modification of F(ab')2 reduction conditions specifically to maximize the yield of the latter fraction, it is possible to achieve high and very reproducible coupling of functional Fab' fragments to liposomes (equivalent to coupling of ca. 70% of total input protein and almost 100% of the reactive sulfhydryl-bearing Fab' fraction). A novel phospholipid-poly(ethylene glycol)-maleimide 'anchor' allows particularly efficient coupling of Fab' fragments to liposomes, even using relatively low liposome concentrations and molar percentages of the liposome-incorporated 'anchor' species. These results demonstrate that with appropriate optimization of the conditions for Fab' production and liposome coupling, Fab' fragments can be coupled to liposomes with efficiencies comparable to or exceeding those reported for coupling of intact antibodies. These results should facilitate the wider use of Fab' fragments as a potentially advantageous alternative to intact antibodies for liposomal targeting in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shahinian
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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17
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Rongen H, van Nierop T, van der Horst H, Rombouts R, van der Meide P, Bult A, van Bennekom W. Biotinylated and streptavidinylated liposomes as labels in cytokine immunoassays. Anal Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(95)00014-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Longman SA, Cullis PR, Choi L, de Jong G, Bally MB. A two-step targeting approach for delivery of doxorubicin-loaded liposomes to tumour cells in vivo. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1995; 36:91-101. [PMID: 7767956 DOI: 10.1007/bf00689191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A two-step targeting approach was used to deliver doxorubicin-loaded liposomes to a murine tumour cell (P388 leukaemia) grown in culture and, more importantly, in vivo. Targeting was mediated through the use of an antibody specific for the Thy 1.2 antigen that is highly expressed on P388 cells. Briefly, the approach consists of prelabeling target cells with biotinylated anti-Thy 1.2 antibody prior to administration of drug-loaded liposomes that have streptavidin covalently attached to their surface. Results from in vitro studies demonstrate that a 30-fold increase in cell-associated lipid and a 20-fold increase in cell-associated doxorubicin can be achieved over control liposomes using this two-step procedure. Flow-cytometry and fluorescent-microscopy data were used to confirm that P388 cells can be stably labeled with the biotinylated anti-Thy 1.2 antibody in vivo. Subsequently, liposome-targeting studies were initiated in vivo, where target cell binding was assessed following i.p. or i.v. injection of doxorubicin-loaded liposomes into animals bearing P388 tumours prelabeled with biotinylated antibody. A streptavidin-mediated 3.7-fold increase in cell-associated lipid and drug was achieved when the liposomes were given i.p. When doxorubicin-loaded streptavidin liposomes were injected i.v., P388 cells located in the peritoneal cavity were specifically labeled, although the efficiency of this targeting reaction was low. Less than a 2-fold increase in cell-associated lipid was achieved through the use of target-specific (streptavidin-coated) liposomes. These studies demonstrate that the presence of a well-labeled target cell population within the peritoneal cavity will not promote accumulation of an i.v. injected, targeted liposomal drug. Furthermore, the importance of separating target-cell-specific binding from non-specific uptake by tumour-associated macrophages is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Longman
- University of British Columbia, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, Canada
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Corley P, Loughrey HC. Binding of biotinated-liposomes to streptavidin is influenced by liposome composition. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1195:149-56. [PMID: 7918557 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(94)90021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We describe an 'in vitro' assay which allows rapid quantification of the binding of biotinated-vesicles to streptavidin immobilised on microtitre plates by estimating levels of a liposome encapsulated fluorescent molecule, rhodamine 123. It is shown that optimal vesicle binding to streptavidin occurs when a six carbon biotin spacer arm derivative of distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (biotin-X-DSPE) is incorporated in liposomes. This alleviates steric hindrance arising due to the inclusion of small amounts of large bulky amphiphiles such as monosialoganglioside (GM1, 5 mol%) in vesicles. In contrast the ability of liposomes containing poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives of DSPE (PEG2000-DSPE, 5 mol%) to bind streptavidin was only marginally better when biotin-X-DSPE was substituted for biotin-DSPE in vesicles. It is further shown that amounts of biotinated-vesicles bound to streptavidin were minimally influenced by the fluidity of the liposome preparation when assayed at 4 degrees C. However, at elevated temperatures (37 degrees C) lipid estimates as determined by vesicle entrapped rhodamine 123 were low due to leakage of this marker from vesicles. This was shown by comparing amounts of biotinated-liposomes bound to streptavidin coated plates using the lipid marker [3H]cholesteryl hexadecyl ether to estimates determined by vesicle entrapped rhodamine 123. The 'in vitro' assay protocol described here is a general method applicable in the optimisation of other targeting protocols. In conclusion our work suggests that liposomes containing GM1 and the spacer arm derivative biotin-X-DSPE bind optimally to immobilised streptavidin which should aid in the use of biotinated-liposomes in 'in vivo' targeted delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Corley
- Department of Biochemistry, University College Galway, Ireland
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Chiruvolu S, Walker S, Israelachvili J, Schmitt FJ, Leckband D, Zasadzinski JA. Higher order self-assembly of vesicles by site-specific binding. Science 1994; 264:1753-6. [PMID: 8209255 DOI: 10.1126/science.8209255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The association of lipid molecules into spherical vesicles in solution as a result of non-specific intermolecular forces constitutes a primary self-assembly process. Such vesicles can undergo a secondary self-assembly into higher order structures in a controlled and reversible manner by means of site-specific ligand-receptor (biotin-streptavidin) coupling. Cryoelectron microscopy shows these structures to be composed of tethered, rather than adhering, vesicles in their original, unstressed state. In contrast, vesicles aggregated by nonspecific, such as van der Waals, forces are deformed and stressed, producing unstable structures. Vesicle association by site-specific binding provides a practical mechanism for the production of stable, yet controllable, microstructured biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chiruvolu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106
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Loughrey HC, Ferraretto A, Cannon AM, Acerbis G, Sudati F, Bottiroli G, Masserini M, Soria MR. Characterisation of biotinylated liposomes for in vivo targeting applications. FEBS Lett 1993; 332:183-8. [PMID: 8405439 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(93)80509-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes containing monosialoganglioside (GM1) or polyethylene glycol (PEG) lipid derivatives have prolonged circulation in the blood. This favours liposome extravasation to tumour sites. In this report it is shown that inclusion of GM1, PEG550-DPPE or PEG2000-DPPE in liposomes containing biotin-DPPE significantly diminished the ability of vesicles to bind to streptavidin in vitro. Steric inhibition due to the bulky head group of these lipids was least for biotin-DPPE liposomes containing GM1. Biodistribution studies in C26 tumour-bearing mice showed that GM1-liposomes containing small amounts of biotin-DPPE have long circulation life-times in the blood. Using fluorescent microscopic techniques, liposomes containing both GM1 and biotin-DPPE were detected within extra-vascular spaces in tumours. In addition it was shown that biotin-DPPE in GM1-liposomes bound streptavidin in situ. These results suggest that GM1-liposomes containing biotin-DPPE have potential use as diagnostic or therapeutic reagents in pre-targeting applications dependent on the high-affinity interaction of biotin with streptavidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Loughrey
- Department of Biochemistry, University College Galway, Ireland
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23
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Goodwin RH. Replacement of vertebrate serum with lipids and other factors in the culture of invertebrate cells, tissues, parasites, and pathogens. IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE TISSUE CULTURE ASSOCIATION 1991; 27A:470-8. [PMID: 1869488 DOI: 10.1007/bf02631147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Culture medium supplementation with vertebrate serum results in the selection of fibroblastoid insect cell lines and a general decline during continuous subculturing of both morphologic and functional differentiation of the surviving cells. Essential lipid mixtures can substitute for vertebrate serum in the culture of insect and some vertebrate cells, tissues, parasites, and pathogens. The provision of sterols and essential (with nonessential) polyunsaturated fatty acids as phospholipids in oxidation-protected peptoliposomes or proteoliposomes allows cells in culture to duplicate in vivo specific membranes more accurately. Such lipid-corrected membranes allow cultured cells to communicate with neighboring cells through the extracellular matrix, effectively transmit hormonal signals directly and via receptor control, and respond with various tissue-specific functions and differentiation states as directed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Goodwin
- USDA/ARS, Montana State University, Bozeman 59717
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