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Tarullo SE, Hill RC, Hansen KC, Behbod F, Borges VF, Nelson AC, Lyons TR. Postpartum breast cancer progression is driven by semaphorin 7a-mediated invasion and survival. Oncogene 2020; 39:2772-2785. [PMID: 32020054 PMCID: PMC7103487 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Young women diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) have poor prognosis due to increased rates of metastasis. In addition, women diagnosed within 10 years of most recent childbirth are approximately three times more likely to develop metastasis than age- and stage-matched nulliparous women. We define these cases as postpartum BC (PPBC) and propose that the unique biology of the postpartum mammary gland drives tumor progression. Our published results revealed roles for SEMA7A in breast tumor cell growth, motility, invasion, and tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis, all of which are also increased in preclinical models of PPBC. However, whether SEMA7A drives progression in PPBC remains largely unexplored. Our results presented herein show that silencing of SEMA7A decreases tumor growth in a model of PPBC, while overexpression is sufficient to increase growth in nulliparous hosts. Further, we show that SEMA7A promotes multiple known drivers of PPBC progression including tumor-associated COX-2 expression and fibroblast-mediated collagen deposition in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, we show for the first time that SEMA7A-expressing cells deposit fibronectin to promote tumor cell survival. Finally, we show that co-expression of SEMA7A/COX-2/FN predicts for poor prognosis in breast cancer patient cohorts. These studies suggest SEMA7A as a key mediator of BC progression, and that targeting SEMA7A may open avenues for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Tarullo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Young Women's BC Translational Program, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ryan C Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Fariba Behbod
- Division of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Virginia F Borges
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Young Women's BC Translational Program, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Andrew C Nelson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Traci R Lyons
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Young Women's BC Translational Program, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Wong TY, Preston LA, Schiller NL. ALGINATE LYASE: review of major sources and enzyme characteristics, structure-function analysis, biological roles, and applications. Annu Rev Microbiol 2001; 54:289-340. [PMID: 11018131 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.micro.54.1.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alginate lyases, characterized as either mannuronate (EC 4.2.2.3) or guluronate lyases (EC 4.2.2.11), catalyze the degradation of alginate, a complex copolymer of alpha-L-guluronate and its C5 epimer beta-D-mannuronate. Lyases have been isolated from a wide range of organisms, including algae, marine invertebrates, and marine and terrestrial microorganisms. This review catalogs the major characteristics of these lyases, the methods for analyzing these enzymes, as well as their biological roles. Analysis of primary sequence data identifies some markedly conserved motifs that should help elucidate functional domains. Information about the three-dimensional structure of a mannuronate lyase from Sphingomonas sp., combined with various mutagenesis studies, has identified residues that are important for catalytic activity in several lyases. Characterization of alginate lyases will enhance and expand the use of these enzymes to engineer novel alginate polymers for applications in various industrial, agricultural, and medical fields. In this review, we explore both past and present applications of this important enzyme and discuss its future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Wong
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
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