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Anyetei-Anum EN, Blum A, Seidah NG, Beinfeld MC. Prohormone convertase 7 is necessary for the normal processing of cholecystokinin in mouse brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:1190-1193. [PMID: 27923657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Endoproteases in the secretory pathway process pro-cholecystokinin (CCK) into the biologically active forms found in the tissues that express CCK mRNA. Thus far, the endoproteases involved in CCK processing include cathepsin L and the prohormone convertases (PC) 1, 2, and 5. This study finds that PC7 is also critical for normal production of CCK in specific areas of the brain. Loss of PC7 results in decreased levels of CCK in more brain regions than any other endoprotease studied to date. Substantial decreases in brain levels of CCK are found in the prefrontal, frontal, parietal-insular-pyriform, and temporal cortex, caudate-putamen, basal forebrain, thalamus, hippocampus, septum, and medulla of PC7 knock-out (KO) mice. A tissue-specific sexual dimorphism of PC7 activity was also identified. This is the first report that loss of PC7 alters levels of a neuropeptide in the brain. This loss of PC7 and CCK may independently contribute to the decrease in Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor production and be partially responsible for the learning and memory defects observed in mice that lack PC7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel N Anyetei-Anum
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Alissa Blum
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Nabil G Seidah
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2W1R7, Canada
| | - Margery C Beinfeld
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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2
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Tsunoda Y, Song I, Taylor LP, Owyang C. Structure-activity function for binding and signaling in CHO-K1 and COS-7 cells expressing the cholecystokinin A receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 314:861-9. [PMID: 14741716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.12.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Key amino acids of the cholecystokinin (CCK) peptide for receptor binding are sulfated Y27, W30, D32, and F33-NH(2). Three-dimensional modeling showed that the CCK-A receptor (CCK-AR) antagonist devazepide penetrated into the transmembrane (TM) domains, whereas CCK was placed on the surface of the CCK-AR. Four types of rat CCK-AR cDNAs were transfected into CHO-K1 and COS-7 cells: normal CCK-AR cDNA transfected cells (wild type, WT); K120 substituted with V; K130V; and R352V. Binding of [3H]CCK-8 was observed in WT and K130V, but not in K120V and R352V. CCK caused Ca(2+) spiking in WT and K130V, whereas K120V and R352V had no effect. Three chimeras including the CCK-AR/3ibeta2 adrenergic receptor (beta2AR), 3Nibeta2AR, and 3Cibeta2AR were constructed. Two groups of point mutations in the CCK-AR3i were also made: Y252V, S274V, S281V, and S289V (non-phospho-acceptor Y or S); S260V, S264V, S271V, and S275V (phospho-acceptor S). WT and CCK-AR/3Cibeta2AR increased [Ca(2+)](i) in response to CCK; 3Nibeta2AR was vice versa. CCK failed to increase [IP(3)] in phospho-acceptor S to V without affecting binding. Non-phospho-acceptor S or Y to V showed normal response. Thus, Lys120 outside the TM2 and Arg352 outside the TM6 of the CCK-AR are amino acids interacting with Tyr[SO(3)H]27 and Asp32 of the CCK peptide for binding. Phospho-acceptor Ser groups in the CCK-AR 3Ni are amino acids for initiating cell signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- CHO Cells
- COS Cells
- Calcium/chemistry
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cricetinae
- Devazepide/metabolism
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/analysis
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Receptor, Cholecystokinin A/chemistry
- Receptor, Cholecystokinin A/genetics
- Receptor, Cholecystokinin A/physiology
- Signal Transduction
- Sincalide/genetics
- Sincalide/metabolism
- Sincalide/pharmacology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Tsunoda
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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3
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Rehfeld JF, Nielsen FC. Molecular Forms and Regional Distribution of Cholecystokinin in the Central Nervous System. NEUROSCIENCE INTELLIGENCE UNIT 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-21705-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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4
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Yule DI, Williams JA. CCK antagonists reveal that CCK-8 and JMV-180 interact with different sites on the rat pancreatic acinar cell CCKA receptor. Peptides 1994; 15:1045-51. [PMID: 7527529 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(94)90069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The ability of CCKA antagonists to inhibit full and partial CCK agonists of the rat pancreatic acinar cell CCKA receptor has been studied. When isolated rat pancreatic acini were superfused with CCK-8 (10 pM-1 nM) or CCK-4 (1 microM), an increase in [Ca2+]i signal was initiated. Concurrent superfusion of either L-364,718 (0.1 microM) or lorglumide (10 microM), chemically distinct, specific, potent antagonists of the CCKA receptor, resulted in a rapid inhibition of the [Ca2+]i signal initiated by all concentrations of CCK-8. In contrast, Ca2+ oscillations, initiated by JMV-180 (25 nM-1 microM), a partial agonist analogue of CCK-8, were essentially unaffected by concurrent superfusion of either L-364,718 or lorglumide. When JMV-179, an analogue of JMV-180 that exhibits characteristics of a pure antagonist, was superfused concurrently with either CCK-8 or JMV-180, Ca2+ oscillations were inhibited, even in the presence of 0.1 microM L-364,718. In a similar fashion, amylase secretion stimulated by CCK-8 was markedly attenuated by L-364,718, lorglumide, and JMV-179, whereas secretion stimulated by JMV-180 was only inhibited by JMV-179. A model is proposed to reconcile this data, based on the assumption that JMV-180 and CCK-8 interact with discrete sites on the CCKA receptor, which are differentially affected by the binding of antagonists. This model may also explain how a single receptor may transduce multiple signals in response to different agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Yule
- Department of Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109
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5
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Silvente-Poirot S, Dufresne M, Vaysse N, Fourmy D. The peripheral cholecystokinin receptors. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 215:513-29. [PMID: 8354258 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18061.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Silvente-Poirot
- Institut Louis Bugnard, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 151, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rangueil, Toulouse, France
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ravard
- Merck, Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Research Centre, Harlow, Essex, UK
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8
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Jensen RT, Wank SA, Rowley WH, Sato S, Gardner JD. Interaction of CCK with pancreatic acinar cells. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1989; 10:418-23. [PMID: 2694538 DOI: 10.1016/0165-6147(89)90192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate that cholecystokinin-like peptides are widely distributed in the CNS as well as in the peripheral nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Studies with agonists have demonstrated multiple classes of receptors and recently potent receptor antagonists have been described which will distinguish these classes and should allow a better understanding of the role of CCK in various physiological processes. One of the known peripheral physiological functions of CCK is the stimulation of digestive enzymes from pancreatic acinar cells. In recent years the interaction of CCK with pancreatic acinar cells has been extensively studied and significant advances have been made in understanding its cellular basis of action. Robert Jensen and colleagues report on each of these areas.
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9
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Multiple Sources of 1,2-Diacylglycerol in Isolated Rat Pancreatic Acini Stimulated by Cholecystokinin. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)63759-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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10
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Stark HA, Sharp CM, Sutliff VE, Martinez J, Jensen RT, Gardner JD. CCK-JMV-180: a peptide that distinguishes high-affinity cholecystokinin receptors from low-affinity cholecystokinin receptors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1989; 1010:145-50. [PMID: 2463851 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4889(89)90154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
When pancreatic acini are incubated with increasing concentrations of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) the dose-response curve for stimulation of enzyme secretion increases, reaches a maximum and then decreases. The upstroke of the dose-response curve reflects occupation of high-affinity, stimulatory CCK receptors (Kd 69 pM), whereas the downstroke of the dose-response curve reflects occupation of low-affinity inhibitory CCK receptors (Kd 10 nM). In the present study, we used dispersed acini from rat pancreas to examine the effects of CCK-JMV-180, an analogue of the C-terminal heptapeptide of CCK (CCK-7) having the structure BOC-Tyr(SO3) Ahx-Gly-Trp-Ahx-Asp2 phenylethyl ester. CCK-JMV-180 inhibited binding of 125I-labelled CCK-8 to pancreatic acini. Computer analysis of the dose-inhibition curve indicated that CCK-JMV-180 interacted with both classes of CCK receptor and had a Kd of 2.2 nM for high-affinity CCK receptors and a Kd of 19 nM for low-affinity CCK receptors. Occupation of high-affinity CCK receptors by CCK-JMV-180 caused a 14-fold increase in amylase secretion, the same increase caused by occupation of these high-affinity receptors by CCK-7 or CCK-8. Occupation of low-affinity CCK receptors by CCK-JMV-180 did not alter amylase secretion, in contrast to occupation of these low-affinity receptors by CCK-7 or CCK-8, each of which caused inhibition of amylase secretion. Furthermore, occupation of the low-affinity CCK receptors by CCK-JMV-180 reversed the inhibition of amylase secretion caused by a supramaximal concentration of CCK-8. The present results indicate that CCK-JMV-180 interacts with high-affinity CCK receptors and with low-affinity CCK receptors, and has a functionally distinct action at each class of receptor: CCK-JMV-180 is an agonist at the high-affinity receptors and a competitive antagonist at the low-affinity receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Stark
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Younes M, Jensen RT, Gardner JD. Cholecystokinin-induced residual stimulation of enzyme secretion from mouse pancreatic acini. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1987; 930:410-8. [PMID: 2443185 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4889(87)90014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
When dispersed acini from mouse pancreas are first incubated with cholecystokinin octapeptide, washed and then reincubated with no additions there is significant stimulation of amylase secretion during the second incubation (residual stimulation of enzyme secretion). Cholecystokinin-induced residual stimulation of enzyme secretion is modified, but not abolished, by reducing the temperature of the first incubation from 37 degrees C to 4 degrees C. Measurement of binding of 125I-labeled cholecystokinin octapeptide indicated that maximal cholecystokinin induced residual stimulation of enzyme secretion occurs when 12-20% of cholecystokinin receptors are occupied by cholecystokinin octapeptide. Moreover, maximal cholecystokinin-induced residual stimulation of amylase secretion is 25% greater than maximal cholecystokinin-induced direct stimulation of amylase secretion. Cholecystokinin tetrapeptide, which causes the same maximal direct stimulation of amylase secretion as does cholecystokinin octapeptide, causes a maximal residual stimulation of enzyme secretion that is only 30% of that caused by a maximally effective concentration of cholecystokinin octapeptide. Adding dibutyryl cyclic GMP to the second incubation can reverse the residual stimulation caused by adding cholecystokinin to the first incubation. The pattern and extent of the dibutyryl cyclic GMP-induced reversal of residual stimulation varies, depending on the temperature and concentration of cholecystokinin octapeptide in the first incubation. The present results are compatible with the hypothesis that mouse pancreatic acini possess two classes of cholecystokinin receptors. One class has a relatively high affinity for cholecystokinin and produces stimulation of enzyme secretion; the other class has a relatively low affinity for cholecystokinin and produces inhibition of enzyme secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Younes
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892
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12
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Fourmy D, Zahidi A, Fabre R, Guidet M, Pradayrol L, Ribet A. Receptors for cholecystokinin and gastrin peptides display specific binding properties and are structurally different in guinea-pig and dog pancreas. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1987; 165:683-92. [PMID: 3595608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb11495.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the light of the strong potency of gastrin-related peptides on pancreatic exocrine secretion in dog, we analyzed the binding properties of peptides related to cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin on dog pancreatic acini compared to guinea-pig acini. Moreover, we determined apparent molecular masses of photoaffinity labelled CCK/gastrin receptors in the two models. Using the CCK radioligand, receptor selectivity towards CCK/gastrin agonists and antagonists was found to be lower in dog acini than in guinea-pig acini. Performing the binding with CCK and gastrin radioligands in combination with N2,O2'-dibutyryl-guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate, revealed that in dog acini there exist two different sub-classes of CCK/gastrin receptors having high and low selectivity, the latter ones being able to bind gastrin with high affinity (Kd = 2.1 nM). SDS-PAGE analysis of covalently cross-linked receptors using several photosensitive CCK and gastrin probes of different peptide chain lengths demonstrated that in guinea-pig, CCK peptides bound to a 84-kDa component whereas in dog pancreas, CCK and gastrin peptides bound to three distinct molecular species (Mr approximately equal to 78,000, 45,000, 28,000). Performing cross-linking in the presence of 1 microM CCK indicated that a 45-kDa protein is the putative CCK/gastrin receptor in dog pancreas. Our results support the concept of heterogeneity of CCK/gastrin receptors.
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Sankaran H, Wong A, Khan SJ, Peeke HV, Raghupathy E. Bioassayable cholecystokinin in the brain of the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Neuropeptides 1987; 9:103-11. [PMID: 3574607 DOI: 10.1016/0143-4179(87)90049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK)-gastrin peptides are shown to be present in the brain of all the species ranging from coelenterates to mammals. Differentiation between CCK and gastrin, presumed to be evolved from a common ancestral cerulein-like peptide, has been suggested to occur at the level of the amphibians. We examined the presence of bioassayable CCK, as determined by its potency to stimulate enzyme secretion from isolated rat pancreatic acini, in the brain of the goldfish Carassius auratus, a more primitive vertebrate than the amphibian. Among the various regions tested, the brain stem, telencephalon and spinal cord possess the highest levels of bioassayable CCK followed in decreasing order by gustatory lobes, optic tectum and duodenum. No detectable levels of CCK were found in the cerebellum. The observed bioactivity was not due to gastrin because: radioimmunoassay of the brain homogenates for gastrin revealed very low or nondetectable levels of gastrin; amylase release dose-response curves for standard CCK8 and the brain homogenate were identical; and proglumide, a competitive antagonist of CCK8, inhibited homogenate CCK-induced enzyme release with a parallel rightward shift in the dose-response curve. These observations provide evidence for the distinct presence of CCK in the brain of the goldfish suggesting that the differentiation of CCK as a distinct neuropeptide, from that of gastrin, occurs at the level of Osteichthyes (bony fish).
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14
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Characterization of preprocholecystokinin products in the porcine cerebral cortex. Evidence of different processing pathways. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)38458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Rehfeld JF, Hansen HF, Marley PD, Stengaard-Pedersen K. Molecular forms of cholecystokinin in the brain and the relationship to neuronal gastrins. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985; 448:11-23. [PMID: 3896093 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb29902.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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17
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Fourmy D, Zahidi A, Pradayrol L, Vayssette J, Ribet A. Relationship of CCK/gastrin receptor binding to amylase release in dog pancreatic acini. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 1984; 10:57-68. [PMID: 6085178 DOI: 10.1016/0167-0115(84)90053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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18
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Goldfine ID, Williams JA. Receptors for insulin and CCK in the acinar pancreas: relationship to hormone action. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1983; 85:1-38. [PMID: 6198304 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)62368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
These studies, therefore, allow a model of how CCK and insulin regulate the acinar pancreas in a coordinated manner (Fig. 27). CCK, after its secretion by gut cells, interacts with a specific receptor on the cell surface and then increases intracellular free Ca2+. Ca2+, in turn (1) interacts with the secretory granules leading to zymogen release, (2) stimulates protein synthesis, and (3) increases glucose transport. The model is supported on the finding of specific high affinity CCK receptors on acini and by the localization of CCK to the plasma membrane in EM autoradiographs. Insulin, secreted from the pancreatic islets, also interacts with a specific receptor on the cell surface. Either via a messenger generated by this reaction, or via insulin's subsequent direct interaction with intracellular organelles, such as the Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum, protein synthesis is initiated and glucose transport is increased. Then a series of events is initiated to increase cell growth, amylase content, and sensitivity to CCK. These studies, therefore, indicate that the control of acinar cell function is a product of cooperative intrahormonal interactions.
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