1
|
Lima AT, Britto-Júnior J, Moraes MO, Moraes MEA, Fregonesi A, Monica FZ, Antunes E, De Nucci G. 6-Nitrodopamine is an endogenous mediator of the rabbit corpus cavernosum relaxation. Andrology 2024; 12:1419-1428. [PMID: 38156727 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 6-Nitrodopamine (6-ND) is a novel endogenous catecholamine that has a potent relaxant action on vascular smooth muscle in vitro. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the basal release of 6-ND and noradrenaline from rabbit-isolated corpus cavernosum (RbCC) and its relaxing action on this tissue. METHODS Rabbit corpus cavernosa were dissected and suspended in a 5-mL organ bath containing oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit's solution. 6-ND and noradrenaline release was quantified by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The relaxant activity of 6-ND was assessed in RbCC strips pre-contracted with endothelin-1 (10 nM). RESULTS Rabbit corpus cavernosum presented basal release of both 6-ND (2.9 ± 0.8 ng/mL, n = 12) and noradrenaline (1.7 ± 1.3 ng/mL, n = 12). The 6-ND release was reduced by pre-treatment with Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) (100 µM), whereas that of noradrenaline was unaffected. Tetrodotoxin (TTX, 1 µM) abolished the noradrenaline release but had no effect on 6-ND release, indicating a non-neurogenic origin for 6-ND. 6-ND and the selective dopamine D2-agonist L-741,626 caused concentration-dependent RbCC relaxations (pEC50 of 11 ± 0.15 and 11.15 ± 0.28, respectively). Pre-treatment with either l-NAME or the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-on (ODQ) (100 µM) caused a rightward shift of the concentration-response curve to 6-ND, without affecting the L-741,626 responses. In TTX (100 nM)-pre-treated preparations, neither l-NAME nor ODQ shifted the 6-ND concentration-response curve. Dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline caused concentration-dependent RbCC contractions. Pre-incubation with 6-ND concentration-dependently inhibited the dopamine-induced contractions, without affecting those induced by either noradrenaline or adrenaline. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 6-Nitrodopamine is the most potent endogenous relaxant agent in RbCC ever described and represents a novel mechanism by which NO causes corpus cavernosum smooth muscle relaxation. The finding that 6-ND acts as a truly selective dopamine D2-receptor antagonist indicates that the balance of dopamine and 6-ND release/synthesis may be the main mechanism that modulates corpus cavernosum smooth muscle tonus in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tiago Lima
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - José Britto-Júnior
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico Moraes
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabete A Moraes
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Adriano Fregonesi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Z Monica
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gilberto De Nucci
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hotta Y, Oyama K, Yoshida T, Ieda N, Mori T, Horita Y, Kataoka T, Furukawa-Hibi Y, Ohya S, Nakagawa H, Kimura K. The Effects of a Red-Light Controllable Nitric Oxide Donor, NORD-1, on Erectile Dysfunction in Rats with Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes Mellitus. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:42.e58. [PMID: 38772543 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) often exhibit refractory erectile dysfunction (ED). Red-light-controllable nitric oxide donor (NORD-1) and red-light irradiation have successfully enhanced erectile function in intact rats. In this study, we investigated whether the combination of NORD-1 and red-light irradiation effectively treated ED in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats with DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Rats in the DM and sham groups received intravenous STZ (50 mg/kg) and saline, respectively. One week after treatment, the blood glucose level of rats in the DM group was >250 mg/dL. Five weeks after the treatment, we performed a functional study by measuring intracavernous pressure (ICP) under cavernous nerve stimulation before and after NORD-1 treatment with and without light irradiation. Additionally, we performed an isometric tension study using the corpus cavernosum of rats treated with NORD-1 or the control compound, SiR650. RESULTS The ICP/mean arterial pressure (MAP) ratio was significantly lower in the DM group than in the sham group before and after NORD-1 treatment without light irradiation (both p<0.05). After NORD-1 treatment with light irradiation, the ICP/MAP ratio in the sham and DM groups was significantly enhanced than before and after NORD-1 treatment without light irradiation (all p<0.05). The ICP/MAP ratio in the DM group after NORD-1 with light irradiation was similar to that in the sham group under normal conditions before NORD-1 treatment. Moreover, the systemic blood pressure was not affected by NORD-1 or light irradiation. In the tension study, the corpus cavernosum of rats treated with SiR650 was not changed by red light in the sham or DM groups. However, the rats treated with NORD-1 were strongly relaxed by red light in both groups. CONCLUSIONS NORD-1 and red-light irradiation could improve ED in the presence of DM without lowering blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Hotta
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Kyoya Oyama
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuma Yoshida
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoya Ieda
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taiki Mori
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Horita
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kataoka
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Japan
| | - Yoko Furukawa-Hibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Susumu Ohya
- Department of Pharmacology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Nakagawa
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kimura
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cripps SM, Marshall SA, Mattiske DM, Ingham RY, Pask AJ. Estrogenic endocrine disruptor exposure directly impacts erectile function. Commun Biol 2024; 7:403. [PMID: 38565966 PMCID: PMC10987563 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is an extremely prevalent condition which significantly impacts quality of life. The rapid increase of ED in recent decades suggests the existence of unidentified environmental risk factors contributing to this condition. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are one likely candidate, given that development and function of the erectile tissues are hormonally dependent. We use the estrogenic-EDC diethylstilbestrol (DES) to model how widespread estrogenic-EDC exposure may impact erectile function in humans. Here we show that male mice chronically exposed to DES exhibit abnormal contractility of the erectile tissue, indicative of ED. The treatment did not affect systemic testosterone production yet significantly increased estrogen receptor α (Esr1) expression in the primary erectile tissue, suggesting EDCs directly impact erectile function. In response, we isolated the erectile tissue from mice and briefly incubated them with the estrogenic-EDCs DES or genistein (a phytoestrogen). These acute-direct exposures similarly caused a significant reduction in erectile tissue contractility, again indicative of ED. Overall, these findings demonstrate a direct link between estrogenic EDCs and erectile dysfunction and show that both chronic and acute estrogenic exposures are likely risk factors for this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Cripps
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah A Marshall
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Deidre M Mattiske
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachel Y Ingham
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew J Pask
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Acar-Sahan S, Guner O, Ates M, Kaya-Temiz T, Durmus N. In vitro effect of relaxin in the rat corpus cavernosum under hyperglycemic and normoglycemic conditions. Int J Impot Res 2024; 36:72-77. [PMID: 36509910 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-022-00653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Relaxin, an endogenous peptide hormone, elicits vascular relaxation by its direct effect or by modulating the endothelium-dependent relaxation response and is clinically evaluated for the treatment of coronary artery disease. However, its effect on penile tissue has not been explored yet. This study aimed to investigate the effect of serelaxin, recombinant human relaxin-2, on rat corpus cavernosum (CC) under healthy and hyperglycemic conditions. Strips of CC obtained from thirty-nine male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g were used in organ baths for isometric tension studies to investigate the serelaxin-mediated relaxation (10-12-10-7 M) under normoglycemic conditions and the effect of serelaxin on endothelium-dependent [nitric oxide (NO)- and prostacyclin-mediated] relaxation responses under hyperglycemic conditions. The in vitro hyperglycemia model was created by 3 h of incubation with 44 mM glucose monohydrate +120 μM methylglyoxal. NO-dependent relaxation responses were evaluated by cumulative acetylcholine (10-9-10-4 M) administration in the presence of indomethacin (10-6 M). Prostacyclin-mediated relaxation was evaluated by cumulative administration of iloprost (10-9-10-6 M), a prostacyclin analog. Maximum relaxation responses to serelaxin were not significantly different compared to the time-control (p = 0.480). Three hours of incubation of rat CC in hyperglycemic conditions impaired NO- and prostacyclin-mediated relaxation responses (p = 0.032 and p = 0.047, respectively). Serelaxin coincubation worsened NO-mediated relaxation responses (p = 0.016) but did not affect prostacyclin-mediated responses (p = 0.425). Together, our results demonstrate that in vitro administration of serelaxin does not cause relaxation in penile tissue and short-term in vitro serelaxin treatment in hyperglycemic conditions mimicked diabetes modulates endothelium-dependent responses by worsening NO-mediated responses. Serelaxin exerts different effects via different mechanism on endothelium-dependent responses depending on the dose and duration of exposure. Therefore, proper timing and dosing of serelaxin administration in the penile tissue need to be investigated in further studies in diabetic animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selin Acar-Sahan
- Dokuz Eylul University, Institute of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozge Guner
- University of Health Sciences Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Education and Research Hospital, Medical Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ates
- Dokuz Eylul University, Vocational School of Health Services, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tijen Kaya-Temiz
- Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nergiz Durmus
- Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Izmir, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zatz R, De Nucci G. Endothelium-Derived Dopamine and 6-Nitrodopamine in the Cardiovascular System. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:44-59. [PMID: 37874898 PMCID: PMC11283902 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00020.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The review deals with the release of endothelium-derived dopamine and 6-nitrodopamine (6-ND) and its effects on isolated vascular tissues and isolated hearts. Basal release of both dopamine and 6-ND is present in human isolated umbilical cord vessels, human popliteal vessels, nonhuman primate vessels, and reptilia aortas. The 6-ND basal release was significantly reduced when the tissues were treated with Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester and virtually abolished when the endothelium was mechanically removed. 6-Nitrodopamine is a potent vasodilator, and the mechanism of action responsible for this effect is the antagonism of dopamine D2-like receptors. As a vasodilator, 6-ND constitutes a novel mechanism by which nitric oxide modulates vascular tone. The basal release of 6-ND was substantially decreased in endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout (eNOS-/-) mice and not altered in neuronal nitric oxide synthase knockout (nNOS-/-) mice, indicating a nonneurogenic source for 6-ND in the heart. Indeed, in rat isolated right atrium, the release of 6-ND was not affected when the atria were treated with tetrodotoxin. In the rat isolated right atrium, 6-ND is the most potent endogenous positive chronotropic agent, and in Langendorff's heart preparation, it is the most potent endogenous positive inotropic agent. The positive chronotropic and inotropic effects of 6-ND are antagonized by β1-adrenoceptor antagonists at concentrations that do not affect the effects induced by noradrenaline, adrenaline, and dopamine, indicating that blockade of the 6-ND receptor is the major modulator of heart chronotropism and inotropism. The review proposes that endothelium-derived catecholamines may constitute a major mechanism for control of vascular tone and heart functions, in contrast to the overrated role attributed to the autonomic nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Zatz
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto De Nucci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (ICB-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Metropolitan University of Santos, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mori T, Hotta Y, Ieda N, Kataoka T, Nakagawa H, Kimura K. Efficacy of a Red-Light Controllable Nitric Oxide Releaser for Neurogenic Erectile Dysfunction: A Study Using a Rat Model of Cavernous Nerve Injury. World J Mens Health 2023; 41:909-919. [PMID: 36649921 PMCID: PMC10523118 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.220146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Neurogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common side effect of radical prostatectomy (RP) because of cavernous nerve damage. In these patients, the production of nitric oxide (NO), which is important for erection, is decreased in the corpus cavernosum. Therefore, NO donors are useful for post-RP ED. However, short half-life and systemic side effects are problems of NO application in ED therapy. To avert these problems, we developed a red-light controllable NO releaser, NORD-1. This study aimed to investigate the effect of NORD-1 and red-light irradiation on neurogenic ED using a rat model of bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI). MATERIALS AND METHODS BCNI and sham operations were conducted on 8-week-old rats. After 4 weeks, erectile function was evaluated using changes in intracavernous pressure (ICP) during electrostimulation of the cavernous nerve. ICP was measured under three conditions; without NORD-1 and red-light irradiation, with NORD-1 and without red-light irradiation, and with NORD-1 and red-light irradiation. SiR650 which absorbs red-light but does not release NO was used for the negative control. After the experiment, localization of NORD-1 was observed using a microscope. RESULTS Erectile function in a BCNI rat model was significantly decreased compared to sham-operated rats (p<0.05). After injecting NORD-1 into the penis, erectile function did not change without red-light irradiation. However, the combination of NORD-1 and red-light irradiation significantly improved erectile function (p<0.05) without affecting systemic arterial pressure. In contrast, when SiR650 was used, erectile function did not change in all three conditions. NORD-1 was detected only in the corpus cavernosum and not in the urethra and dorsal vein. CONCLUSIONS NORD-1 combined with red-light irradiation is effective for ED induced by cavernous nerve injury. This treatment may have low risks of hypotension and urinary incontinence, and it can replace the current treatment for post-RP ED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Mori
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuji Hotta
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Naoya Ieda
- Department of Organic and Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kataoka
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Nakagawa
- Department of Organic and Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kimura
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Navarro-Dorado J, Climent B, López-Oliva ME, Pilar Martínez M, Hernández-Martín M, Agis-Torres Á, Recio P, Victoria Barahona M, Benedito S, Fernandes VS, Hernández M. The bitter taste receptor (TAS2R) agonist denatonium promotes a strong relaxation of rat corpus cavernosum. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115754. [PMID: 37597814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (TAS2R) are found in numerous extra-oral tissues, including smooth muscle (SM) cells in both vascular and visceral tissues. Upon activation, TAS2R stimulate the relaxation of the SM. Nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway is involved in penile erection, and type 5 phosphodiesterase (PDE5) inhibitors, a cGMP-specific hydrolase are used as first-line treatments for erectile dysfunction (ED). Nevertheless, PDE5 inhibitors are ineffective in a considerable number of patients, prompting research into alternative pharmacological targets for ED. Since TAS2R agonists regulate SM contractility, this study investigates the role of TAS2Rs in rat corpus cavernosum (CC). We performed immunohistochemistry to detect TAS2R10, isometric force recordings for TAS2R agonists denatonium and chloroquine, the slow-release H2S donor GYY 4137, the NO donor SNAP, the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol and electrical field stimulation (EFS), as well as measurement of endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production. The immunofluorescence staining indicated that TAS2R10 was broadly expressed in the CC SM and to some extent in the nerve fibers. Denatonium, chloroquine, SNAP, and isoproterenol cause potent dose-dependent SM relaxations. H2S production was decreased by NO and H2S synthase inhibitors, while it was enhanced by denatonium. In addition, denatonium increased the relaxations induced by GYY 4137 and SNAP but failed to modify EFS- and isoproterenol-induced responses. These results suggest neuronal and SM TAS2R10 expression in the rat CC, where denatonium induces a strong SM relaxation per se and promotes the H2S- and NO-mediated inhibitory gaseous neurotransmission. Thus, TAS2R10 might represent a valuable therapeutic target in ED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Navarro-Dorado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Climent
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - María Elvira López-Oliva
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar Martínez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Hernández-Martín
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Agis-Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Paz Recio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - María Victoria Barahona
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Benedito
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Vítor S Fernandes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Medardo Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mosayyeb Zadeh A, Mirghelenj SA, Daneshyar M, Eslami M, Karimi Torshizi MA, Zhandi M. Effects of dietary supplementation of tomato pomace (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and L-Arg on reproductive performance of aged male broiler breeders. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102614. [PMID: 36965255 PMCID: PMC10064435 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different dietary supplementation of tomato pomace (TP) and L-arginine (L-Arg) supplementation on sperm characteristics, reproductive performance, and semen biochemical components of aged commercial male broiler breeders. Thirty Ross 308 male broiler breeders (58 wk old) were provided and assigned to 5 dietary treatment groups, including control (CON), 5% TP (TPS-5), 10% TP (TPS-10), 15% TP (TPS-15), and L-Arg supplemented (10% above the recommendation, LAS-10). The results indicated that the semen volume increased in the TPS-15 group compared to that of the LAS-10 (and CON on wk 9) throughout the study (P < 0.05). The sperm concentration significantly increased in TPS-10 and TPS-15 groups in comparison to the other experimental groups. On wk 5 and 7, the sperm viability increased in all TPS groups compared to the CON and LAS-10, while on wk 9, it only increased in the TPS-10 group in comparison to the LAS-10 group (P < 0.05). The hypo-osmotic swelling test decreased in the LAS-10 group compared to the other experimental groups on wk 5 and all TPS groups on wk 7 and 9 (P < 0.05). The sperm total motility and forward progressive motility decreased in the LAS-10 group compared to the other experimental groups (P < 0.05). In contrast, unprogressive motility and immotile sperms were increased in the LAS-10 group compared to the other experimental groups (P < 0.05). In addition, the sperm penetration and fertility rate increased in TPS-10 and TPS-15 groups in comparison to CON and LAS-10 groups (P < 0.05). However, hatchability was reduced in the LAS-10 group (P < 0.05). The semen adenosine triphosphate increased in TPS-10, TPS-15, and LAS-10 groups compared to the CON (P < 0.05). Finally, the semen TAC and superoxidase dismutase decreased in the LAS-10 group (P < 0.05), while the glutathione peroxidase increased in the TPS-15 group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, 15% dietary TPS is recommended to improve the reproductive performance of aged commercial male broiler breeders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mosayyeb Zadeh
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mirghelenj
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Daneshyar
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohsen Eslami
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Zhandi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
El-Shalofy AS, Samir H, El-Sherbiny HR. Intramuscular administration of l-arginine boosts testicular hemodynamics, plasma concentrations of testosterone and nitric oxide in heat-stressed rams. Theriogenology 2023; 197:127-132. [PMID: 36502590 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to assess, for the first time, the effects of intramuscular injection of l-arginine (L-arg) on testicular hemodynamics, echogenicity, and plasma concentrations of testosterone, total antioxidant capacity, and nitric oxide (NO) in Ossimi rams. Twelve sexually matured heat-stressed rams were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the L-arg group (n = 6) received 5 mg/kg L-arg dissolved in 2 ml normal saline 0.9%, or the control group (n = 6) received merely 2 ml of normal saline 0.9%. Blood sampling, B-mode ultrasound assessment of the testicular parenchyma, and pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound of the testicular artery for both right and left testis were performed immediately before 0 min and 1, 4, 24, 48, 72, and 168 h after L-arg or saline administration. In the L-arg group, resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) means were significantly lower compared to the control group at 4-168 h post-treatment. Plasma testosterone concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) at 4 h and onward in the L-arg treated compared to the control rams, the same for NO levels however its increase (P < 0.05) was observed as soon as 1 h post-treatment. In L-arg treated rams, NO concentrations were positively correlated to plasma testosterone concentrations (r = 0.7, p < .01), but negatively correlated to both RI and PI (r = -0.8 and -0.6, respectively, p < .01). In conclusion, l-arginine administration enhanced testicular blood flow and increased plasma testosterone and nitric oxide concentrations in heat-stressed rams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amr S El-Shalofy
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Haney Samir
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hossam R El-Sherbiny
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Takla M, Saadeh K, Tse G, Huang CLH, Jeevaratnam K. Ageing and the Autonomic Nervous System. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:201-252. [PMID: 37120470 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate nervous system is divided into central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) components. In turn, the PNS is divided into the autonomic (ANS) and enteric (ENS) nervous systems. Ageing implicates time-related changes to anatomy and physiology in reducing organismal fitness. In the case of the CNS, there exists substantial experimental evidence of the effects of age on individual neuronal and glial function. Although many such changes have yet to be experimentally observed in the PNS, there is considerable evidence of the role of ageing in the decline of ANS function over time. As such, this chapter will argue that the ANS constitutes a paradigm for the physiological consequences of ageing, as well as for their clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gary Tse
- Kent and Medway Medical School, Canterbury, UK
- University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kang BS, Suh SW, Yang DY, Choi BY, Lee WK. Expression and Distribution of Free Zinc in Penile Erectile Tissue. World J Mens Health 2023; 41:155-163. [PMID: 35274500 PMCID: PMC9826916 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Several studies have shown that zinc has a significant influence on erectile function. However, no studies evaluating the cellular distribution of free zinc in penile erectile tissue have been performed. Therefore, this study aimed to test whether free zinc is present in penile tissue and whether it may be involved in the electrical stimulation (ES)-induced penile erection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The subjects for this study were 26 young (8-week-old) male C57BL/6J mice. After the cavernous nerve was exposed through a midline stomach incision, 14 mice received ES of the cavernous nerve (ES group), whereas 12 mice did not (control group). Intracavernous pressure (ICP) (consisting of 10 V at a duration of 1 min, frequency of 12 Hz and a pulse width of 1 m/s) was recorded during ES. Immediately after ICP was recorded, penile tissues were harvested for histological and biochemical analysis, including analysis of zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3) and intracellular free zinc levels. RESULTS The expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) in penile tissue was significantly greater in the ES group than in the control group (p=0.036 and 0.016, respectively). And then, ZnT3 and intracellular free zinc were present in the penile tissue of both groups. However, ZnT3 immunofluorescence in the ES group was more intense in the dorsal nerve bundle (22% increase, p=0.032). The ES group also showed higher intensity N-(6-methoxy-8-quinolyl)-para-toluenesulfonamide (TSQ) fluorescence signals indicative of intracellular free zinc level in the penile tissue compared to the control group (49% increase in dorsal nerve bundle, p=0.001; 50% increase in corpus cavernosum, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results of the study supported the expression and distribution of free zinc in penile tissue and increased levels after penile erection. Therefore, this study provides anatomical evidence for the potential role of free zinc in penile erection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beom Seok Kang
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sang Won Suh
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Dae Yul Yang
- Department of Urology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Young Choi
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Won Ki Lee
- Department of Urology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Franco I. Anatomy, physiology, and evaluation: Bowel, bladder, and sexual disorders. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 196:403-423. [PMID: 37620081 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98817-9.00009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Our present understanding of bowel and bladder control has changed dramatically with the introduction of functional imagining technologies such as PET, SPECT, fMRI scanning, and near-infrared spectroscopy of the brain. Urologists tend to see control of urination and defecation as processes that occurred at or below the level of the pons for the most part. In this chapter, we examine the control of storing and emptying of urine and stool from what will be a more neurocentric perspective, integrating the frontal lobes into the process and moving beyond the pons on which most of the literature has focused in the past. Utilizing this approach gives us a better understanding of why there is an overlapping of neuropsychiatric problems in many patients with voiding dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israel Franco
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale-New Haven Children's Bladder and Continence Program, Yale New Haven Children's Hospital, New Haven, CT, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kataoka T, Hotta Y, Kimura K. A review of experimental techniques for erectile function researches and development of medical technology using animal erectile dysfunction models in sexual and reproductive medicine. Reprod Med Biol 2023; 22:e12513. [PMID: 37020643 PMCID: PMC10069627 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the causes of male infertility and is a disease that requires treatment. The first-line drugs for ED are phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors, and further treatment options are currently limited. Medical technologies, such as genetic control and regenerative medicine, are developing rapidly. Research on erectile function is progressing rapidly, coupled with technological innovations in other areas. Methods A PubMed search using the keywords "animal (rat, mouse, rabbit, dog, and monkey)" and "erectile" was conducted, and all relevant peer-reviewed English results were evaluated. Main findings The methods for evaluating erectile function include intracavernous pressure (ICP) measurements, isometric tension studies, and dynamic infusion cavernosometry. Papers also reported various disease model animals for the study of diabetes mellitus, cavernous nerve injury, and drug-induced ED. Conclusion Basic research on ED treatment has progressed rapidly over the past 20 years. In particular, research on the mechanism of ED has been accelerated by the publication of a study on the evaluation of erectile function using ICP measurements in rats. In addition, molecular biological experimental methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting have become relatively easy to perform due to technological progress, thus advancing research development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Kataoka
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba Institute of Science15‐8 Shiomi‐choChoshiChiba288‐0025Japan
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya City University3‐1 Tanabe‐dori, Mizuho‐kuNagoya467‐8603Japan
| | - Yuji Hotta
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya City University3‐1 Tanabe‐dori, Mizuho‐kuNagoya467‐8603Japan
| | - Kazunori Kimura
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya City University3‐1 Tanabe‐dori, Mizuho‐kuNagoya467‐8603Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoya City University1‐Kawasumi, Mizuho‐cho, Mizuho‐kuNagoya467‐8601Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Meng F, Liao X, Chen H, Deng S, Wang L, Zhao M, Li H, Liu D, Gao G, Li H, Wang J. Bibliometric and visualization analysis of literature relating to diabetic erectile dysfunction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1091999. [PMID: 36568113 PMCID: PMC9780376 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1091999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetic erectile dysfunction (DMED) refers to erectile dysfunction secondary to diabetes. Erectile dysfunction is characterized by a persistent inability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual activity. Methods Based on the Web of Science core collection database, we firstly analyzed the quantity and quality of publications in the field of DMED, secondly profiled the publishing groups in terms of country, institution, author's publication and cooperation network, and finally sorted out and summarized the hot topics of research. Results From 2001 to 2022, a total of 1,403 articles relating to this topic were published in 359 journals. They represent the global research status, potential hotspots, and future research directions. The number of DMED-related publications and citations has steadily increased over the few past decades. Academic institutions from Europe and the United States have played a leading role in DMED research. The country, institution, journal, and author with the most publications were the United States (294), INHA University (39), the Journal of Sexual Medicine (156), and Ryu, Ji-Kan (29), respectively. The most common keywords were erectile dysfunction (796), men (256), diabetes (254), diabetes mellitus (239), prevalence (180), corpus cavernosum (171), dysfunction (155), mellitus (154), nitric-oxide synthase (153), and expression (140). The main keyword-based research topics and hotspots in the DMED field were oral sildenafil, smooth muscle relaxation, nitric oxide synthase, gene therapy, metabolic syndrome, cavernous nerve injury, stem cell, and penile prosthesis. Discussion The terms oral sildenafil, smooth muscle relaxation, nitric oxide synthase, gene therapy, metabolic syndrome, cavernous nerve injury, stem cell, and penile prosthesis will be at the forefront of DMED-related research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanchao Meng
- Urology Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxing Liao
- Urology Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haimin Chen
- Department of Nephroendocrinology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Deng
- Department of Andrology, Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Xuanwu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Zhao
- Urology Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haibin Li
- Urology Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Urology Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guojing Gao
- Urology Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haisong Li
- Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jisheng Wang
- Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Najaftomaraei M, Ghorbani A, Rahimi A, Mohebbati R, Sherkat S, Shafei MN. The role of nitric oxide in the dorsomedial periaqueductal gray (dmPAG) column in cardiovascular responses in urethane-anesthetized male rats. Animal Model Exp Med 2022; 5:557-564. [PMID: 36415083 PMCID: PMC9773306 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dorsomedial periaqueductal gray (dmPAG) is a mesencephalic area and has numerous functions including cardiovascular regulation. Because nitric oxide (NO) is present in the dmPAG, here we investigate, the probable cardiovascular effect of NO in the dmPAG. METHODS Five groups (n = 6 for each group) were used as follows: (1) control; (2) L-NAME (NG -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a NO synthase inhibitor, 90 nmol); (3) L-arginine (L-Arg, a precursor for NO, 60 nmol); (4) Sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor, 27 nmol); and (5) L-Arg + L-NAME. The cardiovascular parameters were recorded by a Power Lab device after cannulation of the femoral artery. Drugs were injected using a stereotaxic instrument. The changes (∆) in systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were calculated at different times and compared to the control group. RESULTS Microinjection of L-NAME significantly increased ∆SBP, ∆MAP, and ∆HR more than saline (from p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). L-Arg only significantly increased ∆HR (p < 0.05). In the L-Arg + L-NAME group, the above parameters also significantly increased (from p < 0.01 to p < 0.05) but not as significantly as with L-NAME alone. Microinjection of SNP significantly decreased ∆SBP and ∆MAP more than in the control and L-NAME groups (from p < 0.01 to p < 0.001), but ∆HR did not change significantly. CONCLUSION The results indicated that NO in dmPAG has an inhibitory effect on cardiovascular responses in anesthetized rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Najaftomaraei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Atiyeh Ghorbani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Alireza Rahimi
- Material Science and Metallurgy EngineeringIslamic Azad University ‐ Karaj BranchKarajIran
| | - Reza Mohebbati
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineGonabad University of Medical SciencesGonabadIran,Applied Biomedical Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Sogol Sherkat
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | - Mohammad Naser Shafei
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran,Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Enhancement of Nitric Oxide Bioavailability by Modulation of Cutaneous Nitric Oxide Stores. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092124. [PMID: 36140225 PMCID: PMC9496039 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of nitric oxide (NO) in the skin plays a critical role in wound healing and the response to several stimuli, such as UV exposure, heat, infection, and inflammation. Furthermore, in the human body, NO is involved in vascular homeostasis and the regulation of blood pressure. Physiologically, a family of enzymes termed nitric oxide synthases (NOS) generates NO. In addition, there are many methods of non-enzymatic/NOS-independent NO generation, e.g., the reduction of NO derivates (NODs) such as nitrite, nitrate, and nitrosylated proteins under certain conditions. The skin is the largest and heaviest human organ and contains a comparatively high concentration of these NODs; therefore, it represents a promising target for many therapeutic strategies for NO-dependent pathological conditions. In this review, we give an overview of how the cutaneous NOD stores can be targeted and modulated, leading to a further accumulation of NO-related compounds and/or the local and systemic release of bioactive NO, and eventually, NO-related physiological effects with a potential therapeutical use for diseases such as hypertension, disturbed microcirculation, impaired wound healing, and skin infections.
Collapse
|
17
|
Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E. Nitric oxide signaling in health and disease. Cell 2022; 185:2853-2878. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
18
|
Khanna NN, Maindarkar M, Saxena A, Ahluwalia P, Paul S, Srivastava SK, Cuadrado-Godia E, Sharma A, Omerzu T, Saba L, Mavrogeni S, Turk M, Laird JR, Kitas GD, Fatemi M, Barqawi AB, Miner M, Singh IM, Johri A, Kalra MM, Agarwal V, Paraskevas KI, Teji JS, Fouda MM, Pareek G, Suri JS. Cardiovascular/Stroke Risk Assessment in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction-A Role of Carotid Wall Arterial Imaging and Plaque Tissue Characterization Using Artificial Intelligence Paradigm: A Narrative Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:1249. [PMID: 35626404 PMCID: PMC9141739 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of erectile dysfunction (ED) has recently shown an association with the risk of stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) via the atherosclerotic pathway. Cardiovascular disease (CVD)/stroke risk has been widely understood with the help of carotid artery disease (CTAD), a surrogate biomarker for CHD. The proposed study emphasizes artificial intelligence-based frameworks such as machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) that can accurately predict the severity of CVD/stroke risk using carotid wall arterial imaging in ED patients. METHODS Using the PRISMA model, 231 of the best studies were selected. The proposed study mainly consists of two components: (i) the pathophysiology of ED and its link with coronary artery disease (COAD) and CHD in the ED framework and (ii) the ultrasonic-image morphological changes in the carotid arterial walls by quantifying the wall parameters and the characterization of the wall tissue by adapting the ML/DL-based methods, both for the prediction of the severity of CVD risk. The proposed study analyzes the hypothesis that ML/DL can lead to an accurate and early diagnosis of the CVD/stroke risk in ED patients. Our finding suggests that the routine ED patient practice can be amended for ML/DL-based CVD/stroke risk assessment using carotid wall arterial imaging leading to fast, reliable, and accurate CVD/stroke risk stratification. SUMMARY We conclude that ML and DL methods are very powerful tools for the characterization of CVD/stroke in patients with varying ED conditions. We anticipate a rapid growth of these tools for early and better CVD/stroke risk management in ED patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narendra N. Khanna
- Department of Cardiology, Indraprastha APOLLO Hospitals, New Delhi 110076, India;
| | - Mahesh Maindarkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India; (M.M.); (S.P.)
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint, Roseville, CA 95661, USA;
| | - Ajit Saxena
- Department of Urology, Indraprastha APOLLO Hospitals, New Delhi 110076, India;
| | - Puneet Ahluwalia
- Max Institute of Cancer Care, Max Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi 110017, India;
| | - Sudip Paul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India; (M.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Saurabh K. Srivastava
- College of Computing Sciences and IT, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad 244001, India;
| | - Elisa Cuadrado-Godia
- Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Aditya Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA;
| | - Tomaz Omerzu
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.O.); (M.T.)
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Sophie Mavrogeni
- Cardiology Clinic, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Centre, 176 74 Athens, Greece;
| | - Monika Turk
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.O.); (M.T.)
| | - John R. Laird
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Adventist Health St. Helena, St. Helena, CA 94574, USA;
| | - George D. Kitas
- Academic Affairs, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley DY1 2HQ, UK;
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Manchester University, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Mostafa Fatemi
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, NY 55905, USA;
| | - Al Baha Barqawi
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Martin Miner
- Men’s Health Centre, Miriam Hospital Providence, Providence, RI 02906, USA;
| | - Inder M. Singh
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint, Roseville, CA 95661, USA;
| | - Amer Johri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada;
| | | | - Vikas Agarwal
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India;
| | - Kosmas I. Paraskevas
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Central Clinic of Athens, 106 80 Athens, Greece;
| | - Jagjit S. Teji
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Mostafa M. Fouda
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA;
| | - Gyan Pareek
- Minimally Invasive Urology Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Jasjit S. Suri
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint, Roseville, CA 95661, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fernandes VS, López-Oliva ME, Martínez MP, Agis-Torres Á, Recio P, Navarro-Dorado J, Barahona MV, Benedito S, Prieto D, Climent B, Hernández M. In vitro inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 4 enhances rat corpus cavernosum nerve-mediated relaxation induced by gasotransmitters. Life Sci 2022; 296:120432. [PMID: 35219697 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are involved in nerve-mediated corpus cavernosum (CC) relaxation. Expression of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) and type 4 (PDE4), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)- and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-specific, respectively, has been described and PDE5- and PDE4-inhibitors induce cavernous smooth muscle relaxation. Whereas the NO/cGMP signaling pathway is well established in penile erection, the cAMP-mediated mechanism is not fully elucidated. The aim of this study is to investigate the localization and the functional significance of PDE4 in rat CC tone regulation. MAIN METHODS We performed immunohistochemistry for the detection of the PDE4A isoenzyme. Isometric tension recordings for roflumilast and tadalafil, PDE4 and PDE5 inhibitors, respectively, electrical field stimulation (EFS) and β-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol and endogenous H2S production measurement. KEY FINDINGS A marked PDE4A expression was detected mainly localized in the nerve cells of the cavernous smooth muscle. Furthermore, roflumilast and tadalafil exhibited strong corpus cavernous relaxations. Endogenous H2S production was decreased by NO and H2S synthase inhibitors and increased by roflumilast. Isoproterenol- and EFS-induced relaxations were increased by roflumilast. SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate that PDE4A is mainly expressed within the nerves cells of the rat CC, where roflumilast induces a potent corpus cavernous relaxation per se and potentiates the response induced by β-adrenoceptor activation. The fact that roflumilast enhances H2S production, as well as EFS-elicited responses suggests that PDE4 inhibitors modulate, in a positive feedback fashion, nerve-mediated relaxation induced by gasotransmitters, thus indicating a key role for neuronal PDE4 in penile erection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vítor S Fernandes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Elvira López-Oliva
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar Martínez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Agis-Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paz Recio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Navarro-Dorado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Victoria Barahona
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Benedito
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Prieto
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Climent
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Medardo Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hamed MA, Akhigbe TM, Akhigbe RE, Aremu AO, Oyedokun PA, Gbadamosi JA, Anifowose PE, Adewole MA, Aboyeji OO, Yisau HO, Tajudeen GO, Titiloye MM, Ayinla NF, Ajayi AF. Glutamine restores testicular glutathione-dependent antioxidant defense and upregulates NO/cGMP signaling in sleep deprivation-induced reproductive dysfunction in rats. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 148:112765. [PMID: 35247715 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been linked with sleep deprivation (SD)-induced pathological conditions and reproductive dysfunction. On the other hand, glutamine has been established to have antioxidant property. However, the impact of SD, with or without glutamine, on male reproductive function is yet to be elucidated. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the role of SD, with or without glutamine, on male reproductive function and possible associated mechanisms. Ten-week old male Wistar rats weighing 175.6 g± 0.42 were randomly assigned into vehicle that received per os (p.o.) distilled water, glutamine (1 g/kg; po), SD, and SD + glutamine that received treatments as glutamine and SD. Treatment/exposure lasted for 72 h. The results showed that SD led to reduced body weight, seminiferous luminal and epididymal sperm density, low sperm quality, increased testicular and epididymal malondialdehyde, uric acid, DNA fragmentation, and testicular injury markers. In addition, SD caused a reduction in reduced glutathione level and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase. Also, SD increased tumor necrotic factor-α, interleukin-1β, and nuclear factor-kappa B levels. Furthermore SD led to impaired libido and erectile dysfunction, and suppression of circulatory nitric oxide, gonadotropins and testosterone, and penile cGMP. However, glutamine attenuated the effects induced by SD. Taken together, the findings of this study demonstrate that SD induces reproductive dysfunction via glutathione-dependent defense depletion and down-regulation of NO/cGMP signaling, which was abolished by glutamine supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Hamed
- Brainwill Laboratories and Biomedical Services, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - T M Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Agronomy, Osun State University, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - R E Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - A O Aremu
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Morbid Anatomy, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - P A Oyedokun
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - J A Gbadamosi
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - P E Anifowose
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - M A Adewole
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - O O Aboyeji
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - H O Yisau
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - G O Tajudeen
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - M M Titiloye
- Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - N F Ayinla
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - A F Ajayi
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Morbid Anatomy, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nandi S, Kumar P, Amin SA, Jha T, Gayen S. First molecular modelling report on tri-substituted pyrazolines as phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors through classical and machine learning based multi-QSAR analysis. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 32:917-939. [PMID: 34727793 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2021.1989721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) falls under a broad category of metallohydrolase enzymes responsible for the catalysis of the phosphodiesterase bond, and thus it can terminate the action of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Overexpression of this enzyme leads to development of a number of pathological conditions. Thus, targeting the enzyme to develop inhibitors could be useful for the treatment of erectile dysfunction as well as pulmonary hypertension. In the current study, several molecular modelling techniques were utilized including Bayesian classification, single tree and forest tree recursive partitioning, and genetic function approximation to identify crucial structural fingerprints important for optimization of tri-substituted pyrazoline derivatives as PDE5 inhibitors. Later, various machine learning models were also developed that could be utilized to predict and screen PDE5 inhibitors in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, India
| | - P Kumar
- Department of Computer Science, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - S A Amin
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - T Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - S Gayen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, India
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mori T, Hotta Y, Nakamura D, Yahagi R, Kataoka T, Kimura K. Enhancement of the RhoA/Rho kinase pathway is associated with stress-related erectile dysfunction in a restraint water immersion stress model. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15064. [PMID: 34676688 PMCID: PMC8531601 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is a risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED); however, the pathology of stress-induced ED remains unclear. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the mechanisms of stress-induced ED using a rat model. Ten-week-old male Wistar/ST rats were maintained in a cage filled with water to a height of 2 cm (stress group) or a normal cage (control group). We found that water immersion stress significantly enhanced the contractile response to noradrenaline in the corpus cavernosum (CC) (p < 0.05). Moreover, stress significantly decreased erectile function, as assessed by changes in intracavernous pressure (p < 0.01). In addition, Rho kinase-1 (ROCK-1) protein expression was significantly upregulated under stress conditions (p < 0.05), and phosphorylated myosin light chain (phospho-MLC) levels, contribute to smooth muscle contraction, were also upregulated (p < 0.01). Treatment with fasudil hydrochloride, a Rho kinase inhibitor, for 5 days significantly improved erectile function (p < 0.01) and normalized ROCK-1 and phospho-MLC levels (p < 0.01). Thus, the RhoA/Rho kinase pathway may be associated with stress-induced ED via contraction of CC. Stress also decreased the smooth muscle/collagen ratio of CC (p < 0.01), and fasudil treatment did not alleviate these effects (p = 0.50). These findings suggested that penile fibrosis gradually progressed under stress conditions and that fibrosis may be independent of the RhoA/Rho kinase pathway, implying that longer exposure to stress may promote ED. We conclude that stress-induced ED was caused by contraction of CC mediated by the RhoA/Rho kinase pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Mori
- Department of Hospital PharmacyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Yuji Hotta
- Department of Hospital PharmacyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Daigaku Nakamura
- Department of Hospital PharmacyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Ryo Yahagi
- Department of Hospital PharmacyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Tomoya Kataoka
- Department of Clinical PharmaceuticsGraduate School of Medical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Kazunori Kimura
- Department of Hospital PharmacyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan
- Department of Clinical PharmaceuticsGraduate School of Medical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Colakerol A, Temiz MZ, Tavukcu HH, Aykan S, Ozsoy S, Sahan A, Kandirali E, Semercioz A. Effects of ozone treatment on penile erection capacity and nitric oxide synthase levels in diabetic rats. Int J Impot Res 2021; 33:1-8. [PMID: 32393847 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-020-0301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the effects of ozone treatment on functional and biochemical changes in corpus cavernosum of diabetic rats. A total of 18 rats were included in the study. The rats were divided into the three groups as control, diabetes mellitus, and diabetes mellitus + ozone therapy groups. In the latter, ozone gas mixture was administered intraperitoneally for 2 weeks after the induction of experimental diabetes model. Erectile response was evaluated by determining mean intracavernosal pressure. Tissue neuronal, inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase levels were evaluated with commercial ELISA kits. Immunohistochemical evaluation was also performed to determine the expression levels of nitric oxide synthases semiquantatively. Mean intracavernosal pressure and intracavernosal pressure/systemic arterial blood pressure ratio were significantly higher in the diabetes mellitus + ozone therapy group than those of diabetes mellitus group (24.57 ± 6.36 mmHg vs. 5.98 ± 2.04 mmHg, p = 0.005 and 0.81 ± 0.16 vs. 0.26 ± 0.11, p = 0.0001, respectively). The level of penile tissue endothelial nitric oxide synthase was significantly higher in diabetes mellitus + ozone therapy group compared with others (19.28 ± 3.40 ng/mL vs. 13.47 ± 2.06 ng/mL and 13.28 ± 1.48 ng/mL, P = 0.01). Endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression increased significantly with ozone therapy. Our results suggest that ozone therapy may be beneficial in reducing the negative effects of diabetes on erectile dysfunction as a result of enhanced enzymatic activity in endothelial nitric oxide synthase levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Colakerol
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Zafer Temiz
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Huseyin Tavukcu
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Aykan
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sule Ozsoy
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Sahan
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Engin Kandirali
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Atilla Semercioz
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The Potential Role of Sildenafil in Cancer Management through EPR Augmentation. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11060585. [PMID: 34205602 PMCID: PMC8234771 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced permeation retention (EPR) was a significant milestone discovery by Maeda et al. paving the path for the emerging field of nanomedicine to become a powerful tool in the fight against cancer. Sildenafil is a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5) used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) through the relaxation of smooth muscles and the modulation of vascular endothelial permeability. Overexpression of PDE-5 has been reported in lung, colon, metastatic breast cancers, and bladder squamous carcinoma. Moreover, sildenafil has been reported to increase the sensitivity of tumor cells of different origins to the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapeutic agents with augmented apoptosis mediated through inducing the downregulation of Bcl-xL and FAP-1 expression, enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, phosphorylating BAD and Bcl-2, upregulating caspase-3,8,9 activities, and blocking cells at G0/G1 cell cycle phase. Sildenafil has also demonstrated inhibitory effects on the efflux activity of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters such as ABCC4, ABCC5, ABCB1, and ABCG2, ultimately reversing multidrug resistance. Accordingly, there has been a growing interest in using sildenafil as monotherapy or chemoadjuvant in EPR augmentation and management of different types of cancer. In this review, we critically examine the basic molecular mechanism of sildenafil related to cancer biology and discuss the overall potential of sildenafil in enhancing EPR-based anticancer drug delivery, pointing to the outcomes of the most important related preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
|
25
|
Poitras EL, Gust SL, Kerr PM, Plane F. Repurposing of the PDE5 Inhibitor Sildenafil for the Treatment of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension in Neonates. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2418-2437. [PMID: 32964819 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200923151924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), an important endogenous signaling molecule released from vascular endothelial cells and nerves, activates the enzyme soluble guanylate cyclase to catalyze the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) from guanosine triphosphate. cGMP, in turn, activates protein kinase G to phosphorylate a range of effector proteins in smooth muscle cells that reduce intracellular Ca2+ levels to inhibit both contractility and proliferation. The enzyme phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) curtails the actions of cGMP by hydrolyzing it into inactive 5'-GMP. Small molecule PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5is), such as sildenafil, prolong the availability of cGMP and therefore, enhance NO-mediated signaling. PDE5is are the first-line treatment for erectile dysfunction but are also now approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in adults. Persistent pulmonary hypertension in neonates (PPHN) is currently treated with inhaled NO, but this is an expensive option and around 1/3 of newborns are unresponsive, resulting in the need for alternative approaches. Here the development, chemistry and pharmacology of PDE5is, the use of sildenafil for erectile dysfunction and PAH, are summarized and then current evidence for the utility of further repurposing of sildenafil, as a treatment for PPHN, is critically reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika L Poitras
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Stephen L Gust
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Paul M Kerr
- Faculty of Nursing, Robbins Health Learning Centre, MacEwan University, Edmonton, Alberta T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Frances Plane
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Topically delivered nitric oxide acts synergistically with an orally administered PDE5 inhibitor in eliciting an erectile response in a rat model of radical prostatectomy. Int J Impot Res 2021; 34:573-580. [PMID: 34017115 PMCID: PMC8842897 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-021-00451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) have a high incidence of post-operative erectile dysfunction (ED) refractory to treatment by oral phosphodiesterase-type-5-inhibitors (PDE5i). In the present studies, we investigated if a topically applied, nitric oxide microparticle delivery system (NO-MP) might act synergistically with an oral PDE5i (sildenafil) to improve erectile function outcomes in a rat model of RP. Thirty-five Sprague–Dawley rats underwent bilateral transection of the cavernous nerve (CN) for one week. After one-week, animals were orally administered 0, 0.05 or 0.005 mg sildenafil/kg and the erectile response following topical application to the penile shaft of 250mg or 100mg NO-MP, or blank-MP, was monitored over a two-hour timeframe by recording the intracorporal pressure normalized to systemic blood pressure (ICP/BP, N=5 animals/treatment group). Oral treatment with sildenafil by itself resulted in no observable erectile response. However, a combination of orally administered 0.05 sildenafil/kg with topical application of 250mg NO-MP, compared to 250 mg NO-MP by itself, resulted in significantly more spontaneous erections (4.6 compared to 2 erections per hour, t-test; p-value = 0.043), with a significantly faster onset for the first erectile response (11 compared to 22 minutes; t-test, p-value = 0.041). Our results demonstrate a synergistic effect between orally administered PDE5i and topically applied NO-MP in eliciting an erectile response. Furthermore, they suggest a potential novel therapeutic approach to treat men with ED resulting from RP, through combination therapy of a topically applied NO-MP and an orally administered PDE5i.
Collapse
|
27
|
Brennan PLR, Sterett M, DiBuono M, Lara Granados G, Klo K, Marsden R, Schleinig P, Tanner L, Purdy S. Intra-horn Penile Intromission in the Alpaca Vicugna pacos and Consequences to Genital Morphology. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 61:624-633. [PMID: 33970265 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Copulatory behavior and genital morphology interact to deliver sperm more effectively during mating, but the nature of this interaction has not been explored in depth in most vertebrates. Alpacas have unusually long copulations lasting 15-20 min, and a unique copulatory behavior, where the penis intromits all the way past the cervix, into the uterine horns. Here we describe the morphology of male and female genitalia and report unique morphological characteristics that may be associated with this unusual insemination mode. Vaginal shape is highly variable, and seemingly not associated with age or parity. The cranial vagina varies between bulbous and cylindrical, while the caudal vagina is typically narrower and always cylindrical. The cervix consists of a series of two to three spirals or rings, and it is often found in a relaxed state that may prevent damage caused by the cartilaginous penis tip as it pushes through the cervix to reach the uterine horns. The uterus and uterine horns have a complex shape with multiple constrictions. The cartilaginous penis tip has a sharp urethral process that may help to push against these constrictions. The diameter of the vaginal lumen is much greater than the diameter of the penis suggesting that there is little direct interaction between them, and that female vaginal shape is not under strong copulatory selection. In effect, the entire female reproductive tract of the female is interacting with the penis during copulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L R Brennan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
| | - Maya Sterett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
| | - Mary DiBuono
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
| | - Genesis Lara Granados
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
| | - Kay Klo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
| | - Rebecca Marsden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
| | - Pearl Schleinig
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
| | - Louise Tanner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
| | - Stephen Purdy
- North American Camelid Studies Program, Nunoa Project, Belchertown, MA 01007, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Britto-Júnior J, Fernandes Jacintho F, Campos R, Pinheiro DHA, Figueiredo Murari GM, de Souza VB, Schenka AA, Mónica FZ, Moreno RA, Antunes E, De Nucci G. The basal release of endothelium-derived catecholamines regulates the contractions of Chelonoidis carbonaria aorta caused by electrical-field stimulation. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio.057042. [PMID: 33277238 PMCID: PMC7847266 DOI: 10.1242/bio.057042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The contractions of Chelonoidis carbonaria aortic rings induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) are not inhibited by blockade of the voltage-gated sodium channels by tetrodotoxin but almost abolished by the α1/α2-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine. The objective of this study was to identify the mediator(s) responsible for the EFS-induced contractions of Chelonoidis carbonaria aortic rings. Each ring was suspended between two wire hooks and mounted in isolated 10 ml organ chambers filled with oxygenated and heated Krebs-Henseleit's solution. Dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations were analysed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The contractions caused by dopamine and EFS were done in absence and presence of the nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibitor L-NAME, the NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ, the D1-like receptor antagonist SCH-23390, the D2-like receptor antagonists risperidone, quetiapine, haloperidol, and the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitors salsolinol and 3-iodo-L-tyrosine. Basal concentrations of dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline were detected in Krebs-Henseleit solution containing the aortic rings. The catecholamine concentrations were significantly reduced in endothelium-denuded aortic rings. L-NAME and ODQ significantly potentiated the dopamine-induced contractions. The D2-like receptor antagonists inhibited the EFS-induced contractions of the aortic rings treated with L-NAME, whereas SCH 23390 had no effect. Similar results were observed in the contractions induced by dopamine in L-NAME treated aortic rings. These results indicate that catecholamines released by endothelium regulate the EFS-induced contractions. This may constitute a suitable mechanism by which reptilia modulate specific organ blood flow distribution. This paper has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the article. Summary:Chelonoidis carbonaria aortic rings release endothelium-derived catecholamines that modulate vascular smooth muscle reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Britto-Júnior
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-894, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fernandes Jacintho
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-894, Brazil
| | - Rafael Campos
- Department of Physiology, Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Ceará State University (UECE), Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil
| | - David Halen Araújo Pinheiro
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-894, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Figueiredo Murari
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-894, Brazil
| | - Valéria B de Souza
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-894, Brazil
| | - André A Schenka
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-894, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Z Mónica
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-894, Brazil
| | - Ronilson Agnaldo Moreno
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-894, Brazil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-894, Brazil
| | - Gilberto De Nucci
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-894, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kaya-Sezginer E, Gur S. The Inflammation Network in the Pathogenesis of Erectile Dysfunction: Attractive Potential Therapeutic Targets. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:3955-3972. [PMID: 32329680 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200424161018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erectile dysfunction (ED) is an evolving health problem in the aging male population. Chronic low-grade inflammation is a critical component of ED pathogenesis and a probable intermediate stage of endothelial dysfunction, especially in metabolic diseases, with the inclusion of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. OBJECTIVE This review will present an overview of preclinical and clinical data regarding common inflammatory mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ED associated with metabolic diseases and the effect of antiinflammatory drugs on ED. METHODS A literature search of existing pre-clinical and clinical studies was performed on databases [Pubmed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and Embase] from January 2000 to October 2019. RESULTS Low-grade inflammation is a possible pathological role in endothelial dysfunction as a consequence of ED and other related metabolic diseases. Increased inflammation and endothelial/prothrombotic markers can be associated with the presence and degree of ED. Pharmacological therapy and modification of lifestyle and risk factors may have a significant role in the recovery of erectile response through reduction of inflammatory marker levels. CONCLUSION Inflammation is the least common denominator in the pathology of ED and metabolic disorders. The inflammatory process of ED includes a shift in the complex interactions of cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. These data have established that anti-inflammatory agents could be used as a therapeutic opportunity in the prevention and treatment of ED. Further research on inflammation-related mechanisms underlying ED and the effect of therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing inflammation is required for a better understanding of the pathogenesis and successful management of ED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ecem Kaya-Sezginer
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serap Gur
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Feng D, Liu S, Yang Y, Bai Y, Li D, Han P, Wei W. Generating comprehensive comparative evidence on various interventions for penile rehabilitation in patients with erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:109-124. [PMID: 33532301 PMCID: PMC7844489 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We aim to present a comprehensive comparison of various treatments in the management of penile recovery after radical prostatectomy (RP) and provide recommendations for future research. Methods Literature search of electronic databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycInfo, and Web of Science, and manual retrieval were conducted from inception through March 2020. “Erectile dysfunction” and “prostatectomy” were used as the Mesh terms. The patients, intervention, comparison, outcome, and study design (PICOS) approach were used to define study eligibility. Two authors independently selected studies, evaluated the methodological quality, and extracted data using Cochrane Collaboration’s tools. The data analysis was completed by STATA version 14.2. Results A total of 24 studies with 3,500 patients were incorporated in the final analysis after screening 6,131 records. Our findings indicated that vacuum constriction devices (VCD) ranked 1st which meant that patients in VCD group had the best effect regarding mean IIEF scores within 3 months after RP, and no significant difference was observed between VCD and VCD with 20 mg/day tadalafil (V20DT) (MD: 5.44; 95% CI: −0.81 to 11.69). VCD and 50 mg/day sildenafil (VC50DS) showed superiority over 50 mg/day sildenafil (50DS) (MD: 3.75; 95% CI: 2.74–4.76) and intraurethral alprostadil 125–250 µg (MD: 3.05; 95% CI: 0.38 to 5.72), respectively. Moreover, V20DT showed significant superiority over the other interventions for ≥6 months mean International Index Erectile of Function (IIEF) scores after RP. Monotherapy appeared to have similar efficacy in terms of mean IIEF scores and proportion of patients return to baseline, and the effect of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5is) did not seem to be affected by the patterns of administration (regular or on demand). Conclusions The combination therapy showed certain advantages over monotherapy, and we recommended the combination of VCD and PDE5is to be considered in the clinical management of penile rehabilitation after RP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengzhuo Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubo Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunjin Bai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dengxiong Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wuran Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
European Society for Sexual Medicine Consensus Statement on the Use of the Cavernous Nerve Injury Rodent Model to Study Postradical Prostatectomy Erectile Dysfunction. Sex Med 2020; 8:327-337. [PMID: 32674971 PMCID: PMC7471127 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rodent animal models are currently the most used in vivo model in translational studies looking into the pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction after nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. AIM This European Society for Sexual Medicine (ESSM) statement aims to guide scientists toward utilization of the rodent model in an appropriate, timely, and proficient fashion. METHODS MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for basic science studies, using a rodent animal model, looking into the consequence of pelvic nerve injury on erectile function. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The authors present a consensus on how to best perform experiments with this rodent model, the details of the technique, and highlight possible pitfalls. RESULTS Owing to the specific issue-basic science-Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence criteria cannot be applied. However, ESSM statements on this topic will be provided in which we summarize the ESSM position on various aspects of the model such as the use of the Animal Research Reporting In Vivo Experiments guideline and the of common range parameter for nerve stimulation. We also highlighted the translational limits of the model. CONCLUSION The following statements were formulated as a suggestive guidance for scientists using the cavernous nerve injury model. With this, we hope to standardize and further improve the quality of research in this field. It must be noted that this model has its limitations. Weyne E, Ilg MM, Cakir OO, et al. European Society for Sexual Medicine Consensus Statement on the Use of the Cavernous Nerve Injury Rodent Model to Study Postradical Prostatectomy Erectile Dysfunction. Sex Med 2020;8:327-337.
Collapse
|
32
|
Costa PPC, Campos R, Cabral PHB, Gomes VM, Santos CF, Waller SB, de Sousa EHS, Lopes LGDF, Fonteles MC, do Nascimento NRF. Antihypertensive potential of cis-[Ru(bpy) 2(ImN)(NO)] 3+, a ruthenium-based nitric oxide donor. Res Vet Sci 2020; 130:153-160. [PMID: 32193002 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antihypertensive properties of cis-[Ru(bpy)2ImN(NO)]3+ (FOR0811) in normotensive and in Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. Vasorelaxant effects were analyzed by performing concentration response curve to FOR0811 in rat aortic rings in the absence or presence of 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo-[4,3,-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), L-cysteine or hydroxocobalamin. Normotensive and L-NAME-hypertensive rats were treated with FOR0811 and the effects in blood pressure and heart rate variability in the frequency domain (HRV) were followed. FOR0811 induced relaxation in rat aortic rings. Neither endothelium removal nor L-cysteine altered the FOR0811 effects. However, the incubation with ODQ and hydroxocobalamin completely blunted FOR0811 effects. FOR0811 administered intravenously by bolus infusion (0.01-1 mg/bolus) or chronically by using subcutaneous implanted osmotic pumps significantly reduced the mean arterial blood pressure. The effect was long lasting and did not induce reflex tachycardia. FOR0811 prevented both LF and VLF increases in L-NAME hypertensive rats and has antihypertensive properties. This new ruthenium complex compound might be a promising nitric oxide donor to treat cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Priscila Correia Costa
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Ceará State University, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Campos
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Ceará State University, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Victor Martins Gomes
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Ceará State University, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Stefanie Bressan Waller
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Henrique Silva de Sousa
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Organic and In organic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga de França Lopes
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Organic and In organic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tzoumas N, Farrah TE, Dhaun N, Webb DJ. Established and emerging therapeutic uses of PDE type 5 inhibitors in cardiovascular disease. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5467-5488. [PMID: 31721165 PMCID: PMC7707100 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PDE type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is), such as sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil, are a class of drugs used to prolong the physiological effects of NO/cGMP signalling in tissues through the inhibition of cGMP degradation. Although these agents were originally developed for the treatment of hypertension and angina, unanticipated side effects led to advances in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and, later, pulmonary arterial hypertension. In the last decade, accumulating evidence suggests that PDE5Is may confer a wider range of clinical benefits than was previously recognised. This has led to a broader interest in the cardiovascular therapeutic potential of PDE5Is, in conditions such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus. Here, we review the pharmacological properties and established licensed uses of this class of drug, along with emerging therapeutic developments and possible future indications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Tzoumas
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tariq E Farrah
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neeraj Dhaun
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Webb
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pharmacology and perspectives in erectile dysfunction in man. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 208:107493. [PMID: 31991196 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Penile erection is a perfect example of microcirculation modulated by psychological factors and hormonal status. It is the result of a complex neurovascular process that involves the integrative synchronized action of vascular endothelium; smooth muscle; and psychological, neuronal, and hormonal systems. Therefore, the fine coordination of these events is essential to maintain penile flaccidity or allow erection; an alteration of these events leads to erectile dysfunction (ED). ED is defined as the consistent or recurrent inability of a man to attain and/or maintain a penile erection sufficient for sexual activity. A great boost to this research field was given by commercialization of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors. Indeed, following the discovery of sildenafil, research on the mechanisms underlying penile erection has had an enormous boost, and many preclinical and clinical papers have been published in the last 10 years. This review is structured to provide an overview of the mediators and peripheral mechanism(s) involved in penile function in men, the drugs used in therapy, and the future prospective in the management of ED. Indeed, 30% of patients affected by ED are classified as "nonresponders," and there is still an unmet need for therapeutic alternatives. A flowchart suggesting the guidelines for ED evaluation and the ED pharmacological treatment is also provided.
Collapse
|
35
|
Leitolis A, Crestani S, Linder ÁE, da Silva-Santos JE. High-Salt Intake Reduces Apomorphine-Induced Penile Erection and Increases Neurally Mediated Contractile Responses of the Cavernosal Smooth Muscle in Rats. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:1206-1213. [PMID: 31584631 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to evaluate whether overconsumption of NaCl, a well-known risk factor for hypertension, leads to erectile dysfunction in rodents. METHODS Male Wistar rats received regular chow (control group) or 4% NaCl chow for 24 weeks and were subjected to blood pressure measurement and apomorphine-induced erection. Moreover, cavernosal strips from both the control and 4% NaCl groups were evaluated in organ baths. RESULTS Animals subjected to 4% NaCl chow did not develop hypertension but presented a significant reduction in the total number of erections following apomorphine administration as compared with the control group. The addition of high KCl or phenylephrine resulted in similar contractile responses in the corpus cavernosal strips from both the control and 4% NaCl groups. However, electrical field stimulation-induced contraction was significantly enhanced in cavernosal strips from animals exposed to 4% NaCl. Incubation of Y-27632, but not of atropine and Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), entirely prevented the potentiation of the contractile responses evoked by electrical stimulation. The enhanced contractile responses evoked by electrical stimulation found in the high-salt group were also avoided in the absence of extracellular calcium. Concentration-response curves of CaCl2 revealed augmented contractility in response to extracellular calcium in cavernosal strips from the 4% NaCl-treated rats, compared with control samples. CONCLUSIONS A high-salt diet alone rendered the animals less responsive to apomorphine-induced penile erection and enhanced neurally mediated contractile responses in the corpus cavernosum, a clear indication that overconsumption of sodium can lead to erectile dysfunction even without the development of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Leitolis
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Sandra Crestani
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Áurea Elizabeth Linder
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo da Silva-Santos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Huang H, Huang M, Lv W, Hu Y, Wang R, Zheng X, Ma Y, Chen C, Tang H. Inhibition of Trichophyton rubrum by 420-nm Intense Pulsed Light: In Vitro Activity and the Role of Nitric Oxide in Fungal Death. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1143. [PMID: 31632277 PMCID: PMC6785631 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichophyton rubrum is a common dermatophyte of the skin. The aim of this experiment was to explore the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the inhibition of T. rubrum growth induced by 420-nm intense pulsed light (IPL). This study found that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and NO levels were increased, whereas asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) level, keratinase activity, and fungal viability were decreased after IPL treatment compared with the control condition in vitro. Moreover, micromorphology was damaged by IPL treatment. Fungal viability was increased, and the damage to the fungal structure was reduced after pretreatment with an NOS inhibitor (L-NMMA) compared with IPL treatment alone. Compared with IPL alone, pretreatment with L-NMMA decreased NOS expression and NO level and increased keratinase activity. We found that 420-nm IPL treatment can inhibit the growth of T. rubrum by regulating NO in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Meiling Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Wenyi Lv
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Ruihua Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Xiufen Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Yuetang Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Hongfeng Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
La Fuente JM, Fernández A, Pepe-Cardoso AJ, Martínez-Salamanca JI, Louro N, Angulo J. L-cysteine/hydrogen sulfide pathway induces cGMP-dependent relaxation of corpus cavernosum and penile arteries from patients with erectile dysfunction and improves arterial vasodilation induced by PDE5 inhibition. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 863:172675. [PMID: 31542487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate and characterize H2S-induced relaxation of human corpus cavernosum (HCC) and penile resistance arteries (HPRA) from patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). HCC and HPRA were obtained from men with ED at the time of penile prosthesis insertion. H2S-mediated relaxations were evaluated by exposing these tissues to the stable analogue, NaHS, and to the precursor of H2S, L-cysteine (CYS). The effects of NaHS and CYS were also evaluated on cGMP accumulation in HCC and on acetylcholine- and sildenafil-mediated relaxations in HCC and HPRA. NaHS consistently relaxed HPRA and HCC and more potently than human prostate and bladder. NaHS-induced relaxations in HCC and HPRA were unaffected by the ATP-sensitive K+-channel blocker, glibenclamide or the NO synthase inhibitor, L-NAME, slightly reduced by the Ca2+-activated K+-channel blocker, tetraethylammonium, and markedly inhibited by the soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, ODQ. NaHS caused a cGMP increase in HCC that was inhibited by ODQ. CYS produced relaxations of HCC and HPRA that were sensitive to ODQ and to inhibition of the H2S synthesizing enzymes, cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS). CYS also increased cGMP in HCC. In contrast to NaHS, CYS-induced relaxations were prevented by endothelium removal in HPRA. Only in HPRA, treatment with CYS (30 μM) potentiated acetylcholine- and sildenafil-induced relaxations. This effect was prevented by CSE/CBS inhibition and by removing the endothelium. Exogenous and endogenous H2S relaxes HCC and HPRA from ED patients through cGMP accumulation and potentiates vasodilatory capacity of PDE5 inhibition, supporting the therapeutic potential of modulating H2S pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Argentina Fernández
- Servicio de Histología-Investigación, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional en Cardiología (UFV-IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Nuno Louro
- Serviço de Urologia, Hospital Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal
| | - Javier Angulo
- Servicio de Histología-Investigación, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional en Cardiología (UFV-IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Exploration of Ion Channels in the Clitoris: a Review. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11930-019-00206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
39
|
Therapeutic opportunities in colon cancer: Focus on phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Life Sci 2019; 230:150-161. [PMID: 31125564 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite novel technologies, colon cancer remains undiagnosed and 25% of patients are diagnosed with metastatic colon cancer. Resistant to chemotherapeutic agents is one of the major problems associated with treating colon cancer which creates the need to develop novel agents targeting towards newer targets. A phosphodiesterase is a group of isoenzyme, which, hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides and thereby lowers intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP leading to tumorigenic effects. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed increased PDE expression in different types of cancers including colon cancer. cAMP-specific PDE inhibitors increase intracellular cAMP that leads to activation of effector molecules-cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, exchange protein activated by cAMP and cAMP gated ion channels. These molecules regulate cellular responses and exert its anticancer role through different mechanisms including apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, upregulating tumor suppressor genes and suppressing oncogenes. On the other hand, cGMP specific PDE inhibitors exhibit anticancer effects through cGMP dependent protein kinase and cGMP dependent cation channels. Elevation in cGMP works through activation of caspases, suppression of Wnt/b-catenin pathway and TCF transcription leading to inhibition of CDK and survivin. These studies point out towards the fact that PDE inhibition is associated with anti-proliferative, anti-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic pathways involved in its anticancer effects in colon cancer. Thus, inhibition of PDE enzymes can be used as a novel approach to treat colon cancer. This review will focus on cAMP and cGMP signaling pathways leading to tumorigenesis and the use of PDE inhibitors in colon cancer.
Collapse
|
40
|
Safety and Efficacy of Intracavernosal Injections of AbobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport ®) as Add on Therapy to Phosphosdiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors or Prostaglandin E1 for Erectile Dysfunction-Case Studies. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11050283. [PMID: 31117236 PMCID: PMC6563248 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a highly prevalent condition with a variety of possible risk factors and/or etiologies. Despite significant advances regarding ED pharmacological management, there are still insufficient responders to existing pharmacological treatments e.g., approximately 30% of patients are insufficient responders to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is). It has been recently proposed that botulinum toxin A intracavernosally (IC) delivered could be effective in these patients. Data from a retrospective uncontrolled single center study of 47 ED patients, consecutively recruited, insufficient responders to existing pharmacological treatments e.g., PDE5-Is or IC PGE1 injections treated with IC abobotulinumtoxinA 250 or 500 U as free combination with their existing treatment have been analyzed. Response rate, according to the International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function domain score, 6 weeks following IC abobotulinumtoxinA in combination with prior pharmacological treatment, was 54%. Two patients have reported mild penile pain on injection or during the 3 days following injection. Therapeutic efficacy did not seem to be influenced by the etiologies and/or risk factors for ED. Conversely, the less severe ED, the higher the response rate. Preliminary evidence for the therapeutical potential with acceptable safety of IC abobotulinumtoxinA as add-on therapy for ED not sufficiently responsive to standard therapy should be confirmed in randomized clinical trials.
Collapse
|
41
|
Ferrini MG, Abraham A, Nguyen S, Luna R, Flores M, Artaza JN, Graciano L, Rajfer J. Exogenous l-ARGININE does not stimulate production OF NO or cGMP within the rat corporal smooth muscle cells in culture. Nitric Oxide 2019; 89:64-70. [PMID: 31075315 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Nitric oxide (NO) is the intracellular chemical responsible for initiating a penile erection. Despite conflicting clinical data, it continues to be publicized and promoted that orally administered l-arginine, the putative substrate for NO, enhances the erectile response presumably by stimulating NO production by the corporal tissues resulting in an increase in cGMP production. To shed light on this issue, an in vitro study was conducted to explore the effect of direct exogenous administration of l-arginine as well as its precursor and metabolite, l-citrulline, on the NO-cGMP pathway within the cavernosal smooth muscle (CSM) cell. MATERIALS AND METHODS CSM cells obtained from 8 to 10 week old Sprague-Dawley rats were grown in Dulbecco media with 20% fetal calf serum and then incubated with or without l-arginine (L-ARG) or l-citrulline (L-CIT) in a time course and dose-response manner. Sildenafil (0.4 mM), IBMX (1 mM), l-NAME (3 μM), ODQ (5 μM) and Deta Nonoate (10 μM) were used as either inhibitors or stimulators of the NO-cGMP pathway. mRNA and protein were extracted and used for the determination of the phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5). PDE5 activity was determined by luminometry. cGMP content was determined by ELISA. Nitrite formation, an indicator of NO production, was measured in the cell culture media by a colorimetric assay. The cationic (CAT-1) and neutral (SNAT-1) amino acid transporters for L-ARG and L-CIT, respectively, were determined by Western blot. RESULTS When compared to untreated CSM cells, incubation with 0.25-4.0 mM of L-ARG or 0.3-4.8 mM of L-CIT anywhere between 3 and 24 h did not result in any additional nitrite or cGMP production. The addition of l-NAME, IBMX or ODQ to these L-ARG and L-CIT treated cells did not alter these results. L-CIT but not L-ARG increased PDE5 mRNA and protein content as well as the activity of the PDE5 enzyme. Both CAT-1 and SNAT-1 were expressed in the CSM cells. CONCLUSIONS This in vitro study demonstrates that exogenous administration of L-ARG or L-CIT failed to stimulate production of either NO or cGMP by the corporal CSM cells. A re-evaluation of the presumptive role of the exogenous administration of L-ARG in improving the synthesis of NO at least at the level of the CSM cells appears warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica G Ferrini
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Andrea Abraham
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sabine Nguyen
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Luna
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Manuel Flores
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jorge N Artaza
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leslie Graciano
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacob Rajfer
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Oyeleye SI, Adefegha SA, Dada FA, Okeke BM, Oboh G. Effect of
p
‐coumaric acid on the erectogenic enzyme activities and non‐protein thiol level in the penile tissue of normal and doxorubicin‐induced oxidative stress male rat. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13281. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Idowu Oyeleye
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria
- Department of Biomedical Technology Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria
| | - Stephen Adeniyi Adefegha
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria
| | - Felix Abayomi Dada
- Science Laboratory Technology Department (Biochemistry Unit) Federal Polytechnic Ede Ede Nigeria
| | - Bathlomew Maduka Okeke
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Campos R, Claudino MA, de Oliveira MG, Franco-Penteado CF, Del Grossi Ferraz Carvalho F, Zaminelli T, Antunes E, De Nucci G. Amiloride Relaxes Rat Corpus Cavernosum Relaxation In Vitro and Increases Intracavernous Pressure In Vivo. J Sex Med 2019; 16:500-511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.01.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
44
|
Abbaspour B, Sharifi SD, Ghazanfari S, Honarbakhsh S, Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh A. The effect of l-arginine and flaxseed on plasma testosterone concentration, semen quality and some testicular histology parameters in old broiler breeder roosters. Theriogenology 2019; 128:101-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
45
|
Cavalla D. Using human experience to identify drug repurposing opportunities: theory and practice. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:680-689. [PMID: 30648285 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrospective evidence drawn from real-world experience of a medicine's use outside its labelled indication is one of a number of techniques used in drug repurposing (DRP). Relying as it does on large numbers of real incidences of human experience, rather than individual case reports with limited statistical support, preclinical experiments with poor translatability or in silico associations, which are early-stage hypotheses, it represents the best validated form of DRP. Cancer is the most frequent of such DRP examples (e.g. aspirin in pancreatic cancer, hazard ratio = 0.25). This approach can be combined with pathway analysis to provide first-in-class treatments for complex diseases. Alternatively, it can be combined with prospective preclinical studies to uncover a validated mechanism for a new indication, after which a repurposed molecule is chemically optimized.
Collapse
|
46
|
The role of Pax6 in brain development and its impact on pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder. Brain Res 2019; 1705:95-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
47
|
Beneficial treatment effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on testicular injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. Reprod Biomed Online 2019; 39:357-371. [PMID: 30952494 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Do low doses of dietary nitrate help to attenuate the progression of diabetic reproductive disorders in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats? DESIGN Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: controls receiving distilled water; controls receiving 100 mg/l nitrate in distilled water; diabetic rats receiving distilled water; diabetic rats receiving insulin 2-4 U/day of neutral protamine hagedorn insulin; and diabetic rats receiving 100 mg/l nitrate in distilled water. Diabetes was induced by 45 mg/kg streptozotocin. Nitrate and insulin treatment were started 4 weeks after diabetes induction for 8 weeks. Serum insulin, nitrogen oxide, stereology of testis, apoptosis, sperm parameters, and mRNA expression of Pdcd4, Pacs2, p53 and miR-449a were assessed at the end of the study. RESULTS Blood glucose, apoptotic index of seminiferous tubules and expression of p53, Pdcd4, and Pacs2 mRNA were significantly higher in the diabetic rats (P < 0.001). Decreased body weight, serum insulin and nitrogen oxide level, and miR-449a were observed in the diabetic group (P < 0.01 for insulin; P < 0.001 for others). Most sperm parameters and stereological results differed between diabetic and control rats; nitrate recovered almost all these alterations, including dead spermatozoa, sperm motility grade, sperm deformity index, spermatozoa with damaged DNA, malformations in abnormal spermatozoa, total volume of seminiferous tubule, germinal epithelium, capsule, lumen, interstitial tissue, seminiferous tubule diameter, germinal epithelium height, the number of spermatogenic, Sertoli and Leydig cells. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with sodium nitrate could modulate apoptosis, which is a major cause of diabetic testicular disorder. These experiments suggest that nitric oxide plays an important role in the function of the reproductive system.
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Nitric Oxide 20 Years from the 1998 Nobel Prize. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.2/issuetoc.
Collapse
|
49
|
A gentle introduction to gasotransmitters with special reference to nitric oxide: biological and chemical implications. REV INORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2018-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are gaseous molecules of major impact in biology. Despite their toxicity, these molecules have profound effects on mammalian physiology and major implications in therapeutics. At tiny concentrations in human biology, they play key signaling and regulatory functions and hence are now labeled as “gasotransmitters.” In this literature survey, an introduction to gasotransmitters in relevance with NO, CO and H2S has been primarily focused. A special attention has been given to the conjoint physiological, pathophysiological and therapeutic aspects of NO in this work. In addition to the aforementioned elements of the investigation being reported, this report gives a detailed account of some of the recent advancements covering the NO release from both the nitro as well as nitroso compounds. The importance of the metallic center on the eve of producing the reduction center on NO and to develop photolabile properties have been elaborated within the effect of a few examples of metallic centers. Also, theoretical investigations that have been reported in the recent past and some other current theories pertaining to NO chemistry have been enlightened in this review. From the overall study, it is eminent that a number of facts are yet to be explored in context with NO for deeper mechanistic insights, model design for these molecules, other key roles and the search to find the best fit formalism in theoretical chemistry.
Collapse
|
50
|
Alleviation of impaired reactivity in the corpus cavernosum of STZ-diabetic rats by slow-release H2S donor GYY4137. Int J Impot Res 2018; 31:111-118. [DOI: 10.1038/s41443-018-0083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|