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Livint Popa L, Dragos H, Pantelemon C, Verisezan Rosu O, Strilciuc S. The Role of Quantitative EEG in the Diagnosis of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. J Med Life 2020; 13:8-15. [PMID: 32341694 PMCID: PMC7175442 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2019-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) is a modern type of electroencephalography (EEG) analysis that involves recording digital EEG signals which are processed, transformed, and analyzed using complex mathematical algorithms. QEEG has brought new techniques of EEG signals feature extraction: analysis of specific frequency band and signal complexity, analysis of connectivity, and network analysis. The clinical application of QEEG is extensive, including neuropsychiatric disorders, epilepsy, stroke, dementia, traumatic brain injury, mental health disorders, and many others. In this review, we talk through existing evidence on the practical applications of this clinical tool. We conclude that to date, the role of QEEG is not necessarily to pinpoint an immediate diagnosis but to provide additional insight in conjunction with other diagnostic evaluations in order to objective information necessary for obtaining a precise diagnosis, correct disease severity assessment, and specific treatment response evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Livint Popa
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, "Iuliu Hatieganu "University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Hanna Dragos
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, "Iuliu Hatieganu "University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Pantelemon
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, "Iuliu Hatieganu "University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Olivia Verisezan Rosu
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, "Iuliu Hatieganu "University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Stefan Strilciuc
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, "Iuliu Hatieganu "University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Lebiecka K, Zuchowicz U, Wozniak-Kwasniewska A, Szekely D, Olejarczyk E, David O. Complexity Analysis of EEG Data in Persons With Depression Subjected to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1385. [PMID: 30323771 PMCID: PMC6172427 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this work was to study the neurophysiological effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in 8 patients with major depression disorder (MDD) and 10 patients with bipolar disorder (BP), considering separately responders and non-responders to rTMS therapy in each of both groups. Methods: The Higuchi's Fractal Dimension (FD) was analyzed from 64-channels EEG signals in five physiological frequency bands and every channel separately. Changes of FD were analyzed before and after 1st, 10th, and 20th session of rTMS. Results: Some differences in response to the rTMS therapy was found across individual groups. In MDD responders, FD decreased in all bands after longer stimulation (20th session). Whereas, in BP non-responders, FD decreased after 1st session in all bands as well as after 10th session in lower frequencies (delta and theta). In MDD non-responders and BP responders FD increased at the beginning of the therapy (1st and 10th session, respectively), but the final FD value did not changed in comparison to the initial FD value, except the FD decrease for theta band in BP responders. Comparison between groups showed a higher FD in MDD responders than in MDD non-responders in every band before as well as after stimulation. In contrast to MDD patients, FD was lower in BP responders than in BP non-responders in higher frequency bands (alpha, beta, and gamma) in both conditions as well as in lower frequency bands (delta and theta) after stimulation. Comparing both groups of responders, FD was lower in MDD than in BP in every band, except alpha. In case of non-responders, FD was higher in BP than in MDD in all bands in both conditions. Conclusion: The results showed that FD may be useful marker for evaluation of the rTMS effectiveness and the therapy progress as well as for group differentiation between MDD and BP or between responders and non-responders. The changes of FD under the influence of rTMS allow to unambiguously conclude whether the effect of stimulation is positive or negative as well as allow to evaluate an optimal time of rTMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Lebiecka
- Department of Automatics and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Zuchowicz
- Department of Automatics and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Wozniak-Kwasniewska
- U1216, Inserm, Grenoble, France
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - David Szekely
- U1216, Inserm, Grenoble, France
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Service de Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Elzbieta Olejarczyk
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olivier David
- U1216, Inserm, Grenoble, France
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Holston EC. Describing brain activity of persons with AD and depressive symptoms. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2014; 28:413-9. [PMID: 25457693 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this retrospective pilot study was to characterize depression of AD using electrophysiological changes in the brain activity of persons with AD and depressive symptoms. Participants had a mean age of 70.12±12.68. Participants manifested an increase in absolute/relative theta activity (p=.000) over entire brain when compared to normative population-based database. Electrophysiological changes did not differ by age or gender except for increased absolute theta activity in the right lateral frontal areas (t-test=-2.31 to -2.39, p=.04) in females. An increased theta activity suggests that depressive symptoms may be part of AD symptomatology, not a co-morbid feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra C Holston
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville College of Nursing, Knoxville, TN.
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Pozzi D, Petracchi M, Sabe L, Dancygier G, García H, Starkstein S. Quantified electroencephalographic changes in Parkinson's disease with and without dementia. Eur J Neurol 2011; 1:147-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.1994.tb00063.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kanda PADM, Anghinah R, Smidth MT, Silva JM. The clinical use of quantitative EEG in cognitive disorders. Dement Neuropsychol 2009; 3:195-203. [PMID: 29213628 PMCID: PMC5618973 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-57642009dn30300004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary diagnosis of most cognitive disorders is clinically based, but the
EEG plays a role in evaluating, classifying and following some of these
disorders. There is an ongoing debate over routine use of qEEG. Although many
findings regarding the clinical use of quantitative EEG are awaiting validation
by independent investigators while confirmatory clinical follow-up studies are
also needed, qEEG can be cautiously used by a skilled neurophysiologist in
cognitive dysfunctions to improve the analysis of background activity, slow/fast
focal activity, subtle asymmetries, spikes and waves, as well as in longitudinal
follow-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Afonso de Medeiros Kanda
- Reference Center of Behavioral and Cognitive Disorders of Clinicas Hospital of the University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Anghinah
- Reference Center of Behavioral and Cognitive Disorders of Clinicas Hospital of the University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Magali Taino Smidth
- Reference Center of Behavioral and Cognitive Disorders of Clinicas Hospital of the University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Mario Silva
- Reference Center of Behavioral and Cognitive Disorders of Clinicas Hospital of the University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Association study of theta EEG asymmetry and brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene variants in childhood-onset mood disorder. Neuromolecular Med 2008; 10:343-55. [PMID: 18543122 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-008-8038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood-onset mood disorders (COMD) include various serious, disabling psychiatric conditions that are heterogeneous in presentation and etiology. Because intermediate phenotypes may help to identify genetic contributors to COMD, we tested for an association between variants in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene and theta EEG asymmetry, both of which have been independently implicated in affective disorders. METHODS Theta EEG asymmetry measures were calculated for a total of 191 individuals with COMD and 93 controls, who were also genotyped at seven BDNF single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), two intergenic flanking SNPs, and one SNP in the lin-7 homolog C (Caenorhabditis elegans) (LIN7C) gene. RESULTS Adjusting for sex and ethnicity in linear models of asymmetry scores at ten brain regions, significant genotype and genotype-by-ethnicity interactions were observed for marker Val66Met in two parietal (P3/4 and P7/8) regions in the depressed group only. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the functional Val66Met polymorphism affects theta EEG asymmetry in parietal brain regions specifically in individuals with COMD.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive syndromes in dementia are common, treatment is challenging and controlled intervention studies are small in number. The goal of this paper is to review known information about the etiology, epidemiology and treatment of these syndromes, as summarized at the recent Canadian Consensus Conference on Dementia. METHODS A number of Medline searches were performed (most recently updated in October 2000) using the subject categories dementia and depression, or apathy or emotional lability and other relevant articles were also reviewed. The background article was edited and amended at the Consensus Conference on Dementia. Final recommendations appearing in the summary article by Patterson et al were accepted by the group consensus process. Clinical discussion and informational updates were added for the current text by the authors. RESULTS Depressive syndromes, ranging in severity from isolated symptoms to full depressive disorders, increase in dementia. While clear-cut depressive disorder is increased in this population, sub-syndromal disorders are even more common and cause considerable distress. Antidepressant treatment may improve the quality of life in depressed, demented people, although it is less successful than in those without cognitive impairment and carries more risk of iatrogenic effects. CONCLUSIONS Physicians should be alert to the presence of depressive syndromes in dementia. Depressive illness should be treated and, when necessary, referral should be made to an appropriate specialist. Treatment must minimize iatrogenic effects. Although there is some support for treatment of syndromes that do not meet criteria for depressive disorder or dysthymia, the first line of intervention in these situations should involve nonpharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Thorpe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Abstract
The increase in research studies focusing on neuropsychiatric symptoms over the last decade has greatly increased our knowledge base, particularly with regard to the frequency of these symptoms and their impact on both patients and carers. We still have a poor understanding of the natural course of these symptoms and their biologic correlates, however, and more specific treatment studies are needed to inform clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ballard
- MRC Neurochemical Pathology Unit, Newcastle General Hospital, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 6BE, UK
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Dahabra S, Ashton CH, Bahrainian M, Britton PG, Ferrier IN, McAllister VA, Marsh VR, Moore PB. Structural and functional abnormalities in elderly patients clinically recovered from early- and late-onset depression. Biol Psychiatry 1998; 44:34-46. [PMID: 9646881 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural and functional brain changes have been described in elderly patients with unipolar affective disorder. Changes appear to be more marked in patients with late-onset depression, but the reversibility of such changes after clinical recovery is not known. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography (EEG), and cognitive tests were performed in 23 elderly patients (mean age 66.5 years) clinically recovered from major depression. Twelve had late-onset depression (first episode over 55 years of age); 11 had early onset (first episode before 50 years). EEG and cognitive testing were also performed on 15 control subjects. RESULTS Patients with late-onset depression had larger third and lateral ventricles, increased ventricular-brain ratio, and greater frequency and severity of subcortical white matter lesions than those with early onset. There was no difference between early- and late-onset patients in EEG and cognitive measures, but compared with controls patients showed significant changes in EEG evoked potentials and increased slow-wave activity, slowed reaction times, and global impairments in cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that structural changes are greater in patients with late-onset depression, and that EEG and cognitive impairments persist after recovery, regardless of age of onset of depression, and are independent of structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dahabra
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Pozzi D, Golimstock A, Petracchi M, García H, Starkstein S. Quantified electroencephalographic changes in depressed patients with and without dementia. Biol Psychiatry 1995; 38:677-83. [PMID: 8555379 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(94)00371-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We carried out quantified electroencephalograms (qEEG) in 17 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD), who also met the DSM-III-R criteria for either dysthymia or major depression, and 18 AD patients with comparable intellectual impairment but no depression, 13 patients with depression but no AD, and 10 age-matched normal controls. There was a significant effect for depression in alpha relative power: depressed patients (with or without AD) showed a significantly lower alpha relative power in the right posterior region as compared to nondepressed patients; however, this change was observed over the right hemisphere in depressed non-AD patients, and in left, medial, and right posterior regions in depressed-AD patients. Depressed patients without AD showed a significant global decrease in delta power, whereas depressed patients with AD showed significant increments in delta power in posterior brain areas. In conclusion, AD patients with depression showed qEEG changes that were significantly different from qEEG changes in depressed non-AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pozzi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Raúl Carrea Institute of Neurological Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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