Different metabolic changes in the lateral geniculate nucleus and the superior colliculus of adult rats after simultaneous or delayed double enucleation

Eph/ephrin expression in the adult rat visual system following localized retinal lesions: localized and transneuronal up-regulation in the retina and superior colliculus

Following unilateral optic nerve section in adult PVG hooded rat, the axon guidance cue ephrin-A2 is up-regulated in caudal but not rostral superior colliculus (SC) and the EphA5 receptor is down-regulated in axotomised retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Changes occur bilaterally despite the retino-collicular projection being mostly crossed. Here we investigate the dynamics of Eph/ephrin expression using in situ hybridization and semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry after localized retinal lesions. Unilateral krypton laser lesions to dorso-nasal retina ablated contralaterally projecting RGCs (DN group); ventro-temporal lesions ablated contralaterally and ipsilaterally projecting RGCs (VT group). Lesions of the entire retina served as controls (Total group). Results are compared to normal animals in which tectal ephrin-A2 and retinal EphA5 are expressed, respectively, as shallow ascending rostro-caudal and naso-temporal gradients. In both SCs of DN and Total groups, tectal ephrin-A2 was up-regulated caudally; in the VT group, expression remained normal bilaterally. Unilateral collicular ablation indicated that bilateral changes in ephrin-A2 expression are mediated via intercollicular pathways. EphA5 expression in the VT group was elevated in the intact nasal region of experimental retinae. For each experimental group, EphA5 expression was also elevated in nasal retina of the opposite eye, resulting in uniform expression across the naso-temporal axis. Up-regulation of ephrin-A2 in caudal, but not rostral, SC suggests the enhancement of developmental positional information as a result of injury. Bilateral increases in retinal EphA5 expression demonstrate that signals for up-regulation operate interocularly. The study demonstrates that signals regulating guidance cue expression are both localized and relayed transneuronally.

Effects of neonatal enucleation on catecholamine and serotonin turnover and amino acid levels in lateral geniculate nucleus and visual cortex of the adult rat

Changes in turnover of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) and their metabolites, together with amino acid content, have been studied in dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) and visual cortex (VC) of neonatal enucleated rats. Enucleation increases the 5-HT turnover in LGNd and catecholamine turnover in VC. In contrast, enucleation decreases glutamate (and/or aspartate) content in LGNd and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in VC. These changes suggest an increase of the inhibitory action of the biogenic amines in LGNd after neonatal enucleation. The decrease of GABA in VC may reflect the importance of GABA in intracortical circuitry.