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Zhang X, Jin Y, Wu Y, Zhang C, Jin D, Zheng Q, Li Y. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemia effects of the alkaloid-rich extract from barks of Litsea glutinosa in ob/ob mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12646. [PMID: 30140027 PMCID: PMC6107583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30823-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemia effects of the alkaloid-rich extract from Litsea glutinosa barks (CG) in ob/ob mice. CG was orally administrated (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) to ob/ob mice for 4 weeks. Parameters of glucose metabolism, hepatotoxicity, hyperlipidemia and inflammation were measured. CG was chemically characterized using UPLC-QTOF-MS. CG dose-dependently decreased body and fat weights without reducing average food intake. CG (100–200 mg/kg) significantly reduced the serum levels of fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) and glycosylated serum protein (GSP). CG increased insulin sensitivity as manifested by decreased fasting serum insulin, reduced homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and improved oral glucose tolerance. CG also alleviated dyslipidemia, ameliorated liver steatosis, increased the activity of serum lipase and alleviated inflammation. The activities of liver pyruvate kinase and glucokinase as well as liver content of glycogen were increased after CG treatment. CG was rich in alkaloids and eight main alkaloids were identified, many of which had been demonstrated to possess adequate anti-diabetic activities. These results suggest that the alkaloid-rich extract of CG possesses potential anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects and can be utilized as an effective agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopo Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Yan Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Younan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Dejun Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Qingxia Zheng
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Youbin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
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do Nascimento GE, Baggio CH, Werner MFDP, Iacomini M, Cordeiro LMC. Arabinoxylan from Mucilage of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.): Structure and Antinociceptive Effect in Mouse Models. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1239-1244. [PMID: 26824871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is a known functional food due to its content of bioactive compounds. Herein, polysaccharides were extracted from mucilage of tomatoes, and a purified fraction (PTOK) was analyzed by sugar composition, methylation, and NMR spectroscopy analysis. The results showed the presence of an arabinoxylan, having (1→4)-linked β-d-Xylp units in the main chain, which carried a low proportion of branching (∼5.6%), at O-2 and O-3 position, with side chains constituted by single Araf or Xylp units. Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice significantly reduced the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid and the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin, indicating that it had an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain models, amplifying the biological role displayed by arabinoxylans in the diet. Furthermore, this study reports the presence of an arabinoxylan in a dicotyledon plant, and also it is the first study of polysaccharides from mucilage of tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Erdmann do Nascimento
- Departamento de Bioquı́mica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná , CP 19.046, CEP 81.531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Cristiane H Baggio
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná , CEP 81.531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Marcello Iacomini
- Departamento de Bioquı́mica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná , CP 19.046, CEP 81.531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucimara M C Cordeiro
- Departamento de Bioquı́mica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná , CP 19.046, CEP 81.531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Cytotoxicity potentials of eleven Bangladeshi medicinal plants. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:913127. [PMID: 25431796 PMCID: PMC4241325 DOI: 10.1155/2014/913127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Various forms of cancer are rising all over the world, requiring newer therapy. The quest of anticancer drugs both from natural and synthetic sources is the demand of time. In this study, fourteen extracts of different parts of eleven Bangladeshi medicinal plants which have been traditionally used for the treatment of different types of carcinoma, tumor, leprosy, and diseases associated with cancer were evaluated for their cytotoxicity for the first time. Extraction was conceded using methanol. Phytochemical groups like reducing sugars, tannins, saponins, steroids, gums, flavonoids, and alkaloids were tested using standard chromogenic reagents. Plants were evaluated for cytotoxicity by brine shrimp lethality bioassay using Artemia salina comparing with standard anticancer drug vincristine sulphate. All the extracts showed potent to moderate cytotoxicity ranging from LC50 2 to 115 µg/mL. The highest toxicity was shown by Hygrophila spinosa seeds (LC50 = 2.93 µg/mL) and the lowest by Litsea glutinosa leaves (LC50 = 114.71 µg/mL) in comparison with standard vincristine sulphate (LC50 = 2.04 µg/mL). Among the plants, the plants traditionally used in different cancer and microbial treatments showed highest cytotoxicity. The results support their ethnomedicinal uses and require advanced investigation to elucidate responsible compounds as well as their mode of action.
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A new arabinoxylan from green leaves of Litsea glutinosa (Lauraeae): Structural and biological studies. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:1243-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chiniquy D, Sharma V, Schultink A, Baidoo EE, Rautengarten C, Cheng K, Carroll A, Ulvskov P, Harholt J, Keasling JD, Pauly M, Scheller HV, Ronald PC. XAX1 from glycosyltransferase family 61 mediates xylosyltransfer to rice xylan. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:17117-22. [PMID: 23027943 PMCID: PMC3479505 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1202079109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylan is the second most abundant polysaccharide on Earth and represents an immense quantity of stored energy for biofuel production. Despite its importance, most of the enzymes that synthesize xylan have yet to be identified. Xylans have a backbone of β-1,4-linked xylose residues with substitutions that include α-(1→2)-linked glucuronosyl, 4-O-methyl glucuronosyl, and α-1,2- and α-1,3-arabinofuranosyl residues. The substitutions are structurally diverse and vary by taxonomy, with grass xylan representing a unique composition distinct from dicots and other monocots. To date, no enzyme has yet been identified that is specific to grass xylan synthesis. We identified a xylose-deficient loss-of-function rice mutant in Os02g22380, a putative glycosyltransferase in a grass-specific subfamily of family GT61. We designate the mutant xax1 for xylosyl arabinosyl substitution of xylan 1. Enzymatic fingerprinting of xylan showed the specific absence in the mutant of a peak, which was isolated and determined by (1)H-NMR to be (β-1,4-Xyl)(4) with a β-Xylp-(1→2)-α-Araf-(1→3). Rice xax1 mutant plants are deficient in ferulic and coumaric acid, aromatic compounds known to be attached to arabinosyl residues in xylan substituted with xylosyl residues. The xax1 mutant plants exhibit an increased extractability of xylan and increased saccharification, probably reflecting a lower degree of diferulic cross-links. Activity assays with microsomes isolated from tobacco plants transiently expressing XAX1 demonstrated xylosyltransferase activity onto endogenous acceptors. Our results provide insight into grass xylan synthesis and how substitutions may be modified for increased saccharification for biofuel generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Chiniquy
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608
| | | | - Alex Schultink
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology
- Energy Biosciences Institute, and
| | - Edward E. Baidoo
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | | | - Kun Cheng
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology
- Energy Biosciences Institute, and
| | | | - Peter Ulvskov
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; and
| | - Jesper Harholt
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; and
| | - Jay D. Keasling
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Markus Pauly
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology
- Energy Biosciences Institute, and
| | - Henrik V. Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Pamela C. Ronald
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608
- Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ebringerová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Bajpai P. Microbial xylanolytic enzyme system: properties and applications. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1997; 43:141-94. [PMID: 9097414 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Bajpai
- Chemical Engineering Division, Thapar Corporate Research and Development Centre, Patiala, India
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Wimalasiri K, Kumar N. A water-soluble polysaccharide from the leaves of Litsea gardneri (Lauraceae). Carbohydr Polym 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0144-8617(95)98829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Annison G, Choct M, Cheetham N. Analysis of wheat arabinoxylans from a large-scale isolation. Carbohydr Polym 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0144-8617(92)90155-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Izydorczyk MS, Biliaderis CG. Influence of structure on the physicochemical properties of wheat arabinoxylan. Carbohydr Polym 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0144-8617(92)90010-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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de Pinto GL. Carbon-13 n.m.r.-spectral study of Acacia xanthophloea gum and its degradation products. Carbohydr Res 1991; 220:229-42. [PMID: 1811858 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(91)80021-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G L de Pinto
- Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Humanidades y Educación, Maracaibo, Venezuela
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Bock K, Duus JO, Norman B, Pedersen S. Assignment of structures to oligosaccharides produced by enzymic degradation of a beta-D-glucan from barley by 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. Carbohydr Res 1991; 211:219-33. [PMID: 1663001 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(91)80093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The structures of one tri-(1), two tetra-(2 and 3), and one hexa-saccharide (4) produced by treatment of barley flour, after removal of the starch components, with a fungal beta-D-glucanase (Finizyme) have been assigned on the basis of 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. data as follows: beta-D-Glcp-(1----3)-beta-D-Glcp-(1----4)-D-Glcp (1), beta-D-Glcp-(1----4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1----3)-beta-D-Glcp-(1----4)-D-Glcp (2), beta-D-Glcp-(1----3)-beta-D-Glcp-(1----4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1----4)-D-Glcp (3), and beta-D-Xylp-(1----4)-[alpha-L-Araf-(1----3)]-[alpha-L-Ara f-(1----2)-beta-D-Xylp-(1----4)-beta-D-Xylp- (1----4)-D-Xylp (4).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bock
- Department of Chemistry, Carlsberg Laboratory, Gl. Carlsberg Vej 10. Valby, Denmark
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