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Przybylski C, Bonnet V, Vivès RR. A microscale double labelling of GAG oligosaccharides compatible with enzymatic treatment and mass spectrometry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4182-4185. [PMID: 30892311 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00254e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel double labelling of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) oligosaccharides by thia-Michael addition and deuterium incorporation at the non-reducing and reducing ends, respectively, was introduced. This was demonstrated to be both compatible with the heparin microgram scale and amenable for mass spectrometry analysis, without impairing enzymatic activities such as heparinase I and sulfatase HSulf-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Przybylski
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
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Rejšek J, Vrkoslav V, Vaikkinen A, Haapala M, Kauppila TJ, Kostiainen R, Cvačka J. Thin-Layer Chromatography/Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry of Lipids. Anal Chem 2016; 88:12279-12286. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rejšek
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo
nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Vrkoslav
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo
nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Anu Vaikkinen
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Haapala
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina J. Kauppila
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Risto Kostiainen
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Josef Cvačka
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo
nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Zhang Z, Xiao Z, Linhardt RJ. Thin Layer Chromatography for the Separation and Analysis of Acidic Carbohydrates. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070902956402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Zhang
- a Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York, USA
| | - Zhongping Xiao
- a Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York, USA
- b Institute of Marine Drug and Food, Ocean University of China , Qingdao, China
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- a Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York, USA
- c Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York, USA
- d Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York, USA
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Gemma E, Meyer O, Uhrín D, Hulme AN. Enabling methodology for the end functionalisation of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2008; 4:481-95. [DOI: 10.1039/b801666f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Itoh T, Hashimoto W, Mikami B, Murata K. Crystal Structure of Unsaturated Glucuronyl Hydrolase Complexed with Substrate. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:29807-16. [PMID: 16893885 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m604975200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase (UGL), which is a member of glycoside hydrolase family GH-88, is a bacterial enzyme that degrades mammalian glycosaminoglycans and bacterial biofilms. The enzyme, which acts on unsaturated oligosaccharides with an alpha-glycoside bond produced by microbial polysaccharide lyases responsible for bacterial invasion of host cells, was believed to release 4-deoxy-l-threo-5-hexosulose-uronate (unsaturated glucuronic acid, or DeltaGlcA) and saccharide with a new nonreducing terminus by hydrolyzing the glycosidic bond. We detail the crystal structures of wild-type inactive mutant UGL of Bacillus sp. GL1 and its complex with a substrate (unsaturated chondroitin disaccharide), identify active site residues, and postulate a reaction mechanism catalyzed by UGL that triggers the hydration of the vinyl ether group in DeltaGlcA, based on the structural analysis of the enzyme-substrate complex and biochemical analysis. The proposed catalytic mechanism of UGL is a novel case among known glycosidases. Under the proposed mechanism, Asp-149 acts as a general acid and base catalyst to protonate the DeltaGlcA C4 atom and to deprotonate the water molecule. The deprotonated water molecule attacks the DeltaGlcA C5 atom to yield unstable hemiketal; this is followed by spontaneous conversion to an aldehyde (4-deoxy-l-threo-5-hexosulose-uronate) and saccharide through hemiacetal formation and cleavage of the glycosidic bond. UGL is the first clarified alpha(6)/alpha(6)-barrel enzyme using aspartic acid as the general acid/base catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Itoh
- Division of Applied Life Sciences and Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Fernández C, Hattan CM, Kerns RJ. Semi-synthetic heparin derivatives: chemical modifications of heparin beyond chain length, sulfate substitution pattern and N-sulfo/N-acetyl groups. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:1253-65. [PMID: 16712822 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2006] [Revised: 04/04/2006] [Accepted: 04/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The glycosaminoglycan heparin is a polyanionic polysaccharide most recognized for its anticoagulant activity. Heparin binds to cationic regions in hundreds of prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins, termed heparin-binding proteins. The endogenous ligand for many of these heparin-binding proteins is a structurally similar glycosaminoglycan, heparan sulfate (HS). Chemical and biosynthetic modifications of heparin and HS have been employed to discern specific sequences and charge-substitution patterns required for these polysaccharides to bind specific proteins, with the goal of understanding structural requirements for protein binding well enough to elucidate the function of the saccharide-protein interactions and/or to develop new or improved heparin-based pharmaceuticals. The most common modifications to heparin structure have been alteration of sulfate substitution patterns, carboxyl reduction, replacement N-sulfo groups with N-acetyl groups, and chain fragmentation. However, an accumulation of reports over the past 50 years describe semi-synthetic heparin derivatives obtained by incorporating aliphatic, aryl, and heteroaryl moieties into the heparin structure. A primary goal in many of these reports has been to identify heparin-derived structures as new or improved heparin-based therapeutics. Presented here is a perspective on the introduction of non-anionic structural motifs into heparin structure, with a focus on such modifications as a strategy to generate novel reduced-charge heparin-based bind-and-block antagonists of HS-protein interactions. The chemical methods employed to synthesize such derivatives, as well as other unique heparin conjugates, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fernández
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Abstract
Glycosylation is a common post-translational modification to cell surface and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins as well as to lipids. As a result, cells carry a dense coat of carbohydrates on their surfaces that mediates a wide variety of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions that are crucial to development and function. Because of the historical difficulties with the analysis of complex carbohydrate structures, a detailed understanding of their roles in biology has been slow to develop. Just as mass spectrometry has proven to be the core technology behind proteomics, it stands to play a similar role in the study of functional implications of carbohydrate expression, known as glycomics. This review summarizes the state of knowledge for the mass spectrometric analysis of oligosaccharides with regard to neutral, sialylated, and sulfated compound classes. Mass spectrometric techniques for the ionization and fragmentation of oligosaccharides are discussed so as to give the reader the background to make informed decisions to solve structure-activity relations in glycomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Zaia
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany St., R-806, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
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Leteux C, Chai W, Nagai K, Herbert CG, Lawson AM, Feizi T. 10E4 antigen of Scrapie lesions contains an unusual nonsulfated heparan motif. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:12539-45. [PMID: 11278655 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m010291200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbohydrate antigen on heparan sulfate recognized by monoclonal antibody 10E4 is uniquely codistributed with the abnormal prion protein, PrP(Sc), even in the earliest detectable brain lesions of scrapie-infected mice. Determining the chemical structure of 10E4 antigen is, therefore, an important aspect of structure elucidation of scrapie lesions, and a prerequisite for designing experiments to understand its role in scrapie pathogenesis. Toward this aim, we have examined preparations of heparan sulfate, with differing sulfate contents, for binding by 10E4 antibody. The highest antigenicity was observed in a preparation (HS-1) with the lowest sulfate content. HS-1 was partially depolymerized with heparin lyase III, and oligosaccharide fragments examined for 10E4 antigen expression by the neoglycolipid technology. An antigen-positive and two antigen-negative tetrasaccharides were isolated and examined by electrospray mass spectrometry. The antigen-positive tetrasaccharide sequence on heparan sulfate was thus deduced to contain a unique unsulfated motif that includes an N-unsubstituted glucosamine in the sequence, UA-GlcN-UA-GlcNAc. Antibody binding experiments with neoglycolipids prepared from a series of heparin/heparan sulfate disaccharides, and the trisaccharide derived from the antigen-positive tetrasaccharide after removal of the terminal hexuronic acid, show that both the penultimate glucosamine and the outer nonsulfated hexuronic acid are important for 10E4 antigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Leteux
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College School of Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom
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Lubineau A, Bonnaffé D. Access to Molecular Diversity in Glycosaminoglycans: Combinatorial Synthesis of Eight Chondroitin Sulfate Disaccharides. European J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(199910)1999:10<2523::aid-ejoc2523>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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