1
|
Chiu CH, Tan JJY, Mondal S, Lin CH, Mong KKT. Sulfoglycolipids and Related Analogues of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Chemical Synthesis and Immunological Studies. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300399. [PMID: 37788979 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes tuberculosis as one major threat to human health, which has been deteriorated owing to the emerging multidrug resistance. Mtb contains a complex lipophilic cell wall structure that is important for bacterial persistence. Among the lipid components, sulfoglycolipids (SGLs), known to induce immune cell responses, are composed of a trehalose core attached with a conserved sulfate group and 1-4 fatty acyl chains in an asymmetric pattern. At least one of these acyl chains is polymethylated with 3-12 methyl branches. Although Mtb SGL can be isolated from bacterial culture, resulting SGL is still a homologous mixture, impeding accurate research studies. This up-to-date review covers the chemical synthesis and immunological studies of Mtb SGLs and structural analogues, with an emphasis on the development of new glycosylation methods and the asymmetric synthesis of polymethylated scaffolds. Both are critical to advance further research on biological functions of these complicated SGLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsin Chiu
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, University Road, Hsinchu City, 30010, Taiwan (China
| | - Janet Jia-Yin Tan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, 11529, Taiwan (China
| | - Soumik Mondal
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, University Road, Hsinchu City, 30010, Taiwan (China
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, 11529, Taiwan (China
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan (China
| | - Kwok-Kong Tony Mong
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, University Road, Hsinchu City, 30010, Taiwan (China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Deepa, Singh S. Recent Development of Recoverable MacMillan Catalyst in Asymmetric Organic Transformations. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa
- Department of Chemistry North Campus University of Delhi Delhi India- 110007
| | - Surendra Singh
- Department of Chemistry North Campus University of Delhi Delhi India- 110007
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Chemical synthesis of trehalose glycolipids such as DAT, TDM, SL-1, SL-3, and Ac2SGL from MTb, emmyguyacins from fungi, succinoyl trehalose from rhodococcus, and maradolipids from worms, as well as mycobacterial oligosaccharides is reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Jana
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai
- India
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Porta R, Benaglia M, Puglisi A, Mandoli A, Gualandi A, Cozzi PG. A catalytic reactor for the organocatalyzed enantioselective continuous flow alkylation of aldehydes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:3534-3540. [PMID: 25336345 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201402610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of immobilized metal-free catalysts offers the unique possibility to develop sustainable processes in flow mode. The challenging intermolecular organocatalyzed enantioselective alkylation of aldehydes was performed for the first time under continuous flow conditions. By using a packed-bed reactor filled with readily available supported enantiopure imidazolidinone, different aldehydes were treated with three distinct cationic electrophiles. In the organocatalyzed α-alkylation of aldehydes with 1,3-benzodithiolylium tetrafluoroborate, excellent enantioselectivities, in some cases even better than those obtained in the flask process (up to 95% ee at 25 °C), and high productivity (more than 3800 h(-1) ) were obtained, which thus shows that a catalytic reactor may continuously produce enantiomerically enriched compounds. Treatment of the alkylated products with Raney-nickel furnished enantiomerically enriched α-methyl derivatives, key intermediates for active pharmaceutical ingredients and natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Porta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano (Italy)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sarpe VA, Kulkarni SS. Expeditious synthesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis sulfolipids SL-1 and Ac2SGL analogues. Org Lett 2014; 16:5732-5. [PMID: 25322198 DOI: 10.1021/ol5027987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
M. tuberculosis sulfoglycolipids SL-1 and Ac2SGL are highly immunogenic and potential vaccine candidates. A short and efficient methodology is reported for the synthesis of SL-1 and Ac2SGL analogues via regioselective functionalization of α,α-D-trehalose employing a highly regioselective late stage sulfation, as a key step. The SL-1 analogues 3a and 4 were obtained in 10 and 9 steps in 13.4% and 23.9% overall yields, respectively. The Ac2SGL analogue 5 was synthesized in 5 steps in 18.4% yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram A Sarpe
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
|
8
|
Synthesis of hydrophobic N-acylated isonicotinic acid hydrazide derivatives as potential enoyl–acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
9
|
Naveenkumar HS, Sadikun A, Ibrahim P, Goh JH, Fun HK. N'-[(3-Methyl-2-thien-yl)carbon-yl]isonicotinohydrazide. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o2235-6. [PMID: 21577634 PMCID: PMC2969908 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809033030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C(12)H(11)N(3)O(2)S, the pyridine ring is inclined to the thio-phene ring, forming a dihedral angle of 34.96 (7)°. The mean plane through the hydrazide unit forms dihedral angles of 21.57 (8) and 53.08 (8)°, respectively, with the pyridine and thio-phene rings. The two O atoms are twisted away from each other, as indicated by the C-N-N-C torsion angle of -81.27 (15)°. In the crystal structure, mol-ecules are linked into an extended three-dimensional network by inter-molecular N-H⋯N, N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The crystal structure also features a short S⋯O [3.2686 (10) Å] inter-action and a weak inter-molecular C-H⋯π inter-action.
Collapse
|
10
|
Naveenkumar HS, Sadikun A, Ibrahim P, Yeap CS, Fun HK. N'-(Cyclo-hexyl-carbon-yl)isonicotino-hydrazide. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o1912. [PMID: 21583599 PMCID: PMC2977321 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809027469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C13H17N3O2, the mean plane of the cyclohexane ring forms a dihedral angle of 33.12 (5)° with the pyridine ring. The two O atoms are twisted away from each other, as indicated by the C—N—N—C torsion angle of −74.97 (9)°. In the crystal structure, molecules are linked into a three-dimensional network by intermolecular N—H⋯N, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The structure is also stabilized by C—H⋯π interactions.
Collapse
|
11
|
Guiard J, Collmann A, Gilleron M, Mori L, De Libero G, Prandi J, Puzo G. Synthesis of diacylated trehalose sulfates: candidates for a tuberculosis vaccine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:9734-8. [PMID: 18980166 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200803835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Guiard
- Département des Mécanismes Moléculaires des Infections, Mycobactériennes, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale du CNRS, UMR 5089, Université de Toulouse III, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guiard J, Collmann A, Gilleron M, Mori L, De Libero G, Prandi J, Puzo G. Synthesis of Diacylated Trehalose Sulfates: Candidates for a Tuberculosis Vaccine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200803835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
13
|
Leigh CD, Bertozzi CR. Synthetic studies toward Mycobacterium tuberculosis sulfolipid-I. J Org Chem 2008; 73:1008-17. [PMID: 18173284 DOI: 10.1021/jo702032c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sulfolipid-I (SL-I) is an abundant metabolite found in the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is comprised of a trehalose 2-sulfate core modified with four fatty acyl substituents. The correlation of its abundance with the virulence of clinical isolates suggests a role for SL-I in pathogenesis, although its biological functions remain unknown. Here we describe the synthesis of a SL-I analogue bearing unnatural lipid substituents. A key feature of the synthesis was application of an intramolecular aglycon delivery reaction to join two differentially protected glucose monomers, one prepared with a novel alpha-selective glycosylation. The route developed for the model compound can be readily extended to the synthesis of native SL-I as well as additional analogues for use in the investigation of SL-I's functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clifton D Leigh
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sacco E, Legendre V, Laval F, Zerbib D, Montrozier H, Eynard N, Guilhot C, Daffé M, Quémard A. Rv3389C from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a member of the (R)-specific hydratase/dehydratase family. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2007; 1774:303-11. [PMID: 17240207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2006.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2006] [Revised: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The (R)-specific 3-hydroxyacyl dehydratases/trans-enoyl hydratases are key proteins in the biosynthesis of fatty acids. In mycobacteria, such enzymes remain unknown, although they are involved in the biosynthesis of major and essential lipids like mycolic acids. First bioinformatic analyses allowed to identify a single candidate protein, namely Rv3389c, that belongs to the hydratases 2 family and is most likely made of a distinctive asymmetric double hot dog fold. The purified recombinant Rv3389c protein was shown to efficiently catalyze the hydration of (C(8)-C(16)) enoyl-CoA substrates. Furthermore, it catalyzed the dehydration of a 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA in coupled reactions with both reductases (MabA and InhA) of the acyl carrier protein (ACP)-dependent M. tuberculosis fatty acid synthase type II involved in mycolic acid biosynthesis. Yet, the facts that Rv3389c activity decreased in the presence of ACP, versus CoA, derivative and that Rv3389c knockout mutant had no visible variation of its fatty acid content suggested the occurrence of additional hydratase/dehydratase candidates. Accordingly, further and detailed bioinformatic analyses led to the identification of other members of the hydratases 2 family in M. tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Sacco
- Département des Mécanismes Moléculaires des Infections Mycobactériennes, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Coxon GD, Al Dulayymi JR, Morehouse C, Brennan PJ, Besra GS, Baird MS, Minnikin DE. Synthesis and properties of methyl 5-(1'R,2'S)-(2-octadecylcycloprop-1-yl)pentanoate and other omega-19 chiral cyclopropane fatty acids and esters related to mycobacterial mycolic acids. Chem Phys Lipids 2004; 127:35-46. [PMID: 14706739 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2003.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A 23-26-carbon chain length range of omega-19 (1'R,2'S) cyclopropane fatty acids, related to mycobacterial mycolic acids, has been prepared. The key cyclopropyl intermediate, (1'R,2'S)-(Z)-1-formyl-2-octadecylcyclopropane, underwent Wittig chemistry with various reagents to provide vinylic precursors, which were selectively reduced to the corresponding saturated omega-19 cyclopropane fatty acids or esters. The 24-carbon omega-19 cyclopropane ester was made by chain elongation of the 23-carbon ester. Saturated and unsaturated chiral cyclopropane acids and esters were assayed, using wall extracts of Mycobacterium smegmatis; the incorporation of 14C-acetate was used to measure inhibition or stimulation of mycolic acid synthesis. Minor inhibition (2-3%) was shown by the 23- and 24-carbon saturated esters; all the other compounds were stimulants. The most effective (38-55%) stimulators of mycolate synthesis were the unsaturated esters with 23- and 26-carbons and the saturated and unsaturated 25-carbon acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey D Coxon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Coxon GD, Douglas JD, Minnikin DE. Facile synthesis of (Z)-tetracos-5-enoic acid and racemic cis-4-(2-octadecylcyclopropane-1-yl)-butanoic acid. Chem Phys Lipids 2004; 126:49-53. [PMID: 14580710 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-3084(03)00092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
(Z)-tetracos-5-enoic acid and racemic cis-4-(2-octadecylcyclopropane-1-yl)-butanoic acid have been prepared from 1-eicosene by a new facile route. Periodic acid cleavage of the epoxide of 1-eicosene gave nonadecanal which was condensed with 4-carboxybutyltriphenylphosphonium bromide to give predominately (Z)-tetracos-5-enoic acid. Simmons-Smith type cyclopropanation of (Z)-tetracos-5-enoic acid gave a minor proportion of racemic cis-4-(2-octadecylcyclopropane-1-yl)-butanoic acid accompanied by major amounts of its methyl ester.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey D Coxon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mohamad S, Ibrahim P, Sadikun A. Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to isoniazid and its derivative, 1-isonicotinyl-2-nonanoyl hydrazine: investigation at cellular level. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2004; 84:56-62. [PMID: 14670346 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2003.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to isoniazid (INH) was compared with its derivative, 1-isonicotinyl-2-nonanoyl hydrazine (INH-C9), prepared synthetically. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the drugs was determined using the 1% proportion method. INH-C9 was found to lower the MIC of INH from 0.05 to 0.025 microg/ml. Further studies on the effects of INH and INH-C9 on M. tuberculosis were assessed by exposing the cells to the above at the MIC level. M. tuberculosis cells grown on Middlebrook 7H10 agar were harvested at different stages of their growth cycle (initial stage, 24 and 72 h), exposed to the MICs of INH and INH-C9, and stained with acid-fast staining. The observations were made for a week. The cellular morphologies and staining characteristics were examined using a Brightfield microscope. The result indicated cells only at the initial stage of growth were most susceptible to the drugs resulting in the loss of acid-fastness and intact cellular morphology in the majority of cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suriyati Mohamad
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Barry CE, Lee RE, Mdluli K, Sampson AE, Schroeder BG, Slayden RA, Yuan Y. Mycolic acids: structure, biosynthesis and physiological functions. Prog Lipid Res 1998; 37:143-79. [PMID: 9829124 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7827(98)00008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jie MSFLK, Pasha MK, Syed-Rahmatullah MSK. Fatty acids, fatty acid analogues and their derivatives. Nat Prod Rep 1997. [DOI: 10.1039/np9971400163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
20
|
Wheeler PR, Anderson PM. Determination of the primary target for isoniazid in mycobacterial mycolic acid biosynthesis with Mycobacterium aurum A+. Biochem J 1996; 318 ( Pt 2):451-7. [PMID: 8809032 PMCID: PMC1217642 DOI: 10.1042/bj3180451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The target of the potent antituberculosis drug isoniazid was investigated in Mycobacterium aurum A+, against which isoniazid has an MIC (the minimum concentration required to give growth inhibition) of 0.3 microgram/ml. Mycolic acid biosynthesis, measured by the incorporation of label from [1-14C]acetate into mycolic acids, was inhibited differentially by isoniazid in cell-wall preparations of M. aurum A+. Thus at an isoniazid concentration of 1 microgram/ml, mycolic acid biosynthesis was inhibited by 80% but concomitant biosynthesis of non-hydroxylated fatty acids was inhibited by only 15%. Three lines of evidence identified 24:1 cis-5 elongase as the primary isoniazid target. First, 24:1 cis-5 did not restore isoniazid-inhibited mycolic acid biosynthetic activity in a crude cell-wall preparation, suggesting that the drug acts after the formation of the delta-5 double bond. Secondly, a 24:1 cis-5 elongase assay in which the product is mycolic acid is completely inhibited by isoniazid. Finally, the only intermediates that accumulate as a result of the addition of isoniazid are acids of 24 carbons. Both 24:0 and 24:1 are observed in a similar ratio whether or not isoniazid is present, even though concomitant mycolic acid biosynthesis is inhibited by isoniazid. These results are consistent with studies of the M. tuberculosis InhA protein by Dessen, Quemard, Blanchard, Jacobs and Sacchettini [(1995) Science 267, 1638-1641].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P R Wheeler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, U.K
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hartmann S, Besra GS, Fraser JL, König WA, Minnikin DE, Ridell M. Stereochemistry of 2,4-dimethyleicos-2-enoate from the pyruvylated glycolipid of Mycobacterium smegmatis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1201:339-44. [PMID: 7803462 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(94)90060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The absolute stereochemistry of 2,4-dimethyleicos-2-enoic acid, isolated from the pyruvylated glycolipid of Mycobacterium smegmatis, has been determined. The two enantiomers of methyl 2,4-dimethyleicos-2-enoate were synthesised for the first time but could not be separated by gas chromatography on cyclodextrin phases. (E)-2-Methyloctadec-2-enoate, an intermediate in the synthesis, is a characteristic component of acyl trehalose glycolipids from Mycobacterium fortuitum. Ozonolysis of the fatty acid ester mixture, obtained from the pyruvylated glycolipid produced 2-methyloctadecanoate. It was identified as the (S)-enantiomer by comparison with (2R) and (2S)-2-methyloctadecanoic acid, intermediates in the synthesis of (4R)- and (4S)-2,4,-dimethyleicos-2-enoic acid, using enantioselective gas chromatography of the methyl esters with heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl-3-O-pentyl)-beta-cyclodextrin as a chiral stationary phase. The natural acid was therefore determined to be 2E-(4S)-2,4-dimethyleicos-2-enoic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Hartmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hartmann S, Minnikin DE, Römming HJ, Baird MS, Ratledge C, Wheeler PR. Synthesis of methyl 3-(2-octadecylcyclopropen-1-yl)propanoate and methyl 3-(2-octadecylcyclopropen-1-yl)pentanoate and cyclopropane fatty acids as possible inhibitors of mycolic acid biosynthesis. Chem Phys Lipids 1994; 71:99-108. [PMID: 8039261 DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(94)02315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
(Z)-Tetracos-5-enoic acid is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of myocobacterial mycolic acids. Recently the methyl ester of its cyclopropene analogue, methyl 4-(2-octadecylcyclopropen-1- yl)butanoate, was shown to act as an inhibitor of mycolic acid biosynthesis. The related analogues methyl 5-(2-octadecylcyclopropen-1-yl)pentanoate and methyl 3-(2-octadecylcyclopropen-1-yl)propanoate have been synthesized, as well as the related cyclopropane esters methyl (Z)-4-(2-octadecylcyclopropan-1-yl)butanoate and methyl (Z)-5-(2-octadecylcyclopropan-1-yl)pentanoate. The synthesis of methyl 3-(2-octadecylcyclopropen-1-yl)propanoate involved protection of the cyclopropene ring by iodination to allow oxidation of an alcohol to a carboxylic acid; the diiodocyclopropane was deprotected by a new mild procedure using activated zinc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Hartmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Besra GS, Minnikin DE, Simpson MJ, Baird MS, Wheeler PR, Ratledge C. The synthesis of methyl 4-(2-octadecylcyclopropen-l-yl)butanoate: a possible inhibitor in mycolic acid biosynthesis. Chem Phys Lipids 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(93)90028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|