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Griffiths CM, Franckevičius V. The Catalytic Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Acyclic Enolates for the Construction of Quaternary and Tetrasubstituted Stereogenic Centres. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304289. [PMID: 38284328 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
To facilitate the discovery and development of new pharmaceuticals, the demand for novel stereofunctionalised building blocks has never been greater. Whilst molecules bearing quaternary and tetrasubstituted stereogenic centres are ideally suited to explore untapped areas of chemical space, the asymmetric construction ofsterically congested carbon centres remains a longstanding challenge in organic synthesis. The enantioselective assembly of acyclic stereogenic centres is even more demanding due to the need to restrict a much wider range of geometries and conformations of the intermediates involved. In this context, the catalytic asymmetric allylicalkylation (AAA) of acyclic prochiral nucleophiles, namely enolates, has become an indispensable tool to access a range of linearα-quaternary andα-tetrasubstituted carbonyl compounds. However, unlike the AAA of cyclic enolates with a fixed enolate geometry, to achieve high levels of stereocontrol in the AAA of acyclic enolates, the stereoselectivity of enolisation must be considered. The aim of this review is to offer acomprehensivediscussion of catalytic AAA reactions of acyclic prochiral enolates and their analogues to generate congested quaternary and tetrasubstituted chiral centres using metal, non-metal and dual catalysis, with particular focus given to the control of enolate geometry and its impact on the stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
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2
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Kweon B, Blank L, Soika J, Messara A, Daniliuc CG, Gilmour R. Regio- and Stereo-Selective Isomerization of Borylated 1,3-Dienes Enabled by Selective Energy Transfer Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202404233. [PMID: 38545942 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Configurationally-defined dienes are pervasive across the bioactive natural product spectrum, where they typically manifest themselves as sorbic acid-based fragments. These C5 motifs reflect the biosynthesis algorithms that facilitate their construction. To complement established biosynthetic paradigms, a chemical platform to facilitate the construction of stereochemically defined, functionalizable dienes by light-enabled isomerization has been devised. Enabled by selective energy transfer catalysis, a variety of substituted β-boryl sorbic acid derivatives can be isomerized in a regio- and stereo-selective manner (up to 97 : 3). Directionality is guided by a stabilizing nO→pB interaction in the product: this constitutes a formal anti-hydroboration of the starting alkyne. This operationally simple reaction employs low catalyst loadings (1 mol %) and is complete in 1 h. X-ray analysis supports the hypothesis that the nO→pB interaction leads to chromophore bifurcation: this provides a structural foundation for selective energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongseok Kweon
- University of Münster, Institute for Organic Chemistry, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lukas Blank
- University of Münster, Institute for Organic Chemistry, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Julia Soika
- University of Münster, Institute for Organic Chemistry, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Amélia Messara
- University of Münster, Institute for Organic Chemistry, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- University of Münster, Institute for Organic Chemistry, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- University of Münster, Institute for Organic Chemistry, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
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3
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Jiao M, Long J, Chen J, Yang H, Wang T, Fang X. Nickel-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Migratory Hydrocyanation of Internal Alkenes: Expanding the Scope to α,ω-Diaryl Internal Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202402390. [PMID: 38523071 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Metal-hydride-catalyzed migratory functionalization of alkenes witnessed extensive development in the past few years. However, the asymmetric version of this reaction has remained largely underdeveloped owing to the difficulty in simultaneous control of both regio- and stereoselectivity. In addition, exploring the wider alkene substrate scope to enable more synthetically valuable applications represents another challenge in this field. In this context, a nickel-catalyzed asymmetric hydrocyanation of internal alkenes involving a chain-walking process is demonstrated. The reaction exhibits excellent regio- and enantioselectivity, proceeds under mild reaction conditions, and delivers benzylic nitriles in high yields. Even α,ω-diaryl internal alkenes, which are known to be one of the most challenging substrates of this type, could be successfully converted to the desired products with good regio- and stereoselectivity by modifying the electronic and steric effects. Theoretical calculations suggest that the η3-benzyl coordination mode and the aryl substituent (3,5-(OMe)2C6H3) on the diphosphite ligand are both key factors in regulating regio- and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdong Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jinguo Long
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Jianxi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Xianjie Fang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
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4
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Pawar RB, Karmur MH, Punji B. Ligand-free MnBr 2-Catalyzed Chemo- and Stereoselective Hydroboration of Terminal Alkynes. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400158. [PMID: 38512720 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Developing simple and benign protocols for synthesizing alkenylboronates is crucial as they are synthetically valuable compounds in various organic transformations. In this work, we report a straightforward ligand-free protocol for synthesizing alkenylboronates via atom-economical hydroboration of alkynes with HBpin catalyzed by a manganese salt. The reaction shows a high level of chemo and regioselectivity for the terminal alkynes and exclusively produces E-selective alkenylboronates. The hydroboration scope is vast, with the resilience of a range of synthetically beneficial functionalities, such as halides, ether, alkenyl, silyl and thiophenyl groups. This reaction proceeds through the involvement of a metal-hydride intermediate. The developed alkenylboronate can be smoothly converted to useful C-C, C-N and C-I bond-forming reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameshwar B Pawar
- Organometallic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India Ph
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - Mital H Karmur
- Organometallic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India Ph
| | - Benudhar Punji
- Organometallic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India Ph
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
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Rubel CZ, Ravn AK, Ho HC, Yang S, Li ZQ, Engle KM, Vantourout JC. Stereodivergent, Kinetically Controlled Isomerization of Terminal Alkenes via Nickel Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202320081. [PMID: 38494945 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Because internal alkenes are more challenging synthetic targets than terminal alkenes, metal-catalyzed olefin mono-transposition (i.e., positional isomerization) approaches have emerged to afford valuable E- or Z- internal alkenes from their complementary terminal alkene feedstocks. However, the applicability of these methods has been hampered by lack of generality, commercial availability of precatalysts, and scalability. Here, we report a nickel-catalyzed platform for the stereodivergent E/Z-selective synthesis of internal alkenes at room temperature. Commercial reagents enable this one-carbon transposition of terminal alkenes to valuable E- or Z-internal alkenes via a Ni-H-mediated insertion/elimination mechanism. Though the mechanistic regime is the same in both systems, the underlying pathways that lead to each of the active catalysts are distinct, with the Z-selective catalyst forming from comproportionation of an oxidative addition complex followed by oxidative addition with substrate and the E-selective catalyst forming from protonation of the metal by the trialkylphosphonium salt additive. In each case, ligand sterics and denticity control stereochemistry and prevent over-isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Z Rubel
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICMBS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne K Ravn
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hang Chi Ho
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shenghua Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zi-Qi Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Keary M Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Julien C Vantourout
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICMBS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffauserstrasse, 4332, Stein, Switzerland
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Möhler JS, Pickl M, Reiter T, Simić S, Rackl JW, Kroutil W, Wennemers H. Peptide and Enzyme Catalysts Work in Concert in Stereoselective Cascade Reactions-Oxidation followed by Conjugate Addition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319457. [PMID: 38235524 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Enzymes and peptide catalysts consist of the same building blocks but require vastly different environments to operate best. Herein, we show that an enzyme and a peptide catalyst can work together in a single reaction vessel to catalyze a two-step cascade reaction with high chemo- and stereoselectivity. Abundant linear alcohols, nitroolefins, an alcohol oxidase, and a tripeptide catalyst provided chiral γ-nitroaldehydes in aqueous buffer. High yields (up to 92 %) and stereoselectivities (up to 98 % ee) were achieved for the cascade through the rational design of the peptide catalyst and the identification of common reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper S Möhler
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Pickl
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Tamara Reiter
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Simić
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jonas W Rackl
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth-, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Helma Wennemers
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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7
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Bedini A, Elisi GM, Fanini F, Retini M, Scalvini L, Pasquini S, Contri C, Varani K, Spadoni G, Mor M, Vincenzi F, Rivara S. Binding and unbinding of potent melatonin receptor ligands: Mechanistic simulations and experimental evidence. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12941. [PMID: 38606814 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The labeled ligand commonly employed in competition binding studies for melatonin receptor ligands, 2-[125I]iodomelatonin, showed slow dissociation with different half-lives at the two receptor subtypes. This may affect the operational measures of affinity constants, which at short incubation times could not be obtained in equilibrium conditions, and structure-activity relationships, as the Ki values of tested ligands could depend on either interaction at the binding site or the dissociation path. To address these issues, the kinetic and saturation binding parameters of 2-[125I]iodomelatonin as well as the competition constants for a series of representative ligands were measured at a short (2 h) and a long (20 h) incubation time. Concurrently, we simulated by molecular modeling the dissociation path of 2-iodomelatonin from MT1 and MT2 receptors and investigated the role of interactions at the binding site on the stereoselectivity observed for the enantiomers of the subtype-selective ligand UCM1014. We found that equilibrium conditions for 2-[125I]iodomelatonin binding can be reached only with long incubation times, particularly for the MT2 receptor subtype, for which a time of 20 h approximates this condition. On the other hand, measured Ki values for a set of ligands including agonists, antagonists, nonselective, and subtype-selective compounds were not significantly affected by the length of incubation, suggesting that structure-activity relationships based on data collected at shorter time reflect different interactions at the binding site. Molecular modeling simulations evidenced that the slower dissociation of 2-iodomelatonin from the MT2 receptor can be related to the restricted mobility of a gatekeeper tyrosine along a lipophilic path from the binding site to the membrane bilayer. The enantiomers of the potent, MT2-selective agonist UCM1014 were separately synthesized and tested. Molecular dynamics simulations of the receptor-ligand complexes provided an explanation for their stereoselectivity as due to the preference shown by the eutomer at the binding site for the most abundant axial conformation adopted by the ligand in solution. These results suggest that, despite the slow-binding kinetics occurring for the labeled ligand, affinity measures at shorter incubation times give robust results consistent with known structure-activity relationships and with interactions taken at the receptor binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalida Bedini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Elisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabiola Fanini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Michele Retini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Laura Scalvini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Pasquini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Contri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gilberto Spadoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
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8
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Meng Q, Moinuddin SGA, Celoy RM, Smith CA, Young RP, Costa MA, Freeman RA, Fukaya M, Kim DN, Cort JR, Hawes MC, van Etten HD, Pandey P, Chittiboyina AG, Ferreira D, Davin LB, Lewis NG. Dirigent isoflavene-forming PsPTS2: 3D structure, stereochemical, and kinetic characterization comparison with pterocarpan-forming PsPTS1 homolog in pea. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105647. [PMID: 38219818 PMCID: PMC10882141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pea phytoalexins (-)-maackiain and (+)-pisatin have opposite C6a/C11a configurations, but biosynthetically how this occurs is unknown. Pea dirigent-protein (DP) PsPTS2 generates 7,2'-dihydroxy-4',5'-methylenedioxyisoflav-3-ene (DMDIF), and stereoselectivity toward four possible 7,2'-dihydroxy-4',5'-methylenedioxyisoflavan-4-ol (DMDI) stereoisomers was investigated. Stereoisomer configurations were determined using NMR spectroscopy, electronic circular dichroism, and molecular orbital analyses. PsPTS2 efficiently converted cis-(3R,4R)-DMDI into DMDIF 20-fold faster than the trans-(3R,4S)-isomer. The 4R-configured substrate's near β-axial OH orientation significantly enhanced its leaving group abilities in generating A-ring mono-quinone methide (QM), whereas 4S-isomer's α-equatorial-OH was a poorer leaving group. Docking simulations indicated that the 4R-configured β-axial OH was closest to Asp51, whereas 4S-isomer's α-equatorial OH was further away. Neither cis-(3S,4S)- nor trans-(3S,4R)-DMDIs were substrates, even with the former having C3/C4 stereochemistry as in (+)-pisatin. PsPTS2 used cis-(3R,4R)-7,2'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavan-4-ol [cis-(3R,4R)-DMI] and C3/C4 stereoisomers to give 2',7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflav-3-ene (DMIF). DP homologs may exist in licorice (Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora) and tree legume Bolusanthus speciosus, as DMIF occurs in both species. PsPTS1 utilized cis-(3R,4R)-DMDI to give (-)-maackiain 2200-fold more efficiently than with cis-(3R,4R)-DMI to give (-)-medicarpin. PsPTS1 also slowly converted trans-(3S,4R)-DMDI into (+)-maackiain, reflecting the better 4R configured OH leaving group. PsPTS2 and PsPTS1 provisionally provide the means to enable differing C6a and C11a configurations in (+)-pisatin and (-)-maackiain, via identical DP-engendered mono-QM bound intermediate generation, which PsPTS2 either re-aromatizes to give DMDIF or PsPTS1 intramolecularly cyclizes to afford (-)-maackiain. Substrate docking simulations using PsPTS2 and PsPTS1 indicate cis-(3R,4R)-DMDI binds in the anti-configuration in PsPTS2 to afford DMDIF, and the syn-configuration in PsPTS1 to give maackiain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Meng
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Syed G A Moinuddin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Rhodesia M Celoy
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Clyde A Smith
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Robert P Young
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Michael A Costa
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Rachel A Freeman
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Masashi Fukaya
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Doo Nam Kim
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - John R Cort
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA; Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Martha C Hawes
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Hans D van Etten
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Pankaj Pandey
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Daneel Ferreira
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA; Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Laurence B Davin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Norman G Lewis
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.
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9
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Boutiddar R, Abbiche K, Mellaoui MD, Imjjad A, Alahiane M, Ait Albrimi Y, Marakchi K, Mogren Al-Mogren M, El Hammadi A, Hochlaf M. Insights into the mechanism of [3+2] cycloaddition reactions between N-benzyl fluoro nitrone and maleimides, its selectivity and solvent effects. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:284-299. [PMID: 37795767 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical study of the [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions of N-benzyl fluoro nitrone with a series of maleimides producing isoxazolidines. We use the Molecular Electron Density Theory at the MPWB1K/6-311G(d) level. We focus on the reaction mechanism, selectivity, solvent, and temperature effects. In addition, we perform topological analyses at the minimal and transition states to identify the intermolecular interactions. Electron Localization Function approach classifies the N-benzyl fluoro nitrone as zwitterionic (zw-) three-atom components (TACs), associated with a high energy barrier. The low polar character of the reaction is evaluated using the Conceptual Density Functional Theory analysis of the reactants, confirmed by the low global electron density transfer computed at the transition states. Computations show that these 32CA reactions follow a one-step mechanism under kinetic control, with highly asynchronous bond formation and no new covalent bond is formed at the TS. Besides, the potential energy surfaces along the reaction pathways in gas phase and in solvent are mapped. The corresponding Gibbs free energy profiles reveal that the exo-cycloadducts are kinetically and thermodynamically more favored than endo-cycloadducts, in agreement with the exo-selectivity observed experimentally. In particular, we found that solvent and temperature did not affect this selectivity and mainly influence the activation energies and the exothermic character of these 32CA reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Boutiddar
- Analysis, Modeling, Engineering, Natural Substances and Environment Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Taroudant, Morocco
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie, Modélisation Moléculaire, Matériaux, Nanomatériaux, Eau et Environnement, LS3MN2E/CERNE2D, Faculté des Sciences Rabat, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khalid Abbiche
- Analysis, Modeling, Engineering, Natural Substances and Environment Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Taroudant, Morocco
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie, Modélisation Moléculaire, Matériaux, Nanomatériaux, Eau et Environnement, LS3MN2E/CERNE2D, Faculté des Sciences Rabat, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
- Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Moulay Driss Mellaoui
- Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Imjjad
- Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Alahiane
- Faculty of Sciences, Chemical Department, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Youssef Ait Albrimi
- Faculty of Sciences, Chemical Department, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Khadija Marakchi
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie, Modélisation Moléculaire, Matériaux, Nanomatériaux, Eau et Environnement, LS3MN2E/CERNE2D, Faculté des Sciences Rabat, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Abdellatif El Hammadi
- Analysis, Modeling, Engineering, Natural Substances and Environment Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Taroudant, Morocco
| | - Majdi Hochlaf
- Université Gustave Eiffel, COSYS/IMSE, Champs sur Marne, France
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10
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López M, Huelgas G, Sánchez M, Armenta A, Mendoza A, Lozada-Ramírez JD, Anaya de Parrodi C. Use of Novel Homochiral Thioureas Camphor Derived as Asymmetric Organocatalysts in the Stereoselective Formation of Glycosidic Bonds. Molecules 2024; 29:811. [PMID: 38398563 PMCID: PMC10893146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We synthesized six new camphor-derived homochiral thioureas 1-6, from commercially available (1R)-(-)-camphorquinone. These new compounds 1-6 were evaluated as asymmetric organocatalysts in the stereoselective formation of glycosidic bonds, with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranosyl and 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-D-galactopyranosyl trichloroacetimidates as donors, and several alcohols as glycosyl acceptors, such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-octanol, iso-propanol, tert-butanol, cyclohexanol, phenol, 1-naphtol, and 2-naphtol. Optimization of the asymmetric glycosylation reaction was achieved by modifying reaction conditions such as solvent, additive, loading of catalyst, temperature, and time of reaction. The best result was obtained with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-D-galactopyranosyl trichloroacetimidates, using 15 mol% of organocatalyst 1, in the presence of 2 equiv of MeOH in solvent-free conditions at room temperature for 1.5 h, affording the glycosidic compound in a 99% yield and 1:73 α:β stereoselectivity; under the same reaction conditions, without using a catalyst, the obtained stereoselectivity was 1:35 α:β. Computational calculations prior to the formation of the products were modeled, using density functional theory, M06-2X/6-31G(d,p) and M06-2X/6-311++G(2d,2p) methods. We observed that the preference for β glycoside formation, through a stereoselective inverted substitution, relies on steric effects and the formation of hydrogen bonds between thiourea 1 and methanol in the complex formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mildred López
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Puebla 72810, Mexico; (M.L.); (G.H.); (J.D.L.-R.)
| | - Gabriela Huelgas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Puebla 72810, Mexico; (M.L.); (G.H.); (J.D.L.-R.)
| | - Mario Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C., Alianza Norte 202, PIIT, Apodaca 66628, Mexico; (M.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Adalid Armenta
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C., Alianza Norte 202, PIIT, Apodaca 66628, Mexico; (M.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Angel Mendoza
- Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico;
| | - José Daniel Lozada-Ramírez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Puebla 72810, Mexico; (M.L.); (G.H.); (J.D.L.-R.)
| | - Cecilia Anaya de Parrodi
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Puebla 72810, Mexico; (M.L.); (G.H.); (J.D.L.-R.)
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11
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Chu XH, Gao N, Wang W, Zheng Z, Wang JJ. One-pot domino syntheses of 3-alkyl-3- N-substituted aminobenzofuran-2(3 H)-ones based on alkali-promoted Michael addition and lactonization. R Soc Open Sci 2024; 11:231510. [PMID: 38356868 PMCID: PMC10864781 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel cascade reaction of caesium carbonate-promoted Michael addition and lactonization for the one-pot synthesis of 3-alkyl-3-N-substituted aminobenzofuran-2(3H)-one derivatives has been established based on the screening of the alkaline reagents and optimization of reaction conditions, in which the N-substituted (ortho-hydroxy)aryl glycine esters were used as the Michael donors to react with different α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. In the case of using the asymmetric starting material, the epimers could be successfully separated by conventional chromatography. In addition, plausible mechanisms were suggested and the absolute configuration of the epimer was analysed. All the chemical structures of unreported benzofuran-2(3H)-one derivatives were characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, IR and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Chu
- College of Food & Biological Engineering, Yantai institute of Technology, 100 Gangcheng East Street, Laishan District, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Special Medical Food, Industrial Research Institute of Special Food, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Gao
- College of Food & Biological Engineering, Yantai institute of Technology, 100 Gangcheng East Street, Laishan District, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Special Medical Food, Industrial Research Institute of Special Food, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- College of Food & Biological Engineering, Yantai institute of Technology, 100 Gangcheng East Street, Laishan District, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Special Medical Food, Industrial Research Institute of Special Food, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China
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12
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Dong S, Xuan J, Feng Y, Cui Q. Deciphering the stereo-specific catalytic mechanisms of cis-epoxysuccinate hydrolases producing L(+)-tartaric acid. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105635. [PMID: 38199576 PMCID: PMC10869282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial epoxide hydrolases, cis-epoxysuccinate hydrolases (CESHs), have been utilized for commercial production of enantiomerically pure L(+)- and D(-)-tartaric acids for decades. However, the stereo-catalytic mechanism of CESH producing L(+)-tartaric acid (CESH[L]) remains unclear. Herein, the crystal structures of two CESH[L]s in ligand-free, product-complexed, and catalytic intermediate forms were determined. These structures revealed the unique specific binding mode for the mirror-symmetric substrate, an active catalytic triad consisting of Asp-His-Glu, and an arginine providing a proton to the oxirane oxygen to facilitate the epoxide ring-opening reaction, which has been pursued for decades. These results provide the structural basis for the rational engineering of these industrial biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsong Xuan
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yingang Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Qiu Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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13
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Orlova AV, Malysheva NN, Panova MV, Podvalnyy NM, Medvedev MG, Kononov LO. Comparison of glycosyl donors: a supramer approach. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:181-192. [PMID: 38318458 PMCID: PMC10840533 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of new methods for chemical glycosylation commonly includes comparison of various glycosyl donors. An attempted comparison of chemical properties of two sialic acid-based thioglycoside glycosyl donors, differing only in the substituent at O-9 (trifluoroacetyl vs chloroacetyl), at different concentrations (0.05 and 0.15 mol·L-1) led to mutually excluding conclusions concerning their relative reactivity and selectivity, which prevented us from revealing a possible influence of remote protective groups at O-9 on glycosylation outcome. According to the results of the supramer analysis of the reaction solutions, this issue might be related to the formation of supramers of glycosyl donors differing in structure hence chemical properties. These results seem to imply that comparison of chemical properties of different glycosyl donors may not be as simple and straightforward as it is usually considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Orlova
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nelly N Malysheva
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria V Panova
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikita M Podvalnyy
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Michael G Medvedev
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid O Kononov
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
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14
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Grillo A, Rusconi Y, D’Alterio MC, De Rosa C, Talarico G, Poater A. Ring Opening Polymerization of Six- and Eight-Membered Racemic Cyclic Esters for Biodegradable Materials. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1647. [PMID: 38338928 PMCID: PMC10855523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The low percentage of recyclability of the polymeric materials obtained by olefin transition metal (TM) polymerization catalysis has increased the interest in their substitution with more eco-friendly materials with reliable physical and mechanical properties. Among the variety of known biodegradable polymers, linear aliphatic polyesters produced by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters occupy a prominent position. The polymer properties are highly dependent on the macromolecule microstructure, and the control of stereoselectivity is necessary for providing materials with precise and finely tuned properties. In this review, we aim to outline the main synthetic routes, the physical properties and also the applications of three commercially available biodegradable materials: Polylactic acid (PLA), Poly(Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid) (PLGA), and Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB), all of three easily accessible via ROP. In this framework, understanding the origin of enantioselectivity and the factors that determine it is then crucial for the development of materials with suitable thermal and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Grillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.G.); (Y.R.); (M.C.D.); (C.D.R.); (G.T.)
| | - Yolanda Rusconi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.G.); (Y.R.); (M.C.D.); (C.D.R.); (G.T.)
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Massimo Christian D’Alterio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.G.); (Y.R.); (M.C.D.); (C.D.R.); (G.T.)
| | - Claudio De Rosa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.G.); (Y.R.); (M.C.D.); (C.D.R.); (G.T.)
| | - Giovanni Talarico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.G.); (Y.R.); (M.C.D.); (C.D.R.); (G.T.)
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
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15
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Zeng C, Zhang H, Zhu D, Yu B. Convergent Synthesis of the Nonreducing Hexasaccharide Fragment and the Dodecasaccharide Scaffold of Marine Lipopolysaccharide Axinelloside A. Chemistry 2024:e202400075. [PMID: 38258281 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
A convergent synthesis of the dodecasaccharide scaffold of axinelloside A was achieved through Au(I)-catalyzed [6+6] glycosylation. The initially devised [3+1+2] assembly of the nonreducing hexasaccharide fragment was low-yielding, whereas a convergent [3+3] glycosylation under Au(I) catalysis was proven feasible, allowing for a semi-gram scale preparation of the wanted hexasaccharide. The requisite 1,2-cis glycosidic bonds were forged in a highly stereoselective fashion by virtue of remote acetyl group participation, and judicious manipulation of protecting groups. The synthetic dodecasaccharide has been properly protected for the downstream elaboration toward its natural form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology S, hanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haoliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology S, hanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dapeng Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology S, hanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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16
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Xu Y, Liu D, Gao F, Li S, Zhang X, Wang L, Yang D. Harnessing Dpp-Imine as a Powerful Achiral Cocatalyst to Dramatically Increase the Efficiency and Stereoselectivity in a Magnesium-Mediated Oxa-Michael Reaction. JACS Au 2024; 4:164-176. [PMID: 38274262 PMCID: PMC10806778 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Dpp-imines are classic model substrates for synthetic method studies. Here, we disclose their powerful use as achiral coligands in metal-catalyzed reactions. It is highly interesting to find that the Dpp-imine can not only act as powerful ligand to create excellent chiral pockets with magnesium complexes but also, more importantly, this coligand can dramatically enhance the catalytic ability of the metal catalyst. The underlying reaction mechanism was extensively explored by conducting a series of experiments, including 31P NMR studies of the coordination complex between the Dpp-imine coligand and magnesium complexes, ESI capture results, multiple control experiments, studies and comparison of different coligands, 1H NMR studies on the relationship between the substrate and Dpp-imine coligand, as well as the relationship between the substrate and the full complexes. Furthermore, DFT calculation provided valuable insights in the role of the imine additive and demonstrated that adding the Dpp-imine coligand in the magnesium catalyst can switch the deprotonation/nucleophilic addition steps from a stepwise mechanism to a concerted process during the oxa-cyclization reaction. The crucial factors responsible for the excellent enantioselectivity and enhanced reaction efficiency brought by Dpp-imine have been extracted from the calculation model. These mechanistic experiments and DFT calculation data clearly disclose and prove the powerful and interesting functions of the Dpp-imine coligand, which also direct a novel application of this type of active imine as useful ligands in metal-catalyzed asymmetric reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfan Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Institute
of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen
Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Feiyun Gao
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Shixin Li
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Institute
of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen
Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Linqing Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Dongxu Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, P. R. China
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17
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Wang YX, Cai XY, Liu JM, Han YT, Sui SY, Chen DW, Xie KB, Chen RD, Dai JG. Exploring the catalytic diversity of two short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases from Stachybotrys chartarum. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2024; 26:102-111. [PMID: 38126332 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2023.2288291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductases (SDRs) belong to the NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductase superfamily, which have various functions of catalyzing oxidation/reduction reactions and have been generally used as powerful biocatalysts in the production of pharmaceuticals. In this study, ScSDR1 and ScSDR2, two new SDRs have been identified and characterized from Stachybotrys chartarum 3.5365. Substrate scope investigation revealed that both of the enzymes possessed the ability to oxidize β-OH to ketone specifically, and exhibited substrate promiscuity and high stereo-selectivity for efficiently catalyzing the structurally different prochiral ketones to chiral alcohols. These findings not only suggest that ScSDR1 and ScSDR2 might be potent synthetic tools in drug research and development, but also provide good examples for further engineered enzymes with higher efficiency and stereo-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xin-Yu Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ji-Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yao-Tian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Song-Yang Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Da-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ke-Bo Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ri-Dao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jun-Gui Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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18
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Ma S, Xin H, Zhao P, Feng S, Chen J, Yin S, Wei Y, Shi Y, Jin G, Di X, Zhang H. Comprehensive Stereoselectivity Assessment of Toxicokinetics, Tissue Distribution, Cytotoxicity, and Environmental Fate of Chiral Pesticide Propiconazole. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:19760-19771. [PMID: 38036940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Propiconazole (PRO) has been widely used in the treatment of fungal infection in fruits, vegetables, cereals, and seeds. In this study, a newly established chiral liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was applied to the systemic stereoselectivity evaluation of PRO enantiomers, including toxicokinetics, tissue distributions, cytotoxicity, accumulation, and degradation. Our results showed that both trans (+)-2S,4S-PRO and cis (-)-2S,4R-PRO had lower Cmax and AUC0-∞ and higher CLz/F values in plasma and lower accumulation concentrations in the liver, heart, and brain. In cytotoxic assays, cis (-)-2S,4R-PRO exhibited the lowest cytotoxicity in PC12 neuronal, N9 microglia, SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma, and MRC5 lung fibroblast cell lines. Moreover, the Eisenia fetida incubation experiment revealed that the accumulations of both trans (+)-2S,4S-PRO and cis (-)-2S,4R-PRO were higher than those of their antipodes in E. fetida. In summary, our findings first suggested that the application of cis (-)-2S,4R-PRO for agriculture would hugely reduce the environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siman Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hao Xin
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261031, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwen Feng
- School of Veterinary and Agriculture Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jialin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shiliang Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Yanan Wei
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yitong Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ge Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Xin Di
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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19
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Di W, Wang X, Ge M, Cang T, Wang Z, Qi P, Liu Z, Zhao H, Ding W, Di S. Stereoselective, Diastereoselective Dissipation and Risk Assessment of Chiral Metconazole in Soybean, Peanut, Cabbage, Celery, Tomato, and Soil. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:18709-18721. [PMID: 38009539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective behaviors and dietary risks of metconazole (MZE) in soil and five vegetables were investigated. The results showed that there was species-specific stereoselective and diastereoselective dissipation, and the half-lives ranged from 0.69 to 8.17 days. cis-(+)-1S,5R-MZE was preferentially dissipated in soybean pods, cabbages, celeries, and tomatoes, which was contrary to soybean plants and soil. trans-(+)-1R,5R-MZE was preferentially dissipated in peanut plants, peanut shells, celeries, and tomatoes, while trans-(-)-1S,5S-MZE was preferentially dissipated in soybean plants. cis-MZE was preferentially dissipated in the test vegetables and soil, except celery. The stereoisomeric excess changes were higher than 10%, indicating that the stereoselectivity and diastereoselectivity should be considered in the risk assessment of MZE in soybean plants, pods, and peanut plants. The acute and chronic dietary intake risks of rac-MZE for different groups of people were acceptable. The preferentially dissipated and high activity cis-(+)-1S,5R-MZE with lower toxicity might be suitable for application as monocase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Di
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Mengyuan Ge
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Tao Cang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Huiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ding
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Di
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
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20
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Gebauer L, Jensen O, Rafehi M, Brockmöller J. Stereoselective Inhibition of High- and Low-Affinity Organic Cation Transporters. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:6289-6300. [PMID: 37962560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Many drugs have chiral centers and are therapeutically applied as racemates. Thus, the stereoselectivity in their interactions with membrane transporters needs to be addressed. Here, we studied stereoselectivity in inhibiting organic cation transporters (OCTs) 1, 2, and 3 and the high-affinity monoamine transporters (MATs) NET and SERT. Selectivity by the inhibition of 35 pairs of enantiomers significantly varied among the three closely related OCTs. OCT1 inhibition was nonselective in almost all cases, whereas OCT2 was stereoselectively inhibited by 45% of the analyzed drugs. However, the stereoselectivity of the OCT2 was only moderate with the highest selectivity observed for pramipexole. The (R)-enantiomer inhibited OCT2 4-fold more than the (S)-enantiomer. OCT3 showed the greatest stereoselectivity in its inhibition. (R)-Tolterodine and (S)-zolmitriptan inhibited OCT3 11-fold and 25-fold more than their respective counterparts. Interestingly, in most cases, the pharmacodynamically active enantiomer was also the stronger OCT inhibitor. In addition, stereoselectivity in the OCT inhibition appeared not to depend on the transported substrate. For high-affinity MATs, our data confirmed the stereoselective inhibition of NET and SERT by several antidepressants. However, the stereoselectivity measured here was generally lower than that reported in the literature. Unexpectedly, the high-affinity MATs were not significantly more stereoselectively inhibited than the polyspecific OCTs. Combining our in vitro OCT inhibition data with available stereoselective pharmacokinetic analyses revealed different risks of drug-drug interactions, especially at OCT2. For the tricyclic antidepressant doxepine, only the (E)-isomer showed an increased risk of drug-drug interactions according to guidelines from regulatory authorities for renal transporters. However, most chiral drugs show only minor stereoselectivity in the inhibition of OCTs in vitro, which is unlikely to translate into clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Gebauer
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ole Jensen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Muhammad Rafehi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Brockmöller
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
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21
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Wei MM, Ma YF, Zhang GL, Li Q, Xiong DC, Ye XS. Urea-catalyzed N-Glycosylation of Amides/Azacycles with Glycosyl Halides. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300791. [PMID: 37843982 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The efficient synthesis of N-glycosides via direct N-glycosylation of amides/azacycles has been reported. The glycosylation of amides/azacycles with glycosyl halides in the presence of a catalytic amount of urea proceeded smoothly to provide the corresponding N-glycosylated amides or nucleosides in good to excellent yields with 1,2-trans-stereoselectivity. Moreover, by the addition of terpyridine, the 1,2-cis-stereoselectivity was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Man Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No.38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yu-Feng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No.38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Gao-Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No.38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No.38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - De-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No.38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No.38, Beijing, 100191, China
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22
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Dai C, Cao HX, Tian JX, Gao YC, Liu HT, Xu SY, Wang YJ, Zheng YG. Structural-guided design to improve the catalytic performance of aldo-keto reductase KdAKR. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3543-3556. [PMID: 37641876 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are important biocatalysts that can be used to synthesize chiral pharmaceutical alcohols. In this study, the catalytic activity and stereoselectivity of a NADPH-dependent AKR from Kluyveromyces dobzhanskii (KdAKR) toward t-butyl 6-chloro (5S)-hydroxy-3-oxohexanoate ((5S)-CHOH) were improved by mutating its residues in the loop regions around the substrate-binding pocket. And the thermostability of KdAKR was improved by a consensus sequence method targeted on the flexible regions. The best mutant M6 (Y28A/L58I/I63L/G223P/Y296W/W297H) exhibited a 67-fold higher catalytic efficiency compared to the wild-type (WT) KdAKR, and improved R-selectivity toward (5S)-CHOH (dep value from 47.6% to >99.5%). Moreover, M6 exhibited a 6.3-fold increase in half-life (t1/2 ) at 40°C compared to WT. Under the optimal conditions, M6 completely converted 200 g/L (5S)-CHOH to diastereomeric pure t-butyl 6-chloro-(3R, 5S)-dihydroxyhexanoate ((3R, 5S)-CDHH) within 8.0 h, with a space-time yield of 300.7 g/L/day. Our results deepen the understandings of the structure-function relationship of AKRs, providing a certain guidance for the modification of other AKRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Xing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Chi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen-Yuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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23
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Mondal S, Midya SP, Das S, Mondal S, Islam ASM, Ghosh P. Pd-Catalyzed Tandem Pathway for Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)-1,3-Enyne from β-Nitroalkenes by Using a Sacrificial Directing Group. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301637. [PMID: 37551730 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of nitroalkenes instead of minimal one alkyne motif for (E)-1,3-enynes synthesis through a palladium catalyzed stereoselective bond forming pathway at room temperature is presented. Implication of nitro group as a sacrificial directing group, formation of magical alkyne on a newly developed Csp 3 -Csp 3 bond with initial palladium-MBH adduct make this methodology distinctive. This protocol features an unprecedented sequential acetate addition, carbon-carbon bond formation, isomerization of double bond and nitromethane degradation in a tandem catalytic walk via dancing hybridization. Mechanistic understanding through identification of intermediates and computational calculations furnishes complete insight into the tandem catalytic pathway. Broad substrates scope and functional groups tolerance make this synthetic methodology magnificent and dynamic. This represents the first example of stereoselective 1,3-enyne synthesis exclusively from alkene substrates by introducing the concept of sacrificial directing group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subal Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Siba P Midya
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Suman Das
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Soumya Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Abu S M Islam
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
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24
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Wang F, Li X, Jiang S, Han J, Wu J, Yan M, Yao Z. Enantioselective Behaviors of Chiral Pesticides and Enantiomeric Signatures in Foods and the Environment. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:12372-12389. [PMID: 37565661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Unreasonable application of pesticides may result in residues in the environment and foods. Chiral pesticides consist of two or more enantiomers, which may exhibit different behaviors. This Review intends to provide progress on the enantioselective residues of chiral pesticides in foods. Among the main chiral analytical methods, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the most frequently utilized. Most chiral pesticides are utilized as racemates; however, due to enantioselective dissipation, bioaccumulation, biodegradation, and chiral conversion, enantiospecific residues have been found in the environment and foods. Some chiral pesticides exhibit strong enantioselectivity, highlighting the importance of evaluation on an enantiomeric level. However, the occurrence characteristics of chiral pesticides in foods and specific enzymes or transport proteins involved in enantioselectivity needs to be further investigated. This Review could help the production of some chiral pesticides to single-enantiomer formulations, thereby reducing pesticide consumption as well as increasing food production and finally reducing human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shanxue Jiang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiajun Han
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junxue Wu
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Meilin Yan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhiliang Yao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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25
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Huang X, Sun Y, Osawa Y, Chen YE, Zhang H. Computational redesign of cytochrome P450 CYP102A1 for highly stereoselective omeprazole hydroxylation by UniDesign. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105050. [PMID: 37451479 PMCID: PMC10413352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 CYP102A1 is a prototypic biocatalyst that has great potential in chemical synthesis, drug discovery, and biotechnology. CYP102A1 variants engineered by directed evolution and/or rational design are capable of catalyzing the oxidation of a wide range of organic compounds. However, it is difficult to foresee the outcome of engineering CYP102A1 for a compound of interest. Here, we introduce UniDesign as a computational framework for enzyme design and engineering. We tested UniDesign by redesigning CYP102A1 for stereoselective metabolism of omeprazole (OMP), a proton pump inhibitor, starting from an active but nonstereoselective triple mutant (TM: A82F/F87V/L188Q). To shift stereoselectivity toward (R)-OMP, we computationally scanned three active site positions (75, 264, and 328) for mutations that would stabilize the binding of the transition state of (R)-OMP while destabilizing that of (S)-OMP and picked three variants, namely UD1 (TM/L75I), UD2 (TM/A264G), and UD3 (TM/A328V), for experimentation, based on computed energy scores and models. UD1, UD2, and UD3 exhibit high turnover rates of 55 ± 4.7, 84 ± 4.8, and 79 ± 5.7 min-1, respectively, for (R)-OMP hydroxylation, whereas the corresponding rates for (S)-OMP are only 2.2 ± 0.19, 6.0 ± 0.68, and 14 ± 2.8 min-1, yielding an enantiomeric excess value of 92, 87, and 70%, respectively. These results suggest the critical roles of L75I, A264G, and A328V in steering OMP in the optimal orientation for stereoselective oxidation and demonstrate the utility of UniDesign for engineering CYP102A1 to produce drug metabolites of interest. The results are discussed in the context of protein structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Yudong Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yoichi Osawa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Haoming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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26
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Spandana T, Goli VV, Gurupadayya B. In vitro study and pharmacokinetic evaluation of sitagliptin phosphate enantiomers in rat plasma. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:1033-1047. [PMID: 37431826 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A chiral HPLC technique was developed to determine sitagliptin phosphate enantiomers in rat plasma in compliance with US FDA regulations. Methods & results: The technique used a Phenomenex column with a mobile phase consisting of a 60:35:5 (v/v/v) blend of pH4, 10-mM ammonium acetate buffer, methanol and 0.1% formic acid in Millipore water. The precision for both (R) and (S) sitagliptin phosphate varied between 0.246 and 1.246%, while the accuracy was 99.6-100.1%. A glucose uptake assay was used to assess enantiomers in 3T3-L1 cell lines through flow cytometry. Conclusion: Investigation of the pharmacokinetic impacts of sitagliptin phosphate racemic enantiomers in rat plasma revealed notable contrasts in R and S enantiomers in female albino Wistar rats, suggesting enantioselectivity for sitagliptin phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatineni Spandana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, 570015, India
| | - Veera Vn Goli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, 570015, India
| | - Bannimath Gurupadayya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, 570015, India
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27
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Zhu X, Valbon W, Qiu M, Hu CT, Yang J, Erriah B, Jankowska M, Dong K, Ward MD, Kahr B. Insecticidal and Repellent Properties of Rapid-Acting Fluorine-Containing Compounds against Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1396-1407. [PMID: 37311068 PMCID: PMC10353007 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of safe and potent insecticides remains an integral part of a multifaceted strategy to effectively control human-disease-transmitting insect vectors. Incorporating fluorine can dramatically alter the physiochemical properties and bioavailability of insecticides. For example, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)ethane (DFDT)─a difluoro congener of trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT)─was demonstrated previously to be 10-fold less toxic to mosquitoes than DDT in terms of LD50 values, but it exhibited a 4-fold faster knockdown. Described herein is the discovery of fluorine-containing 1-aryl-2,2,2-trichloro-ethan-1-ols (FTEs, for fluorophenyl-trichloromethyl-ethanols). FTEs, particularly per-fluorophenyl-trichloromethyl-ethanol (PFTE), exhibited rapid knockdown not only against Drosophila melanogaster but also against susceptible and resistant Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, major vectors of Dengue, Zika, yellow fever, and Chikungunya viruses. The R enantiomer of any chiral FTE, synthesized enantioselectively, exhibited faster knockdown than its corresponding S enantiomer. PFTE does not prolong the opening of mosquito sodium channels that are characteristic of the action of DDT and pyrethroid insecticides. In addition, pyrethroid/DDT-resistant Ae. aegypti strains having enhanced P450-mediated detoxification and/or carrying sodium channel mutations that confer knockdown resistance were not cross-resistant to PFTE. These results indicate a mechanism of PFTE insecticidal action distinct from that of pyrethroids or DDT. Furthermore, PFTE elicited spatial repellency at concentrations as low as 10 ppm in a hand-in-cage assay. PFTE and MFTE were found to possess low mammalian toxicity. These results suggest the substantial potential of FTEs as a new class of compounds for controlling insect vectors, including pyrethroid/DDT-resistant mosquitoes. Further investigations of FTE insecticidal and repellency mechanisms could provide important insights into how incorporation of fluorine influences the rapid lethality and mosquito sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003 USA
| | - Wilson Valbon
- Department
of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708 USA
| | - Mengdi Qiu
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003 USA
| | - Chunhua T. Hu
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003 USA
| | - Jingxiang Yang
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003 USA
| | - Bryan Erriah
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003 USA
| | - Milena Jankowska
- Department
of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708 USA
- Department
of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Nicolaus
Copernicus University, Lwowska 1 Street, Toruń 87-100, Poland
| | - Ke Dong
- Department
of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708 USA
| | - Michael D. Ward
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003 USA
| | - Bart Kahr
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003 USA
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Biswas A. Aromatic C-H bond functionalization through organocatalyzed asymmetric intermolecular aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction: a recent update. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:956-981. [PMID: 37404800 PMCID: PMC10315893 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction allows an efficient coupling of electron-rich aromatic systems with imines for the facile incorporation of aminoalkyl groups into the aromatic ring. This reaction has a great scope of forming aza-stereocenters which can be tuned by different asymmetric catalysts. This review assembles recent advances in asymmetric aza-Friedel-Crafts reactions mediated by organocatalysts. The mechanistic interpretation with the origin of stereoselectivity is also explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Hooghly Women’s College, Vivekananda Road, Pipulpati, Hooghly - 712103, WB, India
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29
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Spandana T, Goli VVN, Rahamathulla M, Talath S, Osmani RAM, Ahmed MM, Farhana SA, Hussain SM, Gurupadayya B. Implications of Pharmacokinetic Potentials of Pioglitazone Enantiomers in Rat Plasma Mediated through Glucose Uptake Assay. Molecules 2023; 28:4911. [PMID: 37446573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma activator used to diagnose hyperglycemia, was studied for its stereoselective deposition and active enantiomers in female albino Wistar rats. In accordance with USFDA recommendations, a bioanalytical technique was employed to assess the segregation of pioglitazone enantiomers in rat plasma with glimepiride as an internal standard. A Phenomenox i-Amylose-3 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm) of 5 µm was used for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a mobile phase of 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer in Millipore water and acetonitrile in 60:40 (v/v) admixture with column temperature 35 °C, wavelength 265 nm, and flow rate 0.6 mL/min, respectively. Pioglitazone-S, Pioglitazone-R, and the internal standard had retention times of 3.1, 7.4, and 1.7 min, respectively. The study found that within-run and between-run precision ranged from 0.1606-0.9889% for Pioglitazone-R and from 0.2080-0.7919% for Pioglitazone-S, while the accuracy ranged from 99.86 to 100.36% for Pioglitazone-R and 99.84 to 99.94% for Pioglitazone-S. In addition, a non-radioactive glucose uptake assay was employed to examine the enantiomers in 3T3-L1 cell lines by flow cytometry. Significant differences were demonstrated in Cmax, AUClast (h*μg/mL), AUCINF obs (h*μg/mL), and AUC%Extrap obs (%) of Pioglitazone-R and S in female albino Wistar rats, suggesting enantioselectivity of pioglitazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatineni Spandana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, India
| | | | - Mohamed Rahamathulla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sirajunisa Talath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah 11172, United Arab Emirates
| | - Riyaz Ali M Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University, Mysuru 570006, India
| | - Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syeda Ayesha Farhana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shalam Mohamed Hussain
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Rayyan Medical College, Madinah 20012, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bannimath Gurupadayya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, India
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Chauhan D, Chopra HK, Nayak SK. Reaction Optimization of Strontium Perchlorate Catalyzed Novel Protocol for Stereoselective Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones. Curr Org Synth 2023; 21:COS-EPUB-130949. [PMID: 37861008 DOI: 10.2174/1570179420666230416171921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrated strontium perchlorate [Sr(ClO4)2.3H2O] acts as a very strong oxidizing and dehydrating agent. Until now, it could not be reported as a catalyst in dehydration mechanism-based organic synthetic reactions. Therefore, it is important to find whether it could be an effective catalyst for one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs). OBJECTIVE The main objective of the present work is the development of a novel process for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyrimidinones through the one-pot multicomponent strategy using hydrated Sr(ClO4)2 as a catalyst. Furthermore, it includes process optimization, stereoselectivity, and spectroscopic characterization of the synthesized compounds. METHODS Conventional and microwave-supported synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyrimidinones using 20 mol % of hydrated Sr(ClO4)2 catalyst via the one-pot solvent-free reaction was discovered as a new catalytic MCR methodology. The box-Behnken design approach and advanced analytical techniques were used for process optimization and reaction analysis. RESULTS The results confirmed that hydrated Sr(ClO4)2; works as an efficient catalyst for one-pot multicomponent organic synthesis under both conventional and microwave heating. It is an effective catalyst for laboratory synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyrimidinones stereoselectively with moderate to excellent yield without any undesirable effect. Microwave heating provided the desired product within 1-4 minutes. Moreover, this method provides easy isolation of the pure products simply by recrystallization, and without the use of a chromatographic purification method. CONCLUSION The simplicity and neutrality of reaction conditions, easy post-reaction workup, higher satisfactory to excellent yield, effectiveness, the diversity of substrates, etc. render the hydrated Sr(ClO4)2 catalyst-based protocol for the stereoselective synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyrimidinones as a highly efficient method. Furthermore, it has been found to be safe un-der laboratory reaction conditions and no undesirable issues have been faced during the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Harish Kumar Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology (Deemed-to-be- University), Sangrur, Punjab, 148106, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research/AIPBS, Adesh University, Bathinda, Punjab, 151009, India
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Zhang X, Zhang Z, Yu H, Che G. Regio- and Stereoselective Switchable Synthesis of ( E)- and ( Z)- N-Carbonylvinylated Pyrazoles. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114347. [PMID: 37298822 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Regio- and stereoselective switchable synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-N-carbonylvinylated pyrazoles is first developed by using the Michael addition reaction of pyrazoles and conjugated carbonyl alkynes. Ag2CO3 plays a key role in the switchable synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-N-carbonylvinylated pyrazoles. Ag2CO3-free reactions lead to thermodynamically stable (E)-N-carbonylvinylated pyrazoles in excellent yields whereas reactions with Ag2CO3 give (Z)-N-carbonylvinylated pyrazoles in good yields. It is noteworthy that (E)- or (Z)-N1-carbonylvinylated pyrazoles are obtained with high regioselectivity when asymmetrically substituted pyrazoles react with conjugated carbonyl alkynes. The method can also extend to the gram scale. A plausible mechanism is proposed on the basis of the detailed studies, wherein Ag+ acts as coordination guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng 137000, China
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng 137000, China
| | - Haifeng Yu
- College of Chemistry, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng 137000, China
| | - Guangbo Che
- College of Chemistry, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng 137000, China
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32
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Ao YF, Pei S, Xiang C, Menke MJ, Shen L, Sun C, Dörr M, Born S, Höhne M, Bornscheuer U. Structure- and Data-Driven Protein Engineering of Transaminases for Improving Activity and Stereoselectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301660. [PMID: 37022103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Amine transaminases (ATAs) are powerful biocatalysts for the stereoselective synthesis of chiral amines. Machine learning provides a promising approach for protein engineering, but activity prediction models for ATAs remain elusive due to the difficulty of obtaining high-quality training data. Thus, we first created variants of the ATA from Ruegeria sp. (3FCR) with improved catalytic activity (up to 2,000-fold) as well as reversed stereoselectivity by a structure-dependent rational design and collected a high-quality dataset in this process. Subsequently, we designed a modified one-hot code to describe steric and electronic effects of substrates and residues within ATAs. Finally, we built a gradient boosting regression tree predictor for catalytic activity and stereoselectivity, and applied this for the data-driven design of optimized variants which then showed improved activity (up to 3-fold compared to the best variants previously identified). We also demonstrated that the model can predict the catalytic activity for ATA variants of another origin by retraining with a small set of additional data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fei Ao
- University of Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, GERMANY
| | - Shuxin Pei
- Beijing Normal University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Chao Xiang
- University of Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, GERMANY
| | - Marian J Menke
- University of Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, GERMANY
| | - Lin Shen
- Beijing Normal University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Chenghai Sun
- University of Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, GERMANY
| | - Mark Dörr
- University of Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, GERMANY
| | - Stefan Born
- TU Berlin University: Technische Universitat Berlin, Bioprocess Engineering, GERMANY
| | - Matthias Höhne
- University of Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Institute of Biochemistry, GERMANY
| | - Uwe Bornscheuer
- University of Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, GERMANY
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Chen X, Zheng D, Jiang L, Wang Z, Duan X, Cui D, Liu S, Zhang Y, Yu X, Ge J, Xu J. Photoenzymatic Hydrosulfonylation for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Chiral Sulfones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218140. [PMID: 37017018 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Chiral sulfones are recurrent motifs in pharmaceuticals and bioactive molecules. Although chemical methods have been developed to afford α- or β- chiral sulfones, these protocols rely heavily on the pre-synthesis of structurally complicated starting materials and chiral metal complexes. Herein, we described a photoenzymatic approach for the radical-mediated stereoselective hydrosulfonylation. Engineered variants of ene reductases provide efficient biocatalysts for this transformation, enabling to achieve a series of β-chiral sulfonyl compounds with high yields (up to 92%) and excellent e.r. values (up to 99:1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Chen
- Jiaxing University, College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Dannan Zheng
- Zhejiang University of Technology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CHINA
| | - Linye Jiang
- Zhejiang University of Technology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CHINA
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Hangzhou Normal University, Institute of Aging Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, CHINA
| | - Xinyu Duan
- Zhejiang University of Technology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CHINA
| | - Dong Cui
- Zhejiang University of Technology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CHINA
| | - Shuang Liu
- Zhejiang University of Technology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CHINA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Jiaxing University, College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- Zhejiang University of Technology, College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Jingyan Ge
- Zhejiang University of Technology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CHINA
| | - Jian Xu
- Zhejiang University of Technology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, No. 999 Changhong East Street, 313230, Deqing, Huzhou, CHINA
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Ma Q, Cheng C, Luo D, Qiao J, Qi L. Dipeptide-Capped Copper Nanoparticles as Chiral Nanozymes for Colorimetric Enantioselective Recognition of 3,4-Dihydroxy-d,l-phenylalanine. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:1676-1682. [PMID: 37014970 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
In pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, it is imperative to identify chiral molecules. However, colorimetric sensing enantiomers relying on chiral nanozymes is still a major challenge in chirality recognition. Herein, we report a facile and simple strategy to prepare copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using d-cysteine-d-histidine (DCDH), d-cysteine-l-histidine, and l-cysteine-d-histidine as the capping agents. All of these CuNPs exhibited peroxidase-mimicking activity in 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine oxidation and presented chiral selectivity toward 3,4-dihydroxy-d,l-phenylalanine (d,l-DOPA). More importantly, DCDH-modified CuNPs (DCDH@CuNPs) showed higher peroxidase-mimicking catalytic activity in the presence of d-DOPA than l-DOPA. This demonstrates that in the stereoselective recognition CuNPs play the catalytic center role and chiral dipeptide ligands play the inducer role. The insights obtained from this study not only provide information to deeply understand the molecular principles of colorimetric chiral recognition upon CuNPs but also guide the design of dipeptide-based chiral nanozymes toward enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Dong Luo
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Juan Qiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Rochat B, Paus E, Maitre C, Baumann P. Citalopram in vitro metabolism in a Beagle dog: A role for CYP2D15 in the production of toxic didesmethylcitalopram? VET MED-CZECH 2023; 68:135-144. [PMID: 37982088 PMCID: PMC10581520 DOI: 10.17221/65/2022-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
After administration of the serotonergic antidepressant citalopram (CIT) to Beagle dogs, the dogs may experience severe convulsive attacks in relation to the considerably higher plasma concentrations of the metabolite didesmethyl-CIT (DDCIT), when compared to those in humans medicated with CIT. This pilot study aimed at determining the role of cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) isozymes in the in vitro metabolism of CIT to desmethyl-CIT (DCIT), and of DCIT to DDCIT in the liver microsomes of a single Beagle dog. Incubations with racemic CIT or DCIT reveal a high-affinity enzyme with Km between 0.3 μM and 1.4 μM for S- and R-DCIT and S- and R-DDCIT productions, respectively. In comparison to human enzymes, the intrinsic clearance values of this high-affinity enzyme are between 15 μl/(min × mg of protein) and 52 μl/(min × mg of protein), i.e., very high. In vitro experiments with inhibitors suggest that CYP2D15, which shows an analogy with human CYP2D6, is by far the main CYP450 isozyme involved in the production of DCIT and DDCIT, whereas CYP3A12 and CYP2C21/41 showed a weak implication. These observations partly explain why, in humans, the plasma concentrations of the toxic DDCIT are considerably lower than those observed in dogs, after administration of CIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Rochat
- Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Education and Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Bertrand Rochat, Erik Paus and Pierre Baumann contributed equally to this work
| | - Erik Paus
- Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Bertrand Rochat, Erik Paus and Pierre Baumann contributed equally to this work
| | - Cedric Maitre
- Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- PharmaciePlus Franches-Montagnes, Saignelégier, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Baumann
- Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Bertrand Rochat, Erik Paus and Pierre Baumann contributed equally to this work
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Erenburg N, Hamed R, Shaul C, Perucca E, Bialer M. Comparative Activity of the Enantiomers of Fenfluramine and Norfenfluramine in Rodent Seizure Models, and Relationship with their Concentrations in Plasma and Brain. Epilepsia 2023. [PMID: 36995363 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the comparative antiseizure activity of the individual enantiomers of fenfluramine and its major active primary metabolite norfenfluramine in rodent seizure models, and its relationship with the pharmacokinetics of these compounds in plasma and brain. METHODS The antiseizure potency of d,l-fenfluramine (racemic fenfluramine) was compared with the respective potencies of its individual enantiomers and the individual enantiomers of norfenfluramine using the maximal electroshock (MES) test in rats and mice, and the 6-Hz 44 mA test in mice. Minimal motor impairment was assessed simultaneously. The time course of seizure protection in rats was compared with the concentration profiles of d-fenfluramine, l-fenfluramine and their primary active metabolites in plasma and brain. RESULTS All compounds tested were active against MES-induced seizures in rats and mice after acute (single-dose) administration, but no activity against 6-Hz seizures was found even at doses up to 30 mg/kg. Estimates of median effective doses (ED50 ) in the rat-MES test were obtained for all compounds except for d-norfenfluramine, which caused dose-limiting neurotoxicity. Racemic fenfluramine had approximately the same antiseizure potency as its individual enantiomers. Both d- and l-fenfluramine were absorbed and distributed rapidly to the brain, suggesting that seizure protection at early time points (≤2 h) was mainly related to the parent compound. Concentrations of all enantiomers in brain tissue were >15-fold higher than those in plasma. SIGNIFICANCE Although there are differences in antiseizure activity and pharmacokinetics among the enantiomers of fenfluramine and norfenfluramine, all compounds tested are effective in protecting against MES-induced seizures in rodents. In the light of the evidence linking the d-enantiomers to cardiovascular and metabolic adverse effects, these data suggest that l-fenfluramine and l-norfenfluramine are potentially attractive candidates for a chiral switch approach leading to development of a novel, enantiomerically-pure antiseizure medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Erenburg
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roa'a Hamed
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chanan Shaul
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Emilio Perucca
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, and Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meir Bialer
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- David R. Bloom Center for Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Luo X, Zhang D, Zhang F, Luo Q, Huang K, Liu X, Yang N, Li J, Qiao W, Yang L. Comparative analysis and structure identification of oxidative metabolites and hydrogenation metabolite enantiomers for 2-fluorodeschloroketamine. J Anal Toxicol 2023; 47:436-447. [PMID: 36947399 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used solid-phase extraction (SPE) with liquid chromatography-ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-IT/TOF-MS) to analyze 2-fluorodeschloroketamine (2-FDCK) metabolites in human urine. The complete set of oxidative metabolites was identified, with 17 compounds divided into four groups. Furthermore, we examined the hydroxy substitution site after oxidative metabolism with theoretical calculation and 2-FDCK NMR data. We clarified the correlation of the oxidative metabolic sites with the electron cloud density in the structure. Additionally, two enantiomers of dihydro-2-fluorodeschloroketamine (dihydro-2-FDCK) were determined by a lab-made dihydro-2-FDCK hydrochloride reference substance. Their configurations were determined via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry data prediction of the ACD Labs-Structure Elucidator Suite software and theoretical calculation. Moreover, the stereoselectivity of the related enzymes in hydrogenation metabolism in vivo was clarified. These findings provide an important reference for analyzing other oxidative metabolites, laying the foundation for future analysis, prediction, elucidation, and identification of the latest ketamine-type NPS metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Fang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Qiulian Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Kejian Huang
- Institute of Forensic Science, Public Security Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 500012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Institute of Forensic Science, Public Security Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 500012, P. R. China
| | - Ning Yang
- Institute of Forensic Science, Public Security Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 500012, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Li
- Anti-drug detachment, Public Security Bureau of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi 530003, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Qiao
- Institute of Forensic Science, Public Security Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 500012, P. R. China
| | - Lan Yang
- Institute of Forensic Science, Public Security Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 500012, P. R. China
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Liu R, Lv K, Bao X. Mechanistic Insights into Enantioselective C(sp 3 )-H Acylation to Construct α-Amino Ketones via Photoredox and Ni(II) Dual Catalysis: A DFT Study. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201266. [PMID: 36852827 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of the merger of a Ni(II) catalyst with an appropriate photocatalyst under visible-light irradiation provides a new strategy for realizing direct functionalization of C(sp3 )-H bonds. Mechanistically, whether the reduction of Ni catalyst to form a Ni(0) species is necessary in the dual catalysis still remains under debate. Herein, DFT calculations were carried out to gain a mechanistic insight into the enantioselective acylation of α-amino C(sp3 )-H bonds to furnish α-amino ketones via photoredox and Ni dual catalysis. A feasible mechanistic pathway for the Ni catalysis via the Ni(I)-Ni(III)-Ni(II)-Ni(III)-Ni(I) cycle is suggested with the sequential elementary steps of oxidative addition, single electron reduction, radical addition, and reductive elimination in leading to the final product, whereas a nickel catalytic cycle, Ni(I)-Ni(0)-Ni(II)-Ni(III)-Ni(I), might not be feasible for the photoredox and Ni dual-catalyzed acylation of α-amino C(sp3 )-H bonds. The origin of the stereoselectivity for this reaction is also discussed, which could be attributed to the minimization of the steric hindrance between the alkyl moiety of radical part and phenyl group of the chiral ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Liu
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Kang Lv
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.,School of Engineering, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong 273155, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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39
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Sun Y, Dhbaibi K, Lauwick H, Lalli C, Taupier G, Molard Y, Gramage-Doria R, Dérien S, Crassous J, Achard M. Asymmetric Ruthenium Catalysis Enables Fluorophores with Point Chirality Displaying CPL Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203243. [PMID: 36367394 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A novel enantiopure π-allylruthenium(IV) precatalyst allowed the enantioselective and stereospecific allylations of indoles and gave access to indolin-3-ones, containing vicinal stereogenic centers. Facile separation of diastereoisomers exhibiting opposite circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activities in diverse solvents, including water, demonstrated the potential of these sustainable transformations and of the newly prepared molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Univ Rennes, ISCR UMR 6226 ScanMAT-UAR2025, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Kais Dhbaibi
- Univ Rennes, ISCR UMR 6226 ScanMAT-UAR2025, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Hortense Lauwick
- Univ Rennes, ISCR UMR 6226 ScanMAT-UAR2025, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Claudia Lalli
- Univ Rennes, ISCR UMR 6226 ScanMAT-UAR2025, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Gregory Taupier
- Univ Rennes, ISCR UMR 6226 ScanMAT-UAR2025, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Yann Molard
- Univ Rennes, ISCR UMR 6226 ScanMAT-UAR2025, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | | | - Sylvie Dérien
- Univ Rennes, ISCR UMR 6226 ScanMAT-UAR2025, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ Rennes, ISCR UMR 6226 ScanMAT-UAR2025, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Mathieu Achard
- Univ Rennes, ISCR UMR 6226 ScanMAT-UAR2025, F-35000, Rennes, France
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40
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Luo G, Pang J, Sun D, Zhang Q. Stereoselective Toxicokinetic and Distribution Study on the Hexaconazole Enantiomers in Mice. Toxics 2023; 11:145. [PMID: 36851020 PMCID: PMC9966998 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hexaconazole (Hex) has been widely used in agricultural products, and its residues may pose a potential risk to human health. However, the metabolic behavior of Hex enantiomers in mammal organisms is still unknown, which is important for evaluating the differences in their toxicity. In this study, the distribution of S-(+)- and R-(-)-Hex in mice was detected by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), and the mechanism differences in the toxicokinetic behavior were analyzed by molecular docking. Good linearities, accuracies, and precisions were achieved for S-(+)- and R-(-)-Hex, with recoveries of 88.7~104.2% and RSDs less than 9.45% in nine tissues of mice. This established method was then used to detect the toxicokinetic of Hex enantiomers in mice after oral administration within 96 h. The results showed that the half-lives of S-(+)- and R-(-)-Hex were 3.07 and 3.71 h in plasma. Hex was mainly accumulated in the liver, followed by the kidneys, brain, lungs, spleen, and heart. The enantiomeric fraction (EF) values of Hex enantiomers in most of the samples were below 1, indicating that S-(+)-Hex decreased faster than its antipode. The molecular docking showed that the binding of S-(+)-Hex with P450arom was much more stable than R-(-)-Hex, which verified the fact that S-(+)-Hex was prefer to decrease in most of the tissues. The results of this study could be helpful for further evaluating the potential toxic risk of Hex enantiomers and for the development and usage of its pure monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofei Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Junxiao Pang
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Dali Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qinghai Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Della Sala P, Del Regno R, Capobianco A, Iuliano V, Talotta C, Geremia S, Hickey N, Neri P, Gaeta C. Confused-Prism[5]arene: a Conformationally Adaptive Host by Stereoselective Opening of the 1,4-Bridged Naphthalene Flap. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203030. [PMID: 36317818 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The confused-prism[5]arene macrocycle (c-PrS[5]Me ) shows conformational adaptive behavior in the presence of ammonium guests. Upon guest inclusion, the 1,4-bridged naphthalene flap reverses its planar chirality from pS to pR (with reference to the pS(pR)4 enantiomer). Stereoselective directional threading is also observed in the presence of directional axles, in which up/down stereoisomers of homochiral (pR)5 -c-PrS[5]Me pseudorotaxanes are formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Della Sala
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Rocco Del Regno
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Amedeo Capobianco
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Veronica Iuliano
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Neal Hickey
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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Sui S, Xie K, Guo R, Dai J, Yang L. Molecular Characterization of a Stereoselective and Promiscuous Flavanone 3-Hydroxylase from Carthamus tinctorius L. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:1679-1689. [PMID: 36633228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flavanone 3-hydroxylases (F3Hs) belong to the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase family and play an important role in plant flavonoid biosynthesis. However, the stereoselective catalytic mechanism and substrate promiscuity of this type of enzyme are not well understood. In this study, we identified and biochemically characterized CtF3H1, an F3H from Carthamus tinctorius, a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine that exhibits high stereoselectivity and substrate promiscuity toward structurally diverse (2S)-flavanones. Isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that CtF3H1 exhibits distinctly different binding behaviors with (2S)-flavanone (2S-naringenin) and (2R)-flavanone (2R-naringenin), and these differences govern its stereoselectivity. An investigation of the structure-activity relationships between the enzyme and its substrates demonstrated that 7-OH and/or 4'-OH are necessary for regio- and stereoselective 3-hydroxylation of (2S)-flavanones. Homology modeling and molecular docking combined with site-directed mutagenesis identified the amino acid residues necessary for hydroxylation. These findings demonstrate the potential versatility of CtF3H1 in regio- and stereohydroxylation and provide molecular insights into the catalytic mechanism of F3H for further enzyme engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyang Sui
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kebo Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; and NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ruimingqian Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jungui Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs; and NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lin Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
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Abstract
The widely used term asymmetric synthesis was introduced by Emil Fischer in 1894 by demonstration with examples. An early definition by Marckwald was successful in applications involving enantiomeric reaction products. The term caused difficulties in cases of diastereomeric products, because of a lack of a clear definition of the term diastereoisomers, which in turn affected the introduction of the term diastereoselectivity. Clarity was reached only after Wheland had revived a definition by Victor Meyer of 1907. Today, a definition codified by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is in use, which is slightly modified here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Helmchen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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44
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Duhamel T, Scaringi S, Leforestier B, Poblador-Bahamonde AI, Mazet C. Assisted Tandem Pd Catalysis Enables Regiodivergent Heck Arylation of Transiently Generated Substituted Enol Ethers. JACS Au 2023; 3:261-274. [PMID: 36711081 PMCID: PMC9875267 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two complementary regiodivergent Pd-catalyzed assisted tandem [isomerization/Heck arylation] reactions are reported. They provide access to a broad array of acyclic trisubstituted vinyl ethers starting from readily available alkenyl ethers. In both cases, the isomerization is conducted with a [Pd-H] precatalyst supported by tris-tert-butyl phosphine ligands. When the catalyst is modified by the addition of a chelating bisphosphine ligand (dppp), an organic base (Cy2NMe), sodium acetate, and aryl triflates are used as electrophiles, the α-arylation pathway is promoted preferentially. The β-arylation pathway is favored for electron-deficient and electron-neutral aryl halides when the catalyst is simply modified by the addition of an excess of an organic base (Et3N) after completion of the isomerization reaction. Electron-rich aryl halides lead to reduced levels of regiocontrol. The moderate stereoselectivity obtained are proposed to reflect the absence of stereocontrol in the isomerization step. Computational analyses suggest that migratory insertion is selectivity-determining for both the arylations. For the β-selective arylation, an energy decomposition analysis underscored that electronic factors favor α-regioselectivity and steric effects favor β-regioselectivity. Preliminary investigations show that high levels of stereoselectivity can be achieved for the α-selective arylation by ligand control. Complementarily, reaction conditions for postcatalytic stereo-correction have also been identified for each catalytic system.
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45
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Krainova G, Beloglazova Y, Dmitriev M, Grishko V. Stereoselective Epoxidation of Triterpenic Allylic Alcohols and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Synthesized Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020550. [PMID: 36677609 PMCID: PMC9863255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The epoxidation process of semi-synthetic triterpenoids 2-methyl-3-oxo-19β,28-epoxy- 18α-olean-1-ene, and its allylic alcohol derivatives were examined. 1,2α-epoxide, as the main product, was found to be formed from the starting enone exposed to m-chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA). In the case of hydroxy-directed mCPBA-oxidation of triterpenic allyl alcohols and their 3α-alkyl-substituted derivatives, inversion of C1 and C2 asymmetric centers with the formation of 1,2β-epoxyalcohols took place. The synthesis of 2,3α-epoxides was fulfilled from 2,3-dialkyl-substituted C(3) allyl alcohols by the action of pyridinium chlorochromate under [1,3]-oxidative rearrangement conditions. The transformations brought about enabled chiral oleanane derivatives with an oxygen-containing substituent at the C1, C2, and C3 atoms to be obtained. The study also provides information on in silico PASS prediction of pharmacological effects and in vitro evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of the synthesized compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnaz Krainova
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm 614013, Russia
| | - Yulia Beloglazova
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm 614013, Russia
| | - Maksim Dmitriev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Perm State University, Perm 614990, Russia
| | - Victoria Grishko
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm 614013, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-342-2378265; Fax: +7-342-2378262
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46
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Niu C, Du DM. Recent Advances in Organocatalyzed Asymmetric sulfa-Michael Addition Triggered Cascade Reactions. CHEM REC 2023:e202200258. [PMID: 36594608 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The sulfa-Michael addition reaction is a crucial subset of the Michael addition reaction, and aroused the interest of numerous synthetic biologists and chemists. In particular, sulfa-Michael addition triggered cascade reaction has developed quickly in recent years because it offers an efficient method to construct C-S bonds and other bonds in one approach, which is widely applicable for building chiral pharmaceuticals, their intermediates, and natural compounds. This review emphasizes the recent advancements in sulfa-Michael addition-triggered cascade reactions for the stereoselective synthesis of sulfur-containing compounds, including sulfa-Michael/aldol, sulfa-Michael/Henry, sulfa-Michael/Michael, sulfa-Michael/Mannich and some sulfa-Michael triggered multi-step processes. Moreover, some reaction mechanisms and derivatization experiments are introduced appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Niu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science & Pharmaceutics Engineering (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Ming Du
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science & Pharmaceutics Engineering (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
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47
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Zavarise A, Sridhar S, Kiema TR, Wierenga RK, Widersten M. Structures of lactaldehyde reductase, FucO, link enzyme activity to hydrogen bond networks and conformational dynamics. FEBS J 2023; 290:465-481. [PMID: 36002154 PMCID: PMC10087678 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A group-III iron containing 1,2-propanediol oxidoreductase, FucO, (also known as lactaldehyde reductase) from Escherichia coli was examined regarding its structure-dynamics-function relationships in the catalysis of the NADH-dependent reduction of (2S)-lactaldehyde. Crystal structures of FucO variants in the presence or absence of cofactors have been determined, illustrating large domain movements between the apo and holo enzyme structures. Different structures of FucO variants co-crystallized with NAD+ or NADH together with substrate further suggest dynamic properties of the nicotinamide moiety of the coenzyme that are important for the reaction mechanism. Modelling of the native substrate (2S)-lactaldehyde into the active site can explain the stereoselectivity exhibited by the enzyme, with a critical hydrogen bond interaction between the (2S)-hydroxyl and the side-chain of N151, as well as the previously experimentally demonstrated pro-(R) selectivity in hydride transfer from NADH to the aldehydic carbon. Furthermore, the deuterium kinetic isotope effect of hydride transfer suggests that reduction chemistry is the main rate-limiting step for turnover which is not the case in FucO catalysed alcohol oxidation. We further propose that a water molecule in the active site - hydrogen bonded to a conserved histidine (H267) and the 2'-hydroxyl of the coenzyme ribose - functions as a catalytic proton donor in the protonation of the product alcohol. A hydrogen bond network of water molecules and the side-chains of amino acid residues D360 and H267 links bulk solvent to this proposed catalytic water molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shruthi Sridhar
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Sweden.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Tiila-Riikka Kiema
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Rikkert K Wierenga
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
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48
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Solarczek J, Kaspar F, Bauer P, Schallmey A. G-type Halohydrin Dehalogenases Catalyze Ring Opening Reactions of Cyclic Epoxides with Diverse Anionic Nucleophiles. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202343. [PMID: 36214160 PMCID: PMC10099379 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Halohydrin dehalogenases are promiscuous biocatalysts, which enable asymmetric ring opening reactions of epoxides with various anionic nucleophiles. However, despite the increasing interest in such asymmetric transformations, the substrate scope of G-type halohydrin dehalogenases toward cyclic epoxides has remained largely unexplored, even though this subfamily is the only one known to display activity with these sterically demanding substrates. Herein, we report on the exploration of the substrate scope of the two G-type halohydrin dehalogenases HheG and HheG2 and a newly identified, more thermostable member of the family, HheG3, with a variety of sterically demanding cyclic epoxides and anionic nucleophiles. This work shows that, in addition to azide and cyanide, these enzymes facilitate ring-opening reactions with cyanate, thiocyanate, formate, and nitrite, significantly expanding the known repertoire of accessible transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Solarczek
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Biochemistry Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Felix Kaspar
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Biochemistry Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.,Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pia Bauer
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Biochemistry Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.,Amedes Genetics, MVZ for Laboratory Medicine, Georgstraße 50, 30159, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anett Schallmey
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Biochemistry Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.,Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.,Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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49
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Hamajima S, Komura N, Tanaka HN, Imamura A, Ishida H, Ichiyanagi T, Ando H. Investigation of the Protection of the C4 Hydroxyl Group in Macrobicyclic Kdo Donors. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010102. [PMID: 36615297 PMCID: PMC9822203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemical synthesis of 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid (Kdo)-containing glycans, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and capsular polysaccharides (CPSs), is in high demand for the development of vaccines against pathogenic bacteria. We have recently achieved the complete α-stereoselective glycosidation of Kdo using a macrobicyclic donor tethered at the C1 and C5 positions. In this study, to expand the scope of Kdo glycosidation, we sought to protect the 4-OH group, thereby shortening the reaction time and ensuring the conversion of the glycosyl acceptor via its selective removal. The protection of the 4-OH group influenced the reactivity of the Kdo donor, and the triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) group acted as a selectively removable booster. The 4-O-TIPS donor allowed the synthesis of the α(2,4)-linked dimeric Kdo sequence, which is widely found in bacterial LPSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Hamajima
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Naoko Komura
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hide-Nori Tanaka
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akihiro Imamura
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hideharu Ishida
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ichiyanagi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Rajakumara E, Saniya D, Bajaj P, Rajeshwari R, Giri J, Davari MD. Hijacking Chemical Reactions of P450 Enzymes for Altered Chemical Reactions and Asymmetric Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010214. [PMID: 36613657 PMCID: PMC9820634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s are heme-containing enzymes capable of the oxidative transformation of a wide range of organic substrates. A protein scaffold that coordinates the heme iron, and the catalytic pocket residues, together, determine the reaction selectivity and regio- and stereo-selectivity of the P450 enzymes. Different substrates also affect the properties of P450s by binding to its catalytic pocket. Modulating the redox potential of the heme by substituting iron-coordinating residues changes the chemical reaction, the type of cofactor requirement, and the stereoselectivity of P450s. Around hundreds of P450s are experimentally characterized, therefore, a mechanistic understanding of the factors affecting their catalysis is increasingly vital in the age of synthetic biology and biotechnology. Engineering P450s can enable them to catalyze a variety of chemical reactions viz. oxygenation, peroxygenation, cyclopropanation, epoxidation, nitration, etc., to synthesize high-value chiral organic molecules with exceptionally high stereo- and regioselectivity and catalytic efficiency. This review will focus on recent studies of the mechanistic understandings of the modulation of heme redox potential in the engineered P450 variants, and the effect of small decoy molecules, dual function small molecules, and substrate mimetics on the type of chemical reaction and the catalytic cycle of the P450 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eerappa Rajakumara
- Macromolecular Structural Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, India
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Dubey Saniya
- Macromolecular Structural Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, India
| | - Priyanka Bajaj
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), NH-44, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Rajanna Rajeshwari
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot Campus, GKVK, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Jyotsnendu Giri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, India
| | - Mehdi D. Davari
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (M.D.D.)
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