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Seewagen CL. The threat of global mercury pollution to bird migration: potential mechanisms and current evidence. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:1254-1267. [PMID: 30159636 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a global pollutant that has been widely shown to adversely affect reproduction and other endpoints related to fitness and health in birds, but almost nothing is known about its effects on migration relative to other life cycle processes. Here I consider the physiological and histological effects that mercury is known to have on non-migrating birds and non-avian vertebrates to identify potential mechanisms by which mercury might hinder migration performance. I posit that the broad ability of mercury to inactivate enzymes and compromise the function of other proteins is a single mechanism by which mercury has strong potential to disrupt many of the physiological processes that make long-distance migration possible. In just this way alone, there is reason to expect mercury to interfere with navigation, flight endurance, oxidative balance, and stopover refueling. Navigation and flight could be further affected by neurotoxic effects of mercury on the brain regions that process geomagnetic information from the visual system and control biomechanics, respectively. Interference with photochemical reactions in the retina and decreases in scotopic vision sensitivity caused by mercury also have the potential to disrupt visual-based magnetic navigation. Finally, migration performance and possibly survival might be limited by the immunosuppressive effects of mercury on birds at a time when exposure to novel pathogens and parasites is great. I conclude that mercury pollution is likely to be further challenging what is already often the most difficult and perilous phase of a migratory bird's annual cycle, potentially contributing to global declines in migratory bird populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad L Seewagen
- Great Hollow Nature Preserve & Ecological Research Center, 225 Route 37, New Fairfield, CT, USA.
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Kumar R, Banerjee TK. Study of sodium arsenite induced biochemical changes on certain biomolecules of the freshwater catfish Clarias batrachus. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1679-62252012005000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Toxic impact of sublethal concentration (1 mg/L; 5% of 96h LC50 value) of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) on certain biomolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and glycogen) of five tissue components (muscles, liver, brain, skin, and gills) of the freshwater catfish Clarias batrachus was analysed. The important toxic manifestations include marked decrease in the concentration of proteins (21.72-45.42% in muscles; 3.42-53.94% in liver; 15.39-45.42% in brain; 15.40-4.00% in skin and 11.35-64.13% in gills), DNA (0.55-22.95% in muscles; 8.33-14.06% in liver; 5.30-18.40% in brain; 13.57-52.80% in skin; and 12.38-31.01% in gills), RNA (42.68-76.16% in muscles; 10.68-39.75% in liver; 5.66-29.05% in brain; 7.72-27.93% in skin and 21.47-44.38% in gills) and glycogen (24.00-51.72% in muscles; 49.11-72.45% in liver; 11.49-26.03% in brain; 26.13-38.05% in skin and 17.80-37.97% in gills). Excepting liver where the lipid content increases (15.82-24.13%), the fat content also showed depletion in their concentration (10.40-29.83% in muscles; 8.30-34.45% in brain; 8.94-31.47% in skin and 12.75-28.86% in gills), in the rest of the organ systems.
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Al-Salahy MB. Physiological studies on the effect of copper nicotinate (Cu-N complex) on the fish, Clarias gariepinus, exposed to mercuric chloride. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2011; 37:373-385. [PMID: 20927584 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-010-9437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Female catfish, Clarias gariepinus, were collected from the Nile River at Assiut region, were divided into 7 groups. The first group was left as control, and the second was treated with mercuric chloride (MC) for 3 weeks following by normal water for 1 week. The third, fourth and fifth groups were provided by MC (150 μg/ l of water). This treatment was continued for 3 weeks. Then, the fish were received CN instead of MC, for 1 week, with 15 and 25 mg CN/100 g wet food. The fifth fish group received diet supplemented with vit E (α-tocopherol) (100 mg/kg wet diet), for 1 week, instead of MC treatment. Vitamin E was used as standard antioxidant drug. Following 3 weeks of normal ambient water, the sixth and seventh aquaria received only CN for 1 week, with 15 and 25 mg CN respectively/100 g wet food, respectively. At the end of the experiment, Samples of liver, kidneys (posterior part), gills (right gills) and ovary were excised. The measurement included the oxidative stress parameters: carbonyl protein and total peroxide and the antioxidant enzyme activities superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in all selected organs. MC treatment induced harmful effect in fish, probably due to its enhancing effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in fish organs especially the respiratory and osmoregulatory organs namely gills. The result suggests that this gill damage may exert hypoxic case, anoxia for different organs and some Cu excretion resulting in a magnification of ROS overproduction. Also, the observed oxidative stress in ovary tissue of MC-treated fish may affect fish fertility. The addition of CN in fish diets could protect the fish C. gariepinus against MC-induced oxidative damage showing recovery of fish organs. It could suggest that the detoxifying mechanism of action of CN is mainly due to its scavenging activity of free radicals rather than tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bassam Al-Salahy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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Kumari B, Ahsan J. Study of muscle glycogen content in both sexes of an Indian teleost Clarias batrachus (Linn.) exposed to different concentrations of arsenic. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2011; 37:161-167. [PMID: 20730599 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-010-9427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation has been conducted to study the effect of different sublethal concentrations of arsenic (5, 10 and 15 mg/L) on the muscle glycogen content in an Indian teleost, Clarias batrachus, during their post-spawning period (October to January).The species were exposed to various arsenic concentrations for six consecutive days i.e.,144 h. Significant differences in average muscle glycogen content were found in the treated male and female C. batrachus specimens. However, significantly higher (P < 0.01) muscle glycogen content was observed in male fish when compared to females in the untreated specimens. Arsenic caused muscle glycogenolysis in both sexes of C. batrachus. The depletions were not always dose (arsenic concentration) and time dependent, although higher concentrations were more glycogenolytic than the lower concentrations. After 96 h of treatment with arsenic, less depletion of muscle glycogen content was recorded in both sexes of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibha Kumari
- P.G. Department of Zoology, A.N. College, Patna, India.
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Domingues I, Oliveira R, Lourenço J, Grisolia CK, Mendo S, Soares AMVM. Biomarkers as a tool to assess effects of chromium (VI): comparison of responses in zebrafish early life stages and adults. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 152:338-45. [PMID: 20566315 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present work aims to compare the sensitivity of embryos and adult zebrafish to chromium (VI) (as potassium dichromate) focusing on biomarkers (cholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase and lactate dehydrogenase) as endpoints. Zebrafish eggs showed less sensitivity to Cr (VI) (96 h-LC50=145.7 mg/L) than adults (96 h-LC50=39.4 mg/L) probably due to the protective action of the chorion. However, biomarkers were much more responsive in larvae than in adults and gave clear indications about Cr (VI) mode of action: it seems to be neurotoxic (inhibited cholinesterase), to inhibit glutathione S-transferase activity and to interfere with cellular metabolic activity (changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity) in larvae. In adults, only glutathione S-transferase was responsive, showing a clear inhibition. The responsiveness of the analyzed biomarkers in larvae reinforces the idea of the usefulness of early life stage assays in the assessment of chemicals effects. Moreover, early life stage assays also contributed with relevant information regarding anomalies in larvae development and behavior. Further research should focus on the use of biomarkers to assess long term effects which are ecologically more relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Domingues
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Garg S, Gupta RK, Jain KL. Sublethal effects of heavy metals on biochemical composition and their recovery in Indian major carps. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 163:1369-1384. [PMID: 18775601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.07.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Revised: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Studies were conducted to assess the effects of sublethal exposure of heavy metals cadmium, arsenic and zinc for 45 days on Indian major carps, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala and Catla catla. Heavy metal treatments in general showed significant reduction in carbohydrate and lipid contents content in muscles as well as in gills in all the three fish species. The order of reduction of muscle and gill carbohydrate and lipid content due to different treatments was Cd+As+Zn>Cd+As>As+Zn>Cd+Zn>Cd>As>Zn. When fish were transferred to metal free water for 30 days, the level of carbohydrate and lipid contents improved considerably in all the three fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Garg
- Department of Zoology and Aquaculture, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
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Peixoto NC, Pereira ME. Effectiveness of ZnCl2 in protecting against nephrotoxicity induced by HgCl2 in newborn rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2007; 66:441-6. [PMID: 16620979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2005] [Revised: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the preventive effects of ZnCl(2) on renal and hepatic alterations induced by HgCl(2) in young rats. Wistar rats of 3 days old were treated (s.c.) on consecutive days with saline or ZnCl(2) 27 mg/kg/day from the 3rd to the 7th and with saline or HgCl(2) 5.0mg/kg/day from the 8th to the 12th day of life. Pups were sacrificed 24h after the last dose and samples were collected. The creatinine and urea dosages, used as renal parameters, presented increases of 35% and 500%, respectively. The alanine aminotransferase and lactic dehydrogenase activities, used as hepatic parameters, presented a decrease (40%) and no alteration, respectively, by mercury exposure. The glycemia was diminished and the hepatic glycogen was not modified by mercury. All the mercury effects were prevented by zinc. These results suggest that mercury intoxication of young rats alters the renal function but does not modify the hepatic parameters, and previous exposure to zinc is able to avoid the renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Peixoto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Spry DJ, Wiener JG. Metal bioavailability and toxicity to fish in low-alkalinity lakes: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 1991; 71:243-304. [PMID: 15092121 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7491(91)90034-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/1990] [Accepted: 12/07/1990] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fish in low-alkalinity lakes having pH of 6.0-6.5 or less often have higher body or tissue burdens of mercury, cadmium, and lead than do fish in nearby lakes with higher pH. The greater bioaccumulation of these metals in such waters seems to result partly from the greater aqueous abundances of biologically available forms (CH(3) Hg(+), Cd(2+), and Pb(2+)) at low pH. In addition, the low concentrations of aqueous calcium in low-alkalinity lakes increase the permeability of biological membranes to these metals, which in fish may cause greater uptake from both water and food. Fish exposed to aqueous inorganic aluminum in the laboratory and field accumulate the metal in and on the epithelial cells of the gills; however, there is little accumulation of aluminum in the blood or internal organs. In low-pH water, both sublethal and lethal toxicity of aluminum has been clearly demonstrated in both laboratory and field studies at environmental concentrations. In contrast, recently measured aqueous concentrations of total mercury, methylmercury, cadmium, and lead in low-alkalinity lakes are much lower than the aqueous concentrations known to cause acute or chronic toxicity in fish, although the vast majority of toxicological research has involved waters with much higher ionic strength than that in low-alkalinity lakes. Additional work with fish is needed to better assess (1) the toxicity of aqueous metals in low-alkalinity waters, and (2) the toxicological significance of dietary methylmercury and cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Spry
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Water Resources Branch, 135 St. Clair Avenue West, Toronto, Ontario M4V 1P5, Canada
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The effect of mercury exposure on liver mrna translatability and metallothionein in rainbow trout. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(91)90021-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gill TS, Tewari H, Pande J. Use of the fish enzyme system in monitoring water quality: effects of mercury on tissue enzymes. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. C, COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 1990; 97:287-92. [PMID: 1982872 DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(90)90143-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
1. Rosy barb (Puntius conchonius) were exposed to 181 micrograms/l mercuric chloride for 48 h and the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases (AcP and AIP), aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), alanine aminotransferase (AIAT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) were measured in vivo in several organs. 2. The AcP activity was inhibited in the liver, gills, kidneys, and gut but stimulated in the gonads. With the exception of kidney, the AIP activity showed an increase in all the organs examined. The AAT and AIAT were generally inhibited in different organs. An increase in LDH activity occurred in the cardiac and skeletal muscles while the AchE activity was considerably lowered in the brain, gills, and liver. 3. In vitro exposure to mercury at concentrations ranging between 10(-10) and 10(-4) M, inhibited the AIP, AAT, AIAT, LDH, and AchE activities in the tissues examined. The AcP activity was also depressed in all the tissues except in the testes, in which a marginal increase was noted. 4. The in vivo and in vitro effects of Hg were not of similar quality implying sequestration of toxic cations in the intact animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Gill
- Department of Anatomy, Daniel Baugh Institute of Anatomy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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Abbasi SA, Nipaney PC, Soni R. Studies on environmental management of mercury (ii), chromium (vi) and zinc (ii) with respect to the impact on some arthropods and protozoans — toxicity of zinc (ii). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1080/00207238808710458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fantin AMB, Trevisan P, Pederzoli A, Bergomi M. Effects of acute experimental pollution by lead on some haematological parameters inCarassius carassius(L.) var.auratus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1080/11250008809386621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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