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Feng K, Luo J, Ding X, Tang F. Transcriptome analysis and response of three important detoxifying enzymes to Serratia marcescens Bizio (SM1) in Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 178:104922. [PMID: 34446198 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a main pest of forest trees. In this study, the effects of Serratia marcescens Bizio (SM1) infection on the transcriptome of H. cunea were studied. The expression of 1068 unigenes in the transcriptome of H. cunea infected by S. marcescens was markedly different from that in the control of H. cunea; 474 genes were upregulated, and 594 genes were downregulated in the former. Among them, 8 cytochrome P450s (CYPs), 5 uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) and 3 glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) were significantly differentially expressed. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these differentially expressed detoxification enzyme genes were mainly involved in the drug metabolism pathway, glutathione metabolism pathway and ABC transporter pathway. Interestingly, we found that five UGTs were related to oestradiol metabolism in the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR results showed that SM1 could induce the expression of CYPs and UGTs, but inhibit the expression of GSTs. This research will identify the response of important detoxification enzymes to S. marcescens, which will provide a theoretical foundation for the development of new immunosuppressants for H. cunea control. Furthermore, H. cunea was performed transcriptome sequencing to explore the key metabolic pathways, signalling pathways and genes affected by S. marcescens, which will clarify the mechanisms of S. marcescens infection of H. cunea. In addition, this study also explored the relationship between H. cunea and S. marcescens, which will provide a theoretical basis for the biological control of H. cunea by using S. marcescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Feng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Luo
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Ding
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Tang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang B, Sato K, Yamamoto D. Ecdysone signaling regulates specification of neurons with a male-specific neurite in Drosophila. Biol Open 2018; 7:7/2/bio029744. [PMID: 29463514 PMCID: PMC5861360 DOI: 10.1242/bio.029744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Some mAL neurons in the male brain form the ipsilateral neurite (ILN[+]) in a manner dependent on FruBM, a male-specific transcription factor. FruBM represses robo1 transcription, allowing the ILN to form. We found that the proportion of ILN[+]-mALs in all observed single cell clones dropped from ∼90% to ∼30% by changing the heat-shock timing for clone induction from 4-5 days after egg laying (AEL) to 6-7 days AEL, suggesting that the ILN[+]-mALs are produced predominantly by young neuroblasts. Upon EcR-A knockdown, ILN[+]-mALs were produced at a high rate (∼60%), even when heat shocked at 6-7 days AEL, yet EcR-B1 knockdown reduced the proportion of ILN[+]-mALs to ∼30%. Immunoprecipitation assays in S2 cells demonstrated that EcR-A and EcR-B1 form a complex with FruBM. robo1 reporter transcription was repressed by FruBM and ecdysone counteracted FruBM. We suggest that ecdysone signaling modulates the FruBM action to produce an appropriate number of male-type neurons. Summary: The insect molting hormone ecdysone determines whether a single neuron develops a sex-specific structure, through crosstalk with signaling elements in a pathway dedicated to the sex-fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglong Zhang
- Division of Neurogenetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kosei Sato
- Division of Neurogenetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamamoto
- Division of Neurogenetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
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Shen G, Lin Y, Yang C, Xing R, Zhang H, Chen E, Han C, Liu H, Zhang W, Xia Q. Vertebrate estrogen regulates the development of female characteristics in silkworm, Bombyx mori. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 210:30-7. [PMID: 25285397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate estrogens include 17-β-estradiol (E2), which has an analog in silkworm ovaries. In this study, the Bombyx mori vitellogenin gene (BmVg) was used as a biomarker to analyze the function of the E2 in silkworm. In most oviparous animals, Vg has female-specific expression. However, BmVg expression was also detected in B. mori males. Stage specific fluctuation of BmVg expression was similar in males and females, but expression levels in males were lower than in females. E2 treatment by injection or feeding of male larvae in the final instar stage induced and stimulated male BmVg transcription and protein synthesis. When silkworm ovary primordia were transplanted into males, BmVg was induced in male fat bodies. Transplanted ovaries primordia were also able to develop into ovaries and produce mature eggs. When females were treated with E2 promoted BmVg/BmVn protein accumulation in hemolymph, ovaries and eggs. However, BmVg transcription was decreased in female fat bodies. An E2 analog was identified in the hemolymph of day 3 wandering silkworms using high-performance liquid chromatography. Estradiol titers from fifth late-instar larvae to pupal stage were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results suggested that silkworms synthesized a vertebrate E2 analog. This study found that E2 promoted the synthesis of BmVg, a female typical protein in silkworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanwang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Congwen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Runmiao Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Enxiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaoshan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Yang C, Lin Y, Shen G, Chen E, Wang Y, Luo J, Zhang H, Xing R, Xia Q. Female qualities in males: Vitellogenin synthesis induced by ovary transplants into the male silkworm, Bombyx mori. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453:31-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Rankin SM, Grosjean EM. Effects of bisphenol A in the ring-legged earwig, Euborellia annulipes. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2010; 19:635-642. [PMID: 19898982 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-009-0435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A is a known endocrine disruptor in vertebrates that mimics the action of estrogens by interacting with hormone receptors. It also affects reproduction and development in many invertebrate animals, though mechanisms of action are unclear. Terrestrial insects, despite their abundance and profound ecological significance, have been largely overlooked as a group that might be affected by vertebrate endocrine disrupting chemicals. We evaluated potential effects of bisphenol A on the ring-legged earwig, Euborellia annulipes, as a model for terrestrial arthropods. Dosages of 0, 0.12, 1.2 and 12 microg bisphenol A were injected over a 6 day period into newly eclosed males and newly mated (7-day) females. The lowest dosage (0.12 microg) was most effective in eliciting significant effects including reducing weight gain while increasing testis size and seminal vesicle size; higher dosages were less effective or ineffective. In females, treatment with 0.12 microg bisphenol A enhanced clutch size but higher dosages were required to affect the duration of embryogenesis in offspring of treated mothers. Hatching success and the onset of the second reproductive cycle were not affected by treatments. No gross abnormalities were observed as a result of treatment in the reproductive structures of either males or females. Similarly, injection of varying concentrations of estradiol into males enhanced testis length, though it had no effect on seminal vesicle size. Lastly, we administered bisphenol A in drinking water for up to 2 weeks. Surprisingly, as little as 1 microg/L inhibited testis growth; 100 microg/L inhibited ovarian growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Rankin
- Department of Biology, Allegheny College, Meadville, PA 16335, USA.
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Roy S, De J, Kundu S, Biswas A, Pramanik M, Ray AK. Estradiol-17β: Tracing its metabolic significance in female fatbody of fifth instar larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori L (race: Nistari). Life Sci 2007; 80:446-53. [PMID: 17074367 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2006] [Revised: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, various vertebrate peptide and steroid hormones have been identified in invertebrates, estradiol-17beta (E2) being a major one. We have specifically shown NADP-malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH) activity in fifth instar larval fatbody of female silkworm, Bombyx mori, as an E2 responsive parameter. Interestingly enough, estradiol-induced increase in the enzyme activity could be counteracted by simultaneous application of specific E2-inhibitor, ICI-182780. Further, a nice correlation was obtained among the E2 titre, specific *E2 binding and expression of NADP-MDH activity in fatbody during different days of normal fifth instar larval development. Though the nature of the binding sites is quite similar to known steroid receptors of vertebrate, the reported absence of estrogen receptor gene in some insects poses a question. A recent finding regarding the presence of an estrogen-related receptor ortholog in fruit fly may provide some answers. The specific effects elicited by estradiol in the female fatbody of this insect support its possibility of having an important metabolic function. This role played by E2, whether hormonal or not, is yet to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumedha Roy
- Department of Animal Physiology, Bose Institute, P-1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VII M, Calcutta 700054, West Bengal, India
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Keshan B, Ray AK. Estradiol-17beta in Bombyx mori: possible significance and its effect on silk production. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2000; 46:1061-1068. [PMID: 10802119 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1910(99)00218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Although estrogen is well known as a vertebrate sex steroid, its presence in insects, including Bombyx mori, raises questions about its precise role in the physiology of insects. It was reported earlier that estradiol-17beta (E(2)) exerts a specific effect on silk-gland function in B. mori and that it may act in a nuclear-mediated way. To evaluate further the effect of E(2) on cocoon characters, larval growth and development, 1µg/g of E(2) was applied topically to the first and second day of fifth instar larvae. This resulted in a significant enhancement of cocoon characters, such as cocoon shell weight, silk filament length per cocoon, denier per filament and reelability of the cocoons, without any adverse effect on fecundity and hatchability. In the present study, E(2) levels in the haemolymph were quantified on different days of the fifth instar larvae and age-dependent changes in the endogenous E(2) titre have been demonstrated. These age-dependent variations in E(2) content coincide with physiological events occurring during the fifth instar. Such observations exclude the possibility of a dietary origin for E(2), as a sudden and sharp rise of the E(2) level in the haemolymph was observed on the 10th day of the fifth instar, preceded by a small increase on the ninth day after an eight-day feeding period. The increased level of estradiol in the haemolymph of larvae treated topically with E(2) indicates effective penetration of this hormone through the larval cuticle. Moreover, similar patterns of alteration of E(2) levels on different days of the fifth instar in both control and treated groups suggests the existence of some internal metabolic pathway in the silkworm body to regulate the hormone titre. Thus, the present investigation offers a system for investigating the unique function of E(2) in B. mori and offers potential for improvement of silk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Keshan
- Department of Animal Physiology, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII - M, Calcutta, India
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RAVIKUMAR G, THANGAVELU K. Occurrence of immunoreactive estradiol-positive material in the haemolymph and ovary of the tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.1998.9652666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Keshan B, Ray AK. Action of estradiol-17beta on the synthetic activity of the silk gland in Bombyx mori L. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 44:491-498. [PMID: 12770169 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1910(97)00141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of estradiol-17beta (E(2)) were studied on several metabolic parameters in the silk gland of Bombyx mori L. race Nistari. Topical application of different doses (0.05-4.0&mgr;g/g body weight) of E(2) on the first and second day of the fifth instar larvae showed a dose dependent effect when studied on the fifth day. A significant increase in silk gland weight and fibroin content was observed between the doses 0.05 and 0.1, and 0.1 and 1.0&mgr;g/g of E(2). A similar pattern of dose-dependent rise in DNA and RNA content of posterior silk gland (PSG) was observed with the doses of E(2) when the contents were expressed per pair of PSG. Higher doses of E(2) (2.0 or 4.0&mgr;g/g) demonstrated relatively less increase, unchanged level or a decrease in the above parameters in comparison to the control values. The glutamate-pyruvate transaminase of PSG showed a significant increase from 0.1 to 2.0&mgr;g/g of E(2) doses in comparison to the control value. Simultaneous injection of ICI-182780 (1.0&mgr;g/g), a very pure and specific antiestrogenic compound, with E(2) (1.0&mgr;g/g) caused a significant counteraction of E(2)-induced increase in silk gland activity, which was reflected in DNA and RNA content of PSG, wet weight and fibroin content of silk gland, and on glutamate-pyruvate transaminase activity. Cycloheximide (0.5&mgr;g/g), a protein synthesis blocker, caused a significant inhibition of the E(2) (1.0&mgr;g/g)-induced silk gland activity when treated along with estradiol. From this study it appears that estradiol has a specific effect on silk gland function and that it may act in a nuclear mediated way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bela Keshan
- Department of Animal Physiology, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII-M, -700054, Calcutta, India
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Swevers L, Lambert JG, De Loof A. On the origin of vertebrate-type steroids present in Locusta migratoria: do they originate from the food? COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1992; 102:591-600. [PMID: 1499296 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(92)90052-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
1. This study investigates the origin of vertebrate-type steroids which were reported to be present in Locusta migratoria: are the steroids synthesized by the locust or are they derived from the diet, i.e. grass and rolled oats? 2. It is unlikely that the steroids are synthesized by locust tissues. In vitro incubations of eleven different tissues with labeled pregnenolone or androstenedione did not result in androgen or estrogen synthesis respectively. 3. Steroid synthesis was also not detected when tissues were incubated in the presence of the early precursors cholesterol and isopentenyl pyrophosphate. 4. It is unlikely that the steroids are derived from the diet. Feeding experiments indicate that only low amounts of steroids are capable of crossing the gut-body barrier. 5. Injection of testosterone in the hemolymph also resulted in rapid excretion, instead of storage in tissues. 6. Moreover, radioimmunological measurements indicate that vertebrate-type steroids are absent in the food of locusts. 7. Specificity studies indicate that substances other than vertebrate-type steroids are detected by radioimmunoassay in locust tissue extracts. 8. Because vertebrate-type steroids are absent in locust tissues, it can be concluded that vertebrate-type steroids do not have a physiological function in Locusta.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Swevers
- Zoological Institute, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium
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Swevers L, Lambert JG, Novak F, Paesen G, De Loof A. Lack of essential enzymes for the biosynthesis of C19 and C18 steroids in gonads of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1991; 84:237-48. [PMID: 1783269 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(91)90047-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ovaries and testes of the African migratory locust, Locusta migratoria migratorioides, were incubated in vitro with six tritiated steroid precursors. Three developmental stages were investigated--1 day, 14 days, and 6 weeks after adult moulting. 20 alpha-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), 20 beta-HSD, 17 beta-HSD, 3 beta-HSD/isomerase, C17-C20 lyase, glucuronyl-transferase, sulfotransferase, and acyltransferase were identified in both sexes. A synthesis of androgens or estrogens comparable to the vertebrate type, however, was not apparent in the locust gonads. 20 alpha-HSD, 20 beta-HSD, and 17 beta-HSD activities were high, while more important steps in steroid synthesis such as 3 beta-HSD and C17-C20 lyase were far less intense. Ovarian 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity was slight. Aromatase activity was not demonstrated. Water-soluble conjugate formation was high in the incubations of "14th-day" and "6th-week" gonads but was absent in "1st-day" ovaries and testes. Active ester formation of pregnenolone was demonstrated in "6th-week" testes. The other steroid conversions were similar in all developmental stages investigated. Major differences between testes and ovaries were not observed. The gonads of the migratory locust are concluded not to produce androgens or estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Swevers
- Catholic University of Leuven, Zoological Institute, Belgium
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12
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Swevers L, Lambert JG, De Loof A. Synthesis and metabolism of vertebrate-type steroids by tissues of insects: a critical evaluation. EXPERIENTIA 1991; 47:687-98. [PMID: 2065766 DOI: 10.1007/bf01958817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the synthesis and the metabolism of vertebrate-type steroids (progesterone, testosterone, estradiol, corticosteroids) by insect tissues and discusses the significance of the reactions for insect physiology. Biosynthesis of vertebrate-type steroids from cholesterol hitherto has been demonstrated in only two insect species, i.e. the water beetle Acilius sulcatus (Coleoptera) and the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera). In Acilius, steroid synthesis is associated with exosecretion (chemical defense). Nothing, however, is known about a physiological role of the C21 steroid conjugate present in ovaries and eggs of Manduca. No synthesis of vertebrate-type steroids was observed in any other insect investigated to date. Most metabolic conversions of steroids by insects concerned oxidoreduction of oxygen groups (hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity) and (polar and apolar) conjugate formation. All important enzymatic steps involved in synthesis and catabolism, as known from studies with tissues of vertebrates, were not, or hardly observed. The conclusion is drawn that typical vertebrate-type (C21, C19 and C18) steroids probably do not act as physiologically active substances in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Swevers
- Zoological Institute, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Xu R, Barker M. Annual changes in the steroid levels in the ovaries and the pyloric caeca of Sclerasterias mollis (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) during the reproductive cycle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(90)90020-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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THEUNIS W, BLÄHSER S, HUYBRECHTS R, DE LOOF A. Luteinising hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and gonadotropin releasing hormone immunoreactivity in two insects: Locusta migratoria migratoroides R&F andSarcophaga bullata(Parker). INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 1989. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.1989.9672066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Novak FJ, Lambert JG. Pregnenolone, testosterone, and estradiol in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria; a gas chromatographical-mass spectrometrical study. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1989; 76:73-82. [PMID: 2599350 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(89)90034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Homogenates of ovaria as well as testes from the locust Locusta migratoria were analyzed for the presence of pregnenolone, testosterone, and estradiol by gas chromatography followed by mass spectrometry. Selected ion monitoring analyses revealed that the molecular ion and two characteristic fragment ions of pregnenolone, the molecular ion with its isotopes and two characteristic mass fragments of testosterone, and the molecular ion, its isotopes and four characteristic fragment ions of estradiol, were present at the proper retention times and with the correct abundance ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Novak
- Catholic University of Leuven, Zoological Institute, Belgium
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17
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Lozano R, Thompson MJ, Svoboda JA, Lusby WR, Wilzer KR. Metabolism of [14C]cholesterol to C-20 isomeric [14C]pregn-5-ene-3,20-diols in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. Steroids 1989; 53:427-36. [PMID: 2799853 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(89)90023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
After injection into male and female fifth-instar larvae of Manduca sexta, [14C]cholesterol was converted to C21 steroids, [14C]pregn-5-ene-3 beta,20-diols. These metabolites were isolated from 8-day-old pupae and were identified by TLC, HPLC, and GC-MS as the C-20 isomers of pregnene-3 beta,20-diol. They also were isolated from male and female meconium fluid (of 16-day-old pupae) following injection of [14C]cholesterol into 14-day-old pupae.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lozano
- Insect and Nematode Hormone Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705
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Paesen G, De Loof A. The Presence of a Progesterone Binding Protein in Spermathecae of the Migratory Locust,Locusta migratoria migratorioidesR. & F. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1080/01688170.1988.10510384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Paesen G, Novak F, Swevers L, De Clerck D, De Loof A. The presence of a pregnenolone-binding factor in the copulatory organ of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria migratorioides R. & F. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1988; 72:402-7. [PMID: 3240850 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(88)90162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The presence of binding sites for nonecdysteroid steroids was investigated in the cytosol of several tissues of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria migratorioides. Binding of androgens was not observed. Most tissues, however, showed nonsaturable binding of estrogens and in some tissues saturable progestin binding could be demonstrated. A pregnenolone binder, that was found to be present in the male copulatory organ, was further studied. It showed a dissociation constant of 4.4 (+/- 1.6) X 10(-8) M. This is the first report of a nonecdysteroid steroid-binding factor in an insect tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Paesen
- Zoological Institute, Leuven, Belgium
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De Clerck D, Diederik H, Paesen G, De Loof A. Identification and quantification of C21 and C19 steroids in the haemolymph of Leptinotarsa decemlineata, a phytophagous insect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(88)90041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Keeley LL, Hayes TK. Speculations on biotechnology applications for insect neuroendocrine research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(87)90031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yocum LB, Denlinger DL, Katlic NE, Brueggemeier RW, Mechoulam R. A developmental profile of estrogen and androgen radioimmunoactive substances in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(87)90087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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De Clerck D, Eechaute W, Leusen I, De Loof A. Study of the metabolism of steroids in larvae of the fleshfly Sarcophaga bullata. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1987; 87:821-6. [PMID: 3665429 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(87)90395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
1. Larvae of the fleshfly Sarcophaga bullata were injected with several 3H C21 and C19 steroids. After different incubation times, the larvae were homogenized and the metabolites were extracted and fractionated by Sephadex LH 20-, paper- and thin-layer chromatography. The chromatographic mobility of the labeled zones was compared with that of standard steroids. 2. Progesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone were metabolized to 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. Androstenedione, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone were converted to testosterone. Transformation of pregnenolone to progesterone or 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone was not observed. 3. C21 or C19 steroid formation from cholesterol could not be demonstrated. 4. Sixteen metabolites, different from all our standard substances have been found. Their structure remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D De Clerck
- Catholic University of Leuven, Zoological Institute, Belgium
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Fujimoto Y, Ikekawa N, Ogiso M, Ohnishi E. Characterization of 17β-estradiol 3-(β-D-glucopyranoside) and 17-(α-D-glucopyranoside) as the metabolites of 17β-estradiol in the cultured ovaries of the silkworm,Bombyx mori. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01946706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ogiso M, Fujimoto Y, Ikekawa N, Ohnishi E. Glucosidation of estradiol-17 beta in the cultured ovaries of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1986; 61:393-401. [PMID: 3082710 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(86)90225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic pathways of estradiol-17 beta and other vertebrate steroid hormones of cultured silkworm pupal ovaries were examined using 14C-labeled steroids. The isolated ovaries showed significant uptake and metabolic activity of the 14C-labeled estradiol-17 beta added to the medium. Analysis of the metabolized compounds by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed extensive metabolic conversion of [14C]estradiol-17 beta and estrone; i.e., estrone was reduced to estradiol-17 beta and estradiol-17 beta was metabolized to conjugates, including estradiol-3-beta-D-glucoside and estradiol-17-alpha-D-glucoside. [14C]Testosterone was not transformed appreciably by the ovaries. Metabolic activity and physiological significance of the vertebrate steroid hormones in the silkworm ovaries are discussed.
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Abstract
Since estradiol has been detected in Bombyx ovaries effects of estradiol and other steroids on the growth and maturation of the silkworm ovary, rate of oviposition, and embryonic development were examined as a part of a study aimed at the clarification of physiological significance of estradiol in insects. These steroids were injected at various doses into the whole pupae and into the isolated pupal abdomens. No significant effect by the injections was observed on the ovarian development, as judged by increase in protein content or wet weight of ovaries and pattern of protein constituents including vitellin. However, rate of oviposition was considerably affected by the injection of estradiol at high doses. No clear effect was observed on embryonic development or determination of diapause by the injection of estradiol into the pupae. Effects of injection of anti-estrogen, nafoxidine, into the isolated abdomens and whole pupae were also examined. No effects were observed on ovarian development by injection. The relationship between physiological significance of the vertebrate steroids and metabolic activity of the ovary is discussed.
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