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Shimizu S, Abbott S, Adamska K, Voelkel A. Quantifying non-specific interactions via liquid chromatography. Analyst 2019; 144:1632-1641. [PMID: 30644458 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02244e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Determinations of solute-cosolute interactions from chromatography have often resulted in problems, such as the "antibinding" (or a negative binding constant) between the solute and micelle in micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) or indeterminacy of salt-ligand binding strength in high-performance affinity chromatography (HPAC). This shows that the stoichiometric binding models adopted in many chromatographic analyses cannot capture the non-specific nature of solvation interactions. In contrast, an approach using statistical thermodynamics handles these complexities without such problems and directly links chromatographic data to, for example, solubility data via a universal framework based on Kirkwood-Buff integrals (KBI) of the radial distribution functions. The chromatographic measurements can now be interpreted within this universal theoretical framework that has been used to rationalize small solute solubility, biomolecular stability, binding, aggregation and gelation. In particular, KBI analysis identifies key solute-cosolute interactions, including excluded volume effects. We present (i) how KBI can be obtained directly from the cosolute concentration dependence of the distribution coefficient, (ii) how the classical binding model, when used solely as a fitting model, can yield the KBIs directly from the literature data, and (iii) how chromatography and solubility measurements can be compared in the unified theoretical framework provided via KBIs without any arbitrary assumptions about the stationary phase. To perform our own analyses on multiple datasets we have used an "app". To aid readers' understanding and to allow analyses of their own datasets, the app is provided with many datasets and is freely available on-line as an open-source resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seishi Shimizu
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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2
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Teitelbaum AM, Flaker AM, Kharasch ED. Development and validation of a high-throughput stereoselective LC-MS/MS assay for bupropion, hydroxybupropion, erythrohydrobupropion, and threohydrobupropion in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1017-1018:101-113. [PMID: 26963497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective analytical method was developed and validated for the quantification of bupropion, and principle metabolites hydroxybupropion, erythrohydrobupropion and threohydrobupropion in human plasma. Separation of individual enantiomers (R)-bupropion, (S)-bupropion, (R,R)-hydroxybupropion, (S,S-hydroxybupropion), (1S,2S)-threohydrobupropion, (1R,2R)-threohydrobupropion, (1R,2S)-erythrohydrobupropion, and (1S,2R)-erythrohydrobupropion was achieved utilizing an α1-acid glycoprotein column within a 12-min run time. Chromatograph separation was significantly influenced by mobile phase pH and variability between columns. Analytes were quantified by positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry following plasma protein precipitation with 20% trichloroacetic acid. Identification of erythrohydrobupropion enantiomer peaks and threohydrobupropion enantiomer peaks was achieved by sodium borohydride reduction of enantiopure (R)- and (S)-bupropion. Initial assay validation and sensitivity determination was on AB Sciex 3200, 4000 QTRAP, and 6500 mass spectrometers. Accuracy and precision were within 15% for each analyte. The assay was fully validated over analyte-specific concentrations using an AB Sciex 3200 mass spectrometer. Intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy were within 12% for each analyte. The limits of quantification for bupropion (R and S), hydroxybupropion (R,R and S,S), threohydrobupropion (1S,2S and 1R,2R), and erythrohydrobupropion (1R,2S and 1S,2R) were 0.5, 2, 1, and 1ng/mL, respectively. All analytes were stable following freeze thaw cycles at -80°C and while stored at 4°C in the instrument autosampler. This method was applicable to clinical pharmacokinetic investigations of bupropion in patients. This is the first chromatographic method to resolve erythrohydrobupropion and threohydrobupropion enantiomers, and the first stereoselective LC-MS/MS assay to quantify bupropion, and principle metabolites hydroxybupropion, erythrohydrobupropion, and threohydrobupropion in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Teitelbaum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Alicia M Flaker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Evan D Kharasch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; The Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
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3
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Bocian S, Skoczylas M, Buszewski B. Amino acids, peptides, and proteins as chemically bonded stationary phases - A review. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:83-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Bocian
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Torun Poland
| | - Magdalena Skoczylas
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Torun Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Torun Poland
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4
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Batra S, Bhushan R. Resolution of enantiomers of bupropion and its metabolites by liquid chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 30:670-82. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee 247667 India
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5
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Singh M, Bhushan R. A modification of a conventional technique for the synthesis of hydrazones of racemic carbonyls: prevention of spontaneous chiral inversion. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19904b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventionally hydrazones and other derivatives of carbonyls are synthesized under acidic conditions when spontaneous chiral inversion is a common problem if the carbonyl compound is chiral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee – 247667
- India
| | - Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee – 247667
- India
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6
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Liquid chromatographic resolution of fendiline and its analogues on a chiral stationary phase based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid. Molecules 2014; 19:21386-97. [PMID: 25532838 PMCID: PMC6271286 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191221386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fendiline, an effective anti-anginal drug for the treatment of coronary heart diseases, and its sixteen analogues were resolved on a CSP based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid. Fendiline was resolved quite well with the separation factor (α) of 1.25 and resolution (RS) of 1.55 when a mobile phase consisting of methanol-acetonitrile-trifluoroacetic acid-triethylamine at a ratio of 80/20/0.1/0.5 (v/v/v/v) was used. The comparison of the chromatographic behaviors for the resolution of fendiline and its analogues indicated that the 3,3-diphenylpropyl group bonded to the secondary amino group of fendiline is important in the chiral recognition and the difference in the steric bulkiness between the phenyl group and the methyl group at the chiral center of fendiline is also important in the chiral recognition.
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7
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Limones-Herrero D, Pérez-Ruiz R, Jiménez MC, Miranda MA. Retarded photooxidation of cyamemazine in biomimetic microenvironments. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 90:1012-6. [PMID: 24954660 DOI: 10.1111/php.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyamemazine (CMZ) is a neuroleptic drug that mediates cutaneous phototoxicity in humans. Here, the photobehavior of CMZ has been examined within α1 -acid glycoproteins, β- and γ-cyclodextrins and SDS micelles. In all these microenvironments, CMZ emission was enhanced and blue-shifted, and its lifetime was longer. Irradiation of the entrapped drug at 355 nm, under air; led to the N,S-dioxide. Within glycoproteins or SDS micelles the reaction was clearly slower than in phosphate buffered solution (PBS); protection by cyclodextrins was less marked. Transient absorption spectroscopy in PBS revealed formation of the triplet state ((3)CMZ*) and the radical cation (CMZ(+•)). Upon addition of glycoprotein, the contribution of CMZ(+•) became negligible, whereas (3)CMZ* dominated the spectra; in addition, the triplet lifetime became considerably longer. In cyclodextrins, this occurred to a lower extent. In all microheterogeneous systems, quenching by oxygen was slower than in solution; this was most remarkable inside glycoproteins. The highest protection from photooxidation was achieved inside SDS micelles. The results are consistent with photooxidation of CMZ through photoionization and subsequent trapping of the resulting radical cation by oxygen. This reaction is extremely sensitive to the medium and constitutes an appropriate probe for localization of the drug within a variety of biological compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Limones-Herrero
- Departamento de Química-Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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8
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Methods for Elucidation of Transformation Pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62657-8.00016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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9
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Lopes P, Kataky R. Chiral interactions of the drug propranolol and α1-acid-glycoprotein at a micro liquid-liquid interface. Anal Chem 2012; 84:2299-304. [PMID: 22250754 DOI: 10.1021/ac2029425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of chiral interactions of drugs with plasma proteins is of fundamental importance for drug efficacy and toxicity studies. In this paper, we demonstrate a simple liquid-liquid interface procedure for investigating chiral interactions. Chiral discrimination of the enantiomers of a basic drug, propranolol, was achieved at a micro liquid-liquid interface, using α(1)-acid-glycoprotein (AGP) as a chiral acute phase plasma protein. When the protein is added to an aqueous phase containing the enantiomers of propranalol hydrochloride, the binding of (S)- and (R)-propranolol hydrochloride to the protein results in a decrease in the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) current responses corresponding to the decrease in transfer of propranolol at an aqueous-1,2-dichloroethane interface. This decrease is a consequence of the complexation of the drug and the protein. The complex drug-protein does not transfer across the interface nor changes the transfer potential of the uncomplexed form of propranolol enantiomers. The bound concentration of propranolol enantiomers in the presence of AGP was found to be greater for (S)-propranolol than (R)-propranolol for solutions containing constant concentrations of AGP (50 μM). Scatchard analysis yielded association constants of 2.7 and 1.3 × 10(5) M(-1) for (S)- and (R)-propranolol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Lopes
- Durham University, Department of Chemistry, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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10
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Berendsen BJ, Essers ML, Stolker L(A, Nielen MW. Quantitative trace analysis of eight chloramphenicol isomers in urine by chiral liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7331-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Simultaneous determination of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone enantiomers in human blood plasma by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 50:905-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Pérez S, Barceló D. Applications of LC-MS to quantitation and evaluation of the environmental fate of chiral drugs and their metabolites. Trends Analyt Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Kubačák P, Mikuš P, Valášková I, Havránek E. Chiral Separation of Alkylamine Antihistamines in Pharmaceuticals by Capillary Isotachophoresis with Charged Cyclodextrin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 33:1199-204. [DOI: 10.1080/03639040701377565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Felix G, Berthod A. Part II: From Dermatologicals to Sensory Organ and Various Drugs. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/15422110701873007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Felix G, Berthod A. Commercial Chiral Stationary Phases for the Separations of Clinical Racemic Drugs. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/15422110701826997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Munro J, Gormley JP, Walker TA. BUPROPION HYDROCHLORIDE: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CHIRAL SEPARATION USING A CHIRAL AGP COLUMN. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100001337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Munro
- a Preformulation Department , Geneva Pharmaceuticals Inc. , 2655 W. Midway Boulevard, P.O. Box 446, Broomfield, CO, 80038-0446, U.S.A
| | - J. Peter Gormley
- a Preformulation Department , Geneva Pharmaceuticals Inc. , 2655 W. Midway Boulevard, P.O. Box 446, Broomfield, CO, 80038-0446, U.S.A
| | - Thomas A. Walker
- b Preformulation Department , Geneva Pharmaceuticals Inc. , 2655 W. Midway Boulevard, P.O. Box 446, Broomfield, CO, 80038-0446, U.S.A
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17
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Lehotay J, Hrobonová K, Čizmárik J, Renèová M, Armstrong DW. MODIFICATION OF THE CHIRAL BONDING PROPERTIES OF TEICOPLANIN CHIRAL STATIONARY PHASE BY ORGANIC ADDITIVES. HPLC SEPARATION OF ENANTIOMERS OF ALKOXYSUBSTITUTED ESTERS OF PHENYLCARBAMIC ACID. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100103398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Lehotay
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology , Slovak University of Technology , Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - K. Hrobonová
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology , Slovak University of Technology , Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - J. Čizmárik
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Comenius University , Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M. Renèová
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Comenius University , Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - D. W. Armstrong
- c Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri-Rolla , Rolla, MO, 65401, U.S.A
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Mallik R, Xuan H, Hage DS. Development of an affinity silica monolith containing alpha1-acid glycoprotein for chiral separations. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1149:294-304. [PMID: 17408678 PMCID: PMC2043356 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2007] [Revised: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An affinity monolith based on silica and containing immobilized alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP) was developed and evaluated in terms of its binding, efficiency and selectivity in chiral separations. The results were compared with data obtained for the same protein when used as a chiral stationary phase with HPLC-grade silica particles or monoliths based on a copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA). The surface coverage of AGP in the silica monolith was 18% higher than that obtained with silica particles and 61% higher than that measured for a GMA/EDMA monolith. The higher surface area of the silica monolith gave materials that contained 1.5- to 3.6-times more immobilized protein per unit volume when compared to silica particles or a GMA/EDMA monolith. The retention, efficiency and resolving power of the AGP silica monolith were evaluated by injecting two chiral analytes onto this column (i.e., R/S-warfarin and R/S-propranolol). In each case, the AGP silica monolith gave higher retention plus better resolution and efficiency than AGP columns containing silica particles or a GMA/EDMA monolith. The AGP silica monolith also gave lower back pressures and separation impedances than these other materials. It was concluded that silica monoliths can be valuable alternatives to silica particles or GMA/EDMA monoliths when used with AGP as a chiral stationary phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangan Mallik
- Chemistry Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304 (USA)
| | - Hai Xuan
- Chemistry Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304 (USA)
| | - David S. Hage
- Chemistry Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304 (USA)
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Zhang Y, Hidajat K, Ray AK. Enantio-separation of racemic pindolol on α1-acid glycoprotein chiral stationary phase by SMB and Varicol. Chem Eng Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2006.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Walker TA. THE CHIRAL SEPARATION OF OXYBUTYNIN ENANTIOMERS USING AN OVOMUCOID COLUMN. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100101493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Walker
- a Analytical Development, Geneva Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 2655 W. Midway Boulevard, P.O Box 446, Broomfield, CO, 80038-0446, U.S.A
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Dungelová J, Lehotay J, Cizmarik J, Armstrong DW. Study of the Mechanism of Enantioseparation. IV. Study of Enantioseparation of Some Derivatives of Phenylcarbamic Acid Using π‐Complex Stationary Phase in HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120023250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Dungelová
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology Technology , Slovak University of Technology , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - J. Lehotay
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology Technology , Slovak University of Technology , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - J. Cizmarik
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Comenius University , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - D. W. Armstrong
- c Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa , USA
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Thompson R, Prasad V, Grinberg N, Ellison D, Wyvratt J. MECHANISTIC ASPECTS OF THE STEREOSPECIFIC INTERACTIONS OF IMMOBILIZED α1-ACID GLYCOPROTEIN. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100103412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Thompson
- a Merck Research Laboratories , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, NJ, 07065, U.S.A
| | - V. Prasad
- a Merck Research Laboratories , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, NJ, 07065, U.S.A
| | - N. Grinberg
- a Merck Research Laboratories , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, NJ, 07065, U.S.A
| | - D. Ellison
- a Merck Research Laboratories , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, NJ, 07065, U.S.A
| | - J. Wyvratt
- a Merck Research Laboratories , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, NJ, 07065, U.S.A
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Hrobonova K, Lehotay J, Cizmarik J, Rencova M, Armstrong DW. STUDY OF MECHANISM OF ENANTIOSEPARATION. II. HPLC CHIRAL ANALYSIS OF ALKOXYSUBSTITUTED ESTERS OF PHENYLCARBAMIC ACID. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120005868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Hrobonova
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology , Slovak Technical University , Radlinskeho 9, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovak Republic
| | - Jozef Lehotay
- b Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology , Slovak Technical University , Radlinskeho 9, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovak Republic
| | - Jozef Cizmarik
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Comenius University , Odbojarov 10, Bratislava, 832 32, Slovak Republic
| | - Milada Rencova
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Comenius University , Odbojarov 10, Bratislava, 832 32, Slovak Republic
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- d Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Gilman Hall, Ames, IA, 50011-3111, U.S.A
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Rojkovicová T, Lehotay J, Dungelová J, Cizmárik J, Armstrong DW. STUDY OF MECHANISM OF ENANTIOSEPARATION. III. THE INFLUENCE OF CARBOHYDRATE MOIETIES OF TEICOPLANIN-BONDED CHIRAL STATIONARY PHASE ON THE SEPARATION OF SOME DERIVATES OF PHENYLCARBAMIC ACID. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120014945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Rojkovicová
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology , Slovak University of Technology , Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - J. Lehotay
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology , Slovak University of Technology , Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - J. Dungelová
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology , Slovak University of Technology , Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - J. Cizmárik
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy , Comenius University , Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - D. W. Armstrong
- c Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Gilman Hall, Ames, IA, 50011-3111, U.S.A
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Ïungelová J, Lehotay J, Hrobonová K, Cizmárik J, Armstrong DW. STUDY OF LOCAL ANAESTHETICS. CLVIII. CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF SOME DERIVATIVES OF SUBSTITUTED PHENYLCARBAMIC ACID ON A VANCOMYCIN-BASED STATIONARY PHASE. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100108747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Ïungelová
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology , Slovak University of Technology , Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - J. Lehotay
- b Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology , Slovak University of Technology , Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - K. Hrobonová
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology , Slovak University of Technology , Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - J. Cizmárik
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Comenius University , Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - D. W. Armstrong
- d Department of Chemistry, Gilman Hall , Iowa State University , Ames, IA, 50011-3111, U.S.A
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26
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André C, Thomassin M, Robert JF, Guillaume YC. Chromatographic Framework to Determine the Enantiomer Binding Mechanism on Pepsin Protein Surface. Chromatographia 2005. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-005-0551-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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27
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Dungelová J, Lehotay J, Krupcík J, Cizmárik J, Armstrong DW. Study of the mechanism of enantioseparation Part VI: Thermodynamic study of HPLC separation of some enantiomers of phenylcarbamic acid derivatives on a (S,S) Whelk-O 1 column. J Sep Sci 2004; 27:983-90. [PMID: 15352716 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200301591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomers of thirteen 2-, 3-, and 4-alkoxyphenylcarbamic acid 2-methoxy-1-[(4-methylpiperazino)methyl]ethyl ester were separated on a (S,S) Whelk-O 1 CSP column isothermally in the range of 0-50 degrees C at 10 degrees C increments, using methanol/ water (90/10, v/v) containing 17.5 mmol L(-1) acetic acid and 14.36 mmol L(-1) triethylamine as a mobile phase. The dependence of the natural logarithms of retention and selectivity factors (In k, In alpha, respectively) on the inverse of temperature, 1/T, was used to determine thermodynamic data of enantiomers of alkoxysubstituted phenylcarbamic acid 2-methoxy-1-[(4-methylpiperazino) methyl]ethyl esters. Enthalpyentropy compensation plots showed that all of the compounds in this study separate via the same enthalpy-driven chiral recognition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Dungelová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
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28
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Millot MC. Separation of drug enantiomers by liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, using immobilized proteins as chiral selectors. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 797:131-59. [PMID: 14630147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Proteins display interesting chiral discrimination properties owing to multiple possibilities of intermolecular interactions with chiral compounds. This review deals with proteins which have been used as immobilized chiral selectors for the enantioseparation of drugs in liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. The main procedures allowing the immobilization of proteins onto matrices, such as silica and zirconia particles, membranes and capillaries are first presented. Then the factors affecting the enantioseparation of drugs in liquid chromatography, using various protein-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs), are reviewed and discussed. Last, chiral separations already achieved using immobilized protein selectors in affinity capillary electrochromatography (ACEC) are presented and compared in terms of efficiency, stability and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Millot
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Polymères, CNRS-Université Paris 12, UMR 7581, 2 à 8 rue Henri Dunant, Thiais 94320, France.
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29
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Effect of sodium chloride on herbicide-fluorinated stationary phase association-Evidence of a dual mechanism. Chromatographia 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02491764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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André C, Ismaili L, Thomassin M, Millet J, Nicod L, Robert JF, Guillaume YC. Chromatographic framework for analysing lithium perchlorate salt dependence on solute binding mechanisms to porous graphitic carbon surfaces. Chromatographia 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02491756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Streel B, Lainé C, Zimmer C, Sibenaler R, Ceccato A. Enantiomeric determination of amlodipine in human plasma by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2002; 54:357-68. [PMID: 12543511 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(02)00133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive method for the separation and determination of amlodipine enantiomers in plasma has been developed based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) with disposable extraction cartridges (DECs) in combination with chiral liquid chromatography (LC). The SPE technique is used to isolate the drug from the biological matrix and to prepare a cleaner sample before injection and analysis by HPLC coupled to mass spectrometry. The DEC is filled with ethyl silica (50 mg) and is first conditioned with a 2.5% ammonia in methanol solution and then with ammonium acetate buffer. A 1.0-ml volume of plasma is then applied on the DEC. The washing step is first performed with ammonium acetate buffer and secondly with a mixture of water and methanol (65:35, v/v), while the final elution step is obtained by dispensing methanol containing 2.5% of ammonia. The eluate is then collected and evaporated to dryness before being dissolved in the LC mobile phase and injected into the LC system. The stereoselective analysis of amlodipine is achieved on a Chiral AGP column containing alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein as chiral selector by using a mobile phase consisting of a 10-mM acetate buffer (pH 4.5) and 1-propanol (99:1, v/v). The LC system is coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with an APCI interface in the positive-ion mode. The chromatographed analytes are detected in the selected reaction monitoring mode (SRM). The MS/MS ion transitions monitored are 409 to 238 for amlodipine, and 260 to 116 for S-(-)-propranolol used as internal standard (IS). The method was validated considering different parameters, such as linearity, precision and accuracy. The limit of quantitation was found to be 0.1 ng/ml for each amlodipine enantiomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Streel
- Galephar MF, 39 rue du Parc Industriel, B-6900 Marche-en-Famenne, Belgium
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32
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Machtejevas E, Maruška A. A new approach to human serum albumin chiral stationary phase synthesis and its use in capillary liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography. J Sep Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1615-9314(20021101)25:15/17<1303::aid-jssc1303>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Hrobonová K, Lehotay J, Cizmárik J, Armstrong DW. In vitro study of enzymatic hydrolysis of diperodon enantiomers in blood serum by two-dimensional LC. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 30:875-80. [PMID: 12367714 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An on-line coupled HPLC system is described for the determination of the enantiomers of diperodon in blood serum. The method involves three steps: (i) off-line preconcentration and clean-up, (ii) separation of the diperodon enantiomers from the matrix components on a reversed-phase stationary phase, and (iii) separation of the racemate from the reversed-phase column on a teicoplanin chiral stationary phase. The method is suitable for simultaneous determination of both enantiomers in serum up to 0.5 microg/ml. The degradation of diperodon enantiomers was studied in serum by an in vitro method and the experimental rate constants were determined. The enantiomeric hydrolysis rates and half-lives for diperodon in serum are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hrobonová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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34
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Velmurugan T, Ching CB, Ng SC, Bai ZW, Ong TT. Optimization of the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of the enantimers of a cationic chiral drug (tolperisone) on a heptakis(6-azido-6-deoxy) perphenylcarbamated β-cyclodextrin column. Chromatographia 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02493217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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35
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Götmar G, Albareda NR, Fomstedt T. Investigation of the heterogeneous adsorption behavior of selected enantiomers on immobilized alpha1-acid glycoprotein. Anal Chem 2002; 74:2950-9. [PMID: 12141652 DOI: 10.1021/ac011182y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A complete census was made of the interactions between enantiomeric solutes and the chiral protein column CHIRAL-AGP with the theory of nonlinear LC as tool. The surface is heterogeneous, having a small number of strong enantioselective adsorption sites and a large number of weak nonselective ones. When the eluent pH was increased, the "linear" retention of (i) the amines increased strongly as a result of a strong increase in the enantioselective binding strength, whereas (ii) the retention of the aprot increased slightly as a result of an increase in both the enantioselective binding strength and its capacity. The retention of (iii) the acid has a maximum originating solely from the enantioselective binding energy, whereas the nonselective equilibria decreased steadily. For all compounds, the enantioselective equilibrium constants increase relatively more than the nonselective ones with increasing pH.
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36
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Song S, Zhou L, Thompson R, Yang M, Ellison D, Wyvratt JM. Comparison of capillary electrophoresis and reversed-phase liquid chromatography for determination of the enantiomeric purity of an M3 antagonist. J Chromatogr A 2002; 959:299-308. [PMID: 12141556 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The chiral separation of an M3 antagonist was investigated using capillary electrophoresis (CE) with various sulfated cyclodextrins and by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with derivatized cellulose, derivatized amylose, and two protein stationary phases. Operational parameters for each technique, such as the concentration of the chiral selectors, background electrolyte (or mobile phase) pH and type, organic modifiers, injection mode and temperature were varied in order to achieve a desired elution order and to meet a 0.1% limit of quantitation (LOQ) criteria. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, a practical CE method using sulfated gamma-cyclodextrin was selected. The method was validated in terms of linearity, LOQ, accuracy, ruggedness and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Song
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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37
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Ohman D, Norlander B, Peterson C, Bengtsson F. Simultaneous determination of reboxetine and O-desethylreboxetine enantiomers using enantioselective reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2002; 947:247-54. [PMID: 11883658 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Current knowledge of stereoselective pharmacokinetics and different potencies of drug enantiomers requires the performance of stereoselective analysis during therapeutic drug monitoring in clinical practice. However, in the case of the new antidepressant drug reboxetine, no effort has been made so far to find a such a suitable system. Therefore, as a step towards developing an enantioselective bioanalytical method for reboxetine and the O-desethylreboxetine metabolite, three stereoselective chromatographic approaches have been investigated. Several chiral columns were tested, among them Chiral-AGP, ChiraGrom 2 and Chiral-CBH, which were able to simultaneously separate the two compounds into enantiomers in total running times of 28, 18 and 12 min, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ohman
- Department of Medicine and Care, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
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38
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Slama I, Ravelet C, Grosset C, Ravel A, Villet A, Nicolle E, Peyrin E. A framework based on the extended Wyman concept for analyzing the salt effects on the solute retention in high-performance affinity chromatography. Anal Chem 2002; 74:282-7. [PMID: 11795807 DOI: 10.1021/ac010696u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of binding data of a ligand to a macromolecule in the presence of an additive can be classically formulated in terms of the linked functions of Wyman. In the case of a salt, this approach has been extended by Tanford such that the contributions of both salt and water are taken into account. In this paper, the extended Wyman theory was applied to high-performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) in order to define a general model describing the effects of the mobile-phase salts on the ligand binding. Various HPAC literature data, as well as our data concerning dansyl amino acid retention on a vancomycin stationary phase, were examined in relation to this model. From the results, this theoretical approach was considered to be adequate to describe accurately the salt dependence on solute retention. This work shows the importance of taking into account the effects of both ionic species and water in the investigation of relative contributions of the interactions involved in the ligand binding to immobilized receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Slama
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, UFR de Pharmacie de Grenoble, UJF, Domaine de la Merci, La Tronche, France
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39
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Kim KH, Lee JH, Ko MY, Hong SP, Youm JR. Chiral separation of beta-blockers after derivatization with (-)-alphamethoxy-alpha-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetyl chloride by gas chromatography. Arch Pharm Res 2001; 24:402-6. [PMID: 11693539 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gas chromatographic method was investigated for the chiral separation of several beta-blockers(atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol and pindolol) using (-)-alpha-methoxy-alpha-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetyl chloride as a chiral derivatizing agent for amino group. Prior to N-acylation, hydroxyl group was converted into O-silyl ethers by react with N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide. The reaction was selective and rapid and the diastereomeric derivatives were well separated by capillary gas chromatography. (R)-isomers were eluted faster than (S)-isomers when (-)-alpha-methoxy-alpha-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetyl chloride was used as the chiral derivatizing agent. But in the opposite sequence when (+)-alpha-methoxy-alpha-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetyl chloride was used. No racemization was found during the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Korea.
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40
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Munro JS, Walker TA. Bupropion hydrochloride: the development of a chiral separation using an ovomucoid column. J Chromatogr A 2001; 913:275-82. [PMID: 11355823 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The separation of bupropion enantiomers on an ovomucoid stationary phase was investigated. The mobile- and stationary-phase parameters that may influence the separation were identified. The parameters that were studied include: type and concentration of organic modifier, mobile phase pH, ionic strength, type of buffer, and column temperature, as well as the effect that the amount of sample injected had on the separation. The optimized chiral separation baseline-resolved the enantiomers in less than 10 min. Calibration curves for a standard were linear over a range of 0.27-53.0 microg/g (ppm) with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 for both enantiomers. A detection limit of 0.13 microg/g and a quantitation limit of 0.27 microg/g were also found. The system precision of the method was 0.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Munro
- Atrix Laboratories, Fort Collins, CO 80525-4417, USA
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41
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Abstract
An extensive study of the behavior of three chiral stationary phases (CSP) is presented for the stereoselective determination of methadone. The following chromatographic columns were selected: a cellulose, Chiralcel OJ; a modified cyclodextrin. Cyclobond I 2000 RSP, and a protein, Chiral-AGP. Retention factors, enantioselectivity, efficiency, and resolution were tested by modifying the composition of the mobile phase as well as the temperature. The mechanism for the chiral recognition of methadone on each support was discussed. Optimal chromatographic parameters were obtained for the three supports tested, and methadone enantiomers were separated in less than 20 minutes. The cellulose-based column gave the best resolution, but this CSP was not adapted to clinical analyses of methadone. Under optimized conditions, the cyclodextrin- and protein-based columns allowed an excellent separation of methadone enantiomers, but no interference with the primary metabolite was found only with Chiral-AGP.
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42
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Kim KH, Shin SD, Lee JH, Lee SC, Kang JS, Mar W, Hong SP, Kim HJ. Chiral separation of the enantiomers of metoprolol and its metabolites by high performance liquid chromatography. Arch Pharm Res 2000; 23:230-6. [PMID: 10896053 DOI: 10.1007/bf02976450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
(1'R, 2R)-, (1'R, 2S)-, (1'S, 2R)- and (1'S, 2S)-alpha-hydroxymetoprolol; (2R)- and (2S)-O-desmethylmetoprolol; and (2R)- and (2S)-metoprolol acid are major metabolites of (2R)-and (2S)-metoprolol, beta-adrenergic antagonist. The focus of most chiral separation methods until now has been on determination of the enantiomeric parent drug. However, it is just as important to be able to follow the metabolism of the enantiomers and their possible chiral metabolites. Therefore, for the study of stereoselective metabolism and pharmacokinetics of metoprolol, the chiral separation of the enantiomers of metoprolol and its metabolites has been investigated using four chiral stationary phases, i.e., Chiralcel OD, Chiral-AGP, Cyclobond I and Sumichiral OA-4900 columns. Metoprolol acid was resolved only by Sumichiral OA-4900. Chiralcel OD provided the highest separation factor and resolution value for metoprolol and O-desmethylmetoprolol and partially resolved the four stereoisomers of alpha-hydroxymetoprolol. Diastereomeric alpha-hydroxymetoprolols were resolved using the coupled column chromatographic system of two chiral stationary phases, Sumichiral OA-4900 column and Chiralcel OD column.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea.
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43
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Hedeland M, Holmin S, Nygård M, Pettersson C. Chromatographic evaluation of structure selective and enantioselective retention of amines and acids on cellobiohydrolase I wild type and its mutant D214N. J Chromatogr A 1999; 864:1-16. [PMID: 10630866 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of structure selective and enantioselective retentions of amines and acids on two chiral stationary phases based on wild type cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I) and its mutant D214N have been investigated. All the amino alcohols tested had an enantioselective site that overlaps with the catalytically active site of CBH I, whereas the enantioselectivity of prilocaine was not affected by the mutation. The hydroxyl group of the amino alcohols did not seem to be an important contributor to the total binding strength whereas a bromo substituent in the aromatic ring promotes a high enantioselectivity (alpha=7.05). Interestingly, the chiral recognition site of the acid warfarin overlaps with the binding site of the amino alcohols. Di-p-toluoyltartaric acid and dibenzoyltartaric acid were strongly retained probably due to electrostatic attraction, but no enantioselectivity was observed. The difference in retention characteristics for the amino alcohols on the two stationary phases was strongly pH-dependent. A change in elution order of different amino alcohols occurred when changing the pH from 5.0 to 7.0. The difference between the two phases was lower at low pH. The retention times could also be affected by ionic strength and by use of cellobiose as a mobile phase additive but no indication of ion-pair retention of the amines was observed, when adding hexanesulphonate as counter ion to the mobile phase. The temperature dependence of the retention of the enantiomers of propranolol at pH 7.0 on the mutant D214N was similar to what was earlier observed on the wild type CBH I at lower pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hedeland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemnistry, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Sweden
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44
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Kim KH, Choi PW, Hong SP, Kim HJ. Chiral separation of beta-blockers after derivatization with (-)-menthyl chloroformate by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Arch Pharm Res 1999; 22:608-13. [PMID: 10615867 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Optimum conditions of chiral derivatization reaction of beta-blockers acebutolol, arotinolol, beta-xolol, bisoprolol, celiprolol, metoprolol and pindolol) with (-)-menthyl chloroformate were investigated for the resolution by HPLC. With more than 30 times molar excess of (-)-menthyl chloroformate chiral derivatization reactions were completed within one hour at room temperature except arotinolol and celiprolol. Diastereomeric derivatives of beta-blockers were well resolved on the ODS column using acetonitrile-methanol-water as a mobile phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea.
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45
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Kim KH, Choi PW, Hong SP, Kim HJ. Chiral purity test of metoprolol enantiomer after derivatization with (-)-menthyl chloroformate by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Arch Pharm Res 1999; 22:614-8. [PMID: 10615868 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed to determine the optical purity of metoprolol enantiomers. The enantiomers were converted to diastereomeric derivatives using (-)-menthyl chloroformate reagent. Separation of the enantiomers as diastereomers was achieved by reversed-phase HPLC within 30 min using Inertsil C8 column. This method allowed determination of 0.05% of either enantiomer in the presence of its stereoisomer and method validation showed adequate linearity over the required range. Owing to the reaction condition during the derivatization with (-)-menthyl chloroformate, the possibility of racemization had to be established. Different ratios of (S)-(-)-metoprolol and (R)-(+)-metoprolol were prepared. Enantiomeric separation of these mixtures took place on a chiralcel OD column or, after derivatization with (-)-menthyl chloroformate, on a C8 column. The results from the these two independent separation systems were compared with trace racemization and were in very good agreement. No racemization was found during the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea.
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46
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Fulde K, Frahm AW. Temperature-induced inversion of elution order in the enantioseparation of sotalol on a cellobiohydrolase I-based stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 1999; 858:33-43. [PMID: 10544889 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00798-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of temperature on the resolution of (RS)-sotalol by immobilized cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I) was studied between 5 and 40 degrees C and Van 't Hoff plots of ln k versus 1/T were acquired at different pH values of the aqueous mobile phase and in the presence of varying organic cosolvents. The elution order of the enantiomers reverses in the range between 17 and 28 degrees C. Beyond this range, enantioseparations with comparatively high resolution factors are achieved either by decreasing or by increasing the temperature. The composition of the mobile phase influences the "crossover" temperature as well as the character of the global adsorption process of the (R)-(-)-enantiomer. Under certain conditions, (R)-(-)-sotalol exhibits an unusual endothermic adsorption behavior. Its retention time increases with increasing temperature. At room temperature (23 degrees C) the enantiomeric elution order can also be regulated by the solvent additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fulde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Germany
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47
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Use of immobilized amyloglucosidase as chiral selector in chromatography. Control of enantioselective retention and resolution in liquid chromatography. Chromatographia 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02490654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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48
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Félix G, Descorps V. Stereochemical resolution of racemates, in HPLC, using a chiral stationary phase based upon immobilized α-chymotrypsin. I. Structural chiral separations. Chromatographia 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02466900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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49
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Stereoselective analysis of idrapril and its stereoisomers by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a chiral-AGP column. Chromatographia 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02466904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Abstract
The chromatographic and electrophoretic enantiomeric separation and analysis of several clinically used cardiovascular drugs have been reviewed. Several examples of recently reported applications of enantioselective analysis and various cardiovascular agents are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bojarski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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