Determination of ipriflavone and its synthetic impurities by high-performance liquid chromatography using diode-array detection

Development of chromatographic methods to determine multivitamins formulation depending on their solubility and polarity: comparative study using three greenness assessment tools

High performance liquid chromatography is one of the techniques of choice for the separation and quantitative determination of drugs in mixture form. Ipriflavone, ascorbic acid, pyridoxine, vitamin D3, and lysine are formulated together as an adjuvant combination in osteoporosis. In this work, we developed and validated two complementary high performance liquid chromatographic methods to determine the five compounds in their pharmaceutical dosage form. The first method (method A) was capable of determining ipriflavone, ascorbic acid, pyridoxine, and vitamin D3 in their bulk and combined pharmaceutical formulation. The method is based on Liquid Chromatographic separation with UV detection at 254 nm using Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of 25 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 4.2): methanol in gradient mode. Due to the high polarity of lysine, it was difficult to achieve satisfactory retention on reversed phase columns. So, we separated it on a strong cation exchange column (Exsil 100 SCX) without derivatization with a mobile phase consisting of 10 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 200 mM sodium chloride (pH 6) with UV detection at 210 nm (method B). Validation of the proposed methods was performed according to ICH guidelines Q2(R1). The proposed methods proved to be valid for selective analysis of the stated drugs in their bulk and combined pharmaceutical formulation. Greenness assessment of the developed methods was evaluated using three assessment tools: ESA, GAPI and the most recently developed tool AGREE, showing a satisfactory comprehensive guide of the greenness of the developed methods.

An overview of the recent trends in development of HPLC methods for determination of impurities in drugs

An extensive survey of the literature published in various analytical and pharmaceutical chemistry related journals has been conducted and the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods which were developed and used for determination of process-related impurities in drugs have been reviewed. This review covers the time period from 1995 to 2001 during which around 450 analytical methods including all types of chromatographic and hyphenated techniques were reported. HPLC with UV detection was found to be the technique of choice for many workers and more than 200 methods were developed using LC-UV alone. A critical analysis of the reported data has been carried out and the present state-of-art of HPLC for determination of impurities of analgesic, antibiotic, anti-viral, anti-hypertensive, anti-depressant, gastro-intestinal and anti-neoplastic agents has been discussed.