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Grosjean H, Droogmans L, Roovers M, Keith G. Detection of enzymatic activity of transfer RNA modification enzymes using radiolabeled tRNA substrates. Methods Enzymol 2007; 425:55-101. [PMID: 17673079 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(07)25003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The presence of modified ribonucleotides derived from adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, and uridine is a hallmark of almost all cellular RNA, and especially tRNA. The objective of this chapter is to describe a few simple methods that can be used to identify the presence or absence of a modified nucleotide in tRNA and to reveal the enzymatic activity of particular tRNA-modifying enzymes in vitro and in vivo. The procedures are based on analysis of prelabeled or postlabeled nucleotides (mainly with [(32)P] but also with [(35)S], [(14)C] or [(3)H]) generated after complete digestion with selected nucleases of modified tRNA isolated from cells or incubated in vitro with modifying enzyme(s). Nucleotides of the tRNA digests are separated by two-dimensional (2D) thin-layer chromatography on cellulose plates (TLC), which allows establishment of base composition and identification of the nearest neighbor nucleotide of a given modified nucleotide in the tRNA sequence. This chapter provides useful maps for identification of migration of approximately 70 modified nucleotides on TLC plates by use of two different chromatographic systems. The methods require only a few micrograms of purified tRNA and can be run at low cost in any laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Grosjean
- Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
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ABELSON J, GEFTER M, BARNETT L, LANDY A, RUSSELL R, SMITH J. Mutant Tyrosine Transfer Ribonucleic Acids. Mol Biol 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-131200-8.50030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Majumder HK, ADhya S, Maitra U. Generation of bacteriophage T3 mRNAs by post-transcriptional processing by RNase III. J Biosci 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02704666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lawrence NP, Altman S. Site-directed mutagenesis of M1 RNA, the RNA subunit of Escherichia coli ribonuclease P. The effects of an addition and small deletions on catalytic function. J Mol Biol 1986; 191:163-75. [PMID: 2433455 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(86)90253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
One addition mutation and several small deletion mutations have been created in vitro at a unique site in the gene coding for M1 RNA, the RNA subunit of Escherichia coli RNase P. The mutant genes exhibit a wide range of efficiencies in complementing another mutant that is thermosensitive for RNase P function in vivo. The transcripts of the mutated genes cleave a precursor tRNA in vitro with efficiencies that parallel their ability to function in the complementation assay in vivo. The secondary structures in solution of the mutant gene transcripts are shown to be different from the parent molecule by probing the structure of the transcripts with ribonuclease T1. A local region of secondary structure, between nucleotides 275 and 295, must be maintained for normal function of M1 RNA.
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Sullivan MA, Bock RM. Isolation and characterization of antisuppressor mutations in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 1985; 161:377-84. [PMID: 3918006 PMCID: PMC214882 DOI: 10.1128/jb.161.1.377-384.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsense mutations in lacI have been shown to be useful as indicators of the efficiency of nonsense suppression. From strains containing supE and a lacI nonsense mutation, selection for LacI- mutants has resulted in the isolation of four antisuppressor mutations. Tn10 insertions linked to these mutations were isolated and used to group the four mutations into three loci. The asuA1 and asuA2 mutations are linked to trp, reduce suppression by supE approximately twofold, and affect a variety of suppressors. The asuB3 mutation was mapped by P1 cotransduction to rpsL but does not confer resistance to streptomycin. The asuC4 mutation reduced suppression by supE by 95% and was shown biochemically to result in the loss of two pseudouridine modifications from the 3' side of the anticodon stem and loop of tRNA2Gln. This mutation is linked to purF, suggesting that it is a new allele of hisT.
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Stark MJ, Gregory RJ, Gourse RL, Thurlow DL, Zwieb C, Zimmermann RA, Dahlberg AE. Effects of site-directed mutations in the central domain of 16 S ribosomal RNA upon ribosomal protein binding, RNA processing and 30 S subunit assembly. J Mol Biol 1984; 178:303-22. [PMID: 6208367 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(84)90146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Using a multicopy plasmid encoding the Escherichia coli rrnB ribosomal RNA operon and the techniques of in vitro site-directed mutagenesis, we have introduced several small alterations into the central domain of 16 S rRNA, which encompasses nucleotides 560 to 890. Four of the rRNAs studied contained deletions and one contained an insertion. The altered small ribosomal subunit rRNAs were used to investigate relationships among 16 S rRNA processing, protein-16 S rRNA interactions and assembly of the 30 S ribosomal subunit. Analysis of plasmid-coded transcripts from maxicells revealed that products from wild-type 16 S rRNA genes were fully processed and assembled into mature 30 S subunits. Under the same conditions, the processing and assembly of transcripts derived from the mutant plasmids were severely impaired. In some instances, the mutations completely blocked both processes, while in other cases rRNA maturation and ribosome assembly were retarded, but not eliminated completely. In all cases, the mutations led to the accumulation of the 17 S precursor to 16 S rRNA. The mutant 17 S rRNAs were purified and incubated with various combinations of E. coli ribosomal proteins S6, S8, S15 and S18, which are known to bind to the central domain of 16 S rRNA. Ribonuclease digestion of the resulting protein-17 S rRNA complexes and fractionation of the products permitted detection of three distinct protein-RNA fragment complexes which contained S8, S8 + S15, or S6 + S8 + S15 + S18. Whereas wild-type 17 S rRNA was able to form all three of these complexes, deletion of nucleotides 693 to 721 or 822 to 874 abolished the interaction of S6 and S18, and removal of nucleotides 659 to 718 prevented the binding of S6, S15 and S18. In contrast, elimination of residue 614, or the presence of a 16-base insertion between nucleotides 614 and 615, had no significant effect on the binding of any of the four proteins tested. Together, our results demonstrate that 16 S rRNA maturation and 30 S subunit assembly are tightly coupled, and show that, in at least some cases, defects in these processes can be correlated with the inability of particular ribosomal proteins to associate with altered rRNA molecules. Moreover, we have confirmed the essentiality of certain rRNA sequences for the formation and/or stabilization of these protein-rRNA interactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Abstract
The genetic maps of bacteriophage lambda and lambdoid phage phi 80 are compared. The gene organization of phi 80 is very similar to that of lambda, as shown by isolation and characterization of many am, ts and c (clear) mutants of the phage. In general, the essential genes located in the same position on the genetic map of the phages lambda and phi 80 fulfill the same functions. These include the gene clusters coding for the head and tail proteins, genes for DNA synthesis, and the genes controlling lysogeny and late gene expression. The specific regulatory features of phi 80 in relation to the N function of lambda are discussed, but they require further clarification. The two phages differ in immunity specificity, host range, conversion property and temperature sensitivity.
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Ribosome structure. Localization of 7-methylguanosine in the small subunits of Escherichia coli and chloroplast ribosomes by immunoelectron microscopy. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)34145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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9
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Politz SM, Glitz DG. Magnesium-dependent interaction of 30S ribosomal subunits with antibodies to N6, N6-dimethyladenosine. Biochemistry 1980; 19:3786-91. [PMID: 6996711 DOI: 10.1021/bi00557a021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The modified nucleoside N6, N6-dimethyladenosine occurs in Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA only in two successive positions near its 3' end. Antibodies directed against dimethyladenosine were induced with a nucleoside-albumin conjugate. As measured by second antibody precipitation of immune complexes, antidimethyladenosine antibodies bound 30S ribosomal subunits, ribosomal core particles, and ribosomal RNA which contain dimethyladenosine but showed little cross-reactivity with RNA or ribosomal subunits from a kasugamycin-resistant mutant which lacks dimethyladenosine. Antibody binding to ribosomal subunits was strongly influenced by the concentration of magnesium ion in the reaction medium and by the prior treatment of the subunits. Functionally active 30S subunits showed a striking binding optimum at 2-4 mM Mg2+; this optimum disappeared if the subunits were inactivated by dialysis against low concentrations of magnesium ion. Instead, the inactivated subunits showed a gradual increase in antibody binding as the magnesium ion concentration was raised to 20 mM; binding of 16S ribosomal RNA or subribosomal core particles from 30S subunits gave qualitatively similar curves, with no evidence of a low [Mg2+] optimum. The stability of antibody-subunit complexes was also found to depend upon subunit conformation and magnesium ion concentration; the half-life of an inactivated subunit-antibody complex (15 mM Mg2+) averaged 130 min, while active subunit-antibody complexes (3 mM Mg2+) had an average half-life of 70 min. More of the immune complexes with inactivated subunits were found to survive sucrose gradient sedimentation (relative to active subunits), and the concentration of subunits needed to halve antibody binding of [3H]-N6, N6-dimethyladenosine was lower with inactivated subunits. The results suggest that the antibody binding optimum seen with active subunits at 2-4 mM Mg2+ represents a dynamic aspect of the three-dimensional ribosomal subunit structure; a site near the 3' end of the RNA is involved, and both the availability of the modified nucleoside to an antibody probe and the stability of the resulting complexes are involved.
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Stellwag EJ, Dahlberg AE. Electrophoretic transfer of DNA, RNA and protein onto diazobenzyloxymethyl (DBM) - paper. Nucleic Acids Res 1980; 8:299-317. [PMID: 6158735 PMCID: PMC327268 DOI: 10.1093/nar/8.2.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A method has been developed for the electrophoretic transfer of DNA, RNA, protein and ribonucleoprotein particles from a variety of gels onto diazobenzyloxymethyl (DBM) - paper. Conditions for the electrophoretic transfer of these macromolecules have been optimized to allow for nearly quantitative transfer and covalent coupling. DNA and RNA electrophoretically transferred to DBM-paper retain their ability to hybridize with specific probes. The high efficiency of transfer and the high capacity of DBM-paper for nucleic acids makes possible the sensitive detection of specific nucleotide sequences. Similar efficiency is achieved in electrophoretic transfer and covalent coupling of proteins to DBM-paper. Macromolecules can also be electrophoretically transferred and bound to DBM-paper incapable of covalent bond formation. Their elution from the paper in high salt provides a new and useful preparative method for isolation of DNA, RNA and protein.
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13
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Inokuchi H, Yamao F, Sakano H, Ozeki H. Identification of transfer RNA suppressors in Escherichia coli. I. Amber suppressor su+2, an anticodon mutant of tRNA2Gln. J Mol Biol 1979; 132:649-62. [PMID: 160949 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Postle K, Reznikoff WS. Identification of the Escherichia coli tonB gene product in minicells containing tonB hybrid plasmids. J Mol Biol 1979; 131:619-36. [PMID: 390162 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Jorgensen RA, Reznikoff WS. Organization of structural and regulatory genes that mediate tetracycline resistance in transposon Tn10. J Bacteriol 1979; 138:705-14. [PMID: 378932 PMCID: PMC218094 DOI: 10.1128/jb.138.3.705-714.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The location of Tn10 genes encoding tetracycline resistance and its regulation was determined by analyzing the properties of recombinant plasmids carrying partial HpaI digestion products of lambda::Tn10 transducing phage deoxyribonucleic acid. Within a 2,700-base pair region are encoded tetracycline resistance, the structural gene (tet) for a tetracycline-inducible polypeptide, and the regulatory elements for the induction of both the resistance phenotype and the polypeptide. Fusion of different sequences to an HpaI site in the tet gene alters the molecular weight and stability of the polypeptide as well as the tetracycline resistance phenotype of strains producing fusion polypeptides. These results indicate the orientation of the tet gene and support the conclusion that the tet polypeptie is required for tetracycline resistance. A HincII cleavage site immediately upstream from the tet gene is protected by ribonucleic acid polymerase, but only the absence of ribonucleotide triphosphates. The possibility that tet transcription is initiated at this site is discussed.
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Renkawitz R, Gerbi SA, Glätzer KH. Ribosomal DNA of fly Sciara coprophila has a very small and homogeneous repeat unit. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1979; 173:1-13. [PMID: 288964 DOI: 10.1007/bf00267685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this report we show by hybridization of restriction fragments and by Miller spreads that the unit repeat of the fly Sciara coprophila is only 8.4 kb which is the smallest known for a multicellular eukaryote. The 8.4 kb EcoR1 fragment containing a complete unit of Sciara rDNA was cloned in pBR322, and mapped by the method of Parker (1977) and also by double digestions. The coding regions for 28S, 18S, and 5.8S RNA were localized by the method of Berk and Sharp (1977). From these data we conclude that the nontranscribed spacer, external transcribed spacer, and internal transcribed spacer are all shorter than in other organisms, thereby giving rise to the shorter overall rDNA repeat unit of Sciara. At least 90% of the Sciara rDNA repeats are homogeneous, with a length of 8.4 kb, but a 700 bp ladder of minor bands can also be found in digestions of total genome DNA. This profile of major and minor bands is identical between the X and X' chromosomes, as seen by a comparison of several genotypes. There are only 45 rRNA genes per X chromosome of Sciara (Gerbi and Crouse, 1976). These can easily be counted by low magnification Miller spreads which show that virtually all gene copies are actively being transcribed in the stage of spermatogenesis examined. This is the first demonstration for any reiterated gene family where all copies are shown to be simultaneously active.
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17
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Rossi JJ, Ross W, Egan J, Lipman DJ, Landy A. Structural organization of Escherichia coli tRNAtyr gene clusters in four different transducing bacteriophages. J Mol Biol 1979; 128:21-47. [PMID: 372548 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Mattson T, Van Houwe G, Epstein RH. Isolation and characterization of conditional lethal mutations in the mot gene of bacteriophage T4. J Mol Biol 1978; 126:551-70. [PMID: 745239 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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O'Farrell PZ, Cordell B, Valenzuela P, Rutter WJ, Goodman HM. Structure and processing of yeast precursor tRNAs containing intervening sequences. Nature 1978; 274:438-45. [PMID: 353564 DOI: 10.1038/274438a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have isolated a precursor of yeast tRNATyr and shown that it contains an intervening sequence identical to that found in the gene for tRNATyr. The conformation of pre-tRNATyr is similar to that of mature tRNATyr except for the anticodon loop. The loop is sensitive to endonucleolytic cleavage by S1 nuclease near to the ends of the intervening sequence. This pre-tRNA is functionally inactive as it cannot be aminoacylated and the anticodon is not accessible for hydrogen bonding. A crude nuclear extract from yeast contains an excision-ligase activity which will process pre-tRNATyr into mature tRNATyr.
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Chakraborty PR, Salvo RA, Majumder HK, Maitra U. Further characterization of bacteriophage T3-induced ribonucleic acid polymerase. Studies on the size of in vitro transcripts and interaction of T3 RNA polymerase with T3 DNA. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)39984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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22
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Hamer DH, Davoli D, Thomas CA, Fareed GC. Simian virus 40 carrying an Escherichia coli suppressor gene. J Mol Biol 1977; 112:155-82. [PMID: 195060 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(77)80137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Gegenheimer P, Watson N, Apirion D. Multiple pathways for primary processing of ribosomal RNA in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)40472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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24
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Sheldon R, Brenner S. Regulatory mutants of dihydrofolate reductase in Escherichia coli K12. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1976; 147:91-7. [PMID: 785230 DOI: 10.1007/bf00337941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Trimethoprim inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. Mutations conferring trimethorpim-resistance on E coli K12 result in either an altered reductase with decreased affinity for the drug, or in 2-30 fold higher levels of the enzyme. Studies of the latter class of mutants indicate that dihydrofolate reductase is regulatdd by a diffusible molecule, and is probably under negative control. The regulatrory mutants, some of which are temperature-sensitive, act cis.
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Yamaguchi T. Genetic instability of the suppressor activity of a transducing phage phi80pSu3+ during vegetative growth: deletion and tandem duplication of the Su3+ transducing fragment. Virology 1976; 72:45-60. [PMID: 936482 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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26
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Dahlberg AE, Dahlberg JE. Binding of ribosomal protein S1 of Escherichia coli to the 3' end of 16S rRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1975; 72:2940-4. [PMID: 1103129 PMCID: PMC432894 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.72.8.2940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal protein S1 reversibly binds the 49-nucleotide fragment that is cleaved from the 3' end of 16S rRNA in ribosomes by colicin E3. The fragment has secondary structure in the form of a hairpin loop. At the base of the stem is a sequence (A-C-C-U-C-C) thought to be involved in the base pairing with complementary sequences in mRNA during the initiation of protein synthesis. The role of S1 may be to stabilize this region of the fragment in an open conformation to allow for base pairing to mRNA. This model is supported by the observation that S1 binds specifically to this region of the fragment. In addition, aurin tricarboxylic acid, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, reverses this effect by disrupting the S1-RNA complex. These results can explain why S1 is an essential component of the ribosome for translation of natural mRNA and why aurin tricarboxylic acid blocks initiation.
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Paddock GV, Abelson J. Nucleotide sequence determination of bacteriophage T4 species I ribonucleic acid. J Biol Chem 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)41404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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29
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Gegenheimer P, Apirion D. Escherichia coli ribosomal ribonucleic acids are not cut from an intact precursor molecule. J Biol Chem 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)41734-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Davis AR, Nierlich DP. The methylation of transfer RNA in Escherichia coli. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 374:23-37. [PMID: 4371875 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(74)90196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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32
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Travers A. On the nature of DNA promoter conformations. The effects of glycerol and dimethylsulphoxide. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1974; 47:435-41. [PMID: 4611765 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03710.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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33
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Raab C, Gross HJ. Phage phi80psu3+-directed tyrosine tRNA synthesis in Escherichia coli: effects of T4 phage superinfection on tyrosine suppressor-gene transcription. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1974; 46:507-13. [PMID: 4604897 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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34
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Ray PN, Pearson ML. Evidence for post-transcriptional control of the morphogenetic genes of bacteriophage lambda. J Mol Biol 1974; 85:163-75. [PMID: 4835731 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(74)90135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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36
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Genetic alteration of structure and function in glycine transfer RNA of Escherichia coli: Mechanism of suppression of the tryptophan synthetase A78 mutation. J Mol Biol 1974; 85:371-91. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(74)90439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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Chang SE, Ish-Horowicz D. Selective modification of cytidine, uridine, guanosine and pseudouridine residues in Escherichia coli leucine transfer ribonucleic acid. J Mol Biol 1974; 84:375-88. [PMID: 4618853 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(74)90446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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38
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Sakano H, Yamada S, Ikemura T, Shimura Y, Ozeki H. Temperature sensitive mutants of Escherichia coli for tRNA synthesis. Nucleic Acids Res 1974; 1:355-71. [PMID: 10793671 PMCID: PMC344021 DOI: 10.1093/nar/1.3.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient method was devised to isolate temperature sensitive mutants of E. coli defective in tRNA biosynthesis. Mutants were selected for their inability to express suppressor activity after su3(+)-transducing phage infection. In virtually all the mutants tested, temperature sensitive synthesis of tRNA(Tyr) was demonstrated. Electrophoretic fractionation of (32)P labeled RNA synthesized at high temperature showed in some mutants changes in mobility of the main tRNA band and the appearance of slow migrating new species of RNA. Temperature sensitive function of mutant cells was also evident in tRNA synthes: directed by virulent phage T4 and BF23. We conclude that although the mutants show individual differences, many are temperature sensitive in tRNA maturation functions. In spite of much information on the structure and function of transfer RNA (tRNA), our knowledge concerning the biosynthesis of tRNA is relatively poor. It is generally assumed that complete tRNA molecules are made via a series of processing steps from the original transcription products of tRNA genes which are presumably unmodified and longer than mature tRNA molecules. In the case of tyrosine suppressor tRNA of su3(+), an unmodified precursor RNA carrying additional residues at the 3' and 5' ends has been isolated (1,2), and an endonuclease cleaving at the 5' side of this precursor has been identified in E. coli (3). In the case of T4 encoded tRNA, a large precursor molecule for several tRNA's has been reported (4). Some enzymes that catalyze the modifications have also been described (5). However, the over-all picture and the precise mechanisms of tRNA maturation are as yet largely unkown. For study of tRNA biosynthesis in E. coli, a genetic approach may prove useful, as has been the case in other biosynthetic pathways. In order to obtain mutants blocked in any of the intermediary steps of tRNA synthesis, we have developed an efficient selection system that enriches these mutants. Since any mutational block in tRNA biosynthesis might well be lethal, we looked for conditional lethal mutants in which the defect in tRNA synthesis occurs only at high temperature. In this selection system, the su3 gene carried by a temperate phage was newly introduced into cells(su(-)) and those cells incapable of synthesizing su3(+) tRNA at high temperature were selected. Such mutants were easily enriched by using conditions in which cells expressing suppressor activity were killed by two virulent phages. In this communication, we report the method for isolation of mutants and some characterization of tRNA synthesis in these mutants. Recently, Schedl and Primakoff (6) have independently isolated thermosensitive mutants of E. coli defective in tRNA synthesis which may or may not be different types from ours.
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Guthrie C, McClain WH. Conditionally lethal mutants of bacteriophage T4 defective in production of a transfer RNA. J Mol Biol 1973; 81:137-55. [PMID: 4591184 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Dickson RC. Assembly of bacteriophage T4 tail fibers. IV. Subunit composition of tail fibers and fiber precursors. J Mol Biol 1973; 79:633-47. [PMID: 4758066 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Pinkerton TC, Paddock G, Abelson J. Nucleotide Sequence Determination of Bacteriophage T4 Leucine Transfer Ribonucleic Acid. J Biol Chem 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)43454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Hill C, Combriato G, Steinhart W, Riddle DL, Carbon J. The Nucleotide Sequence of the GGG-specific Glycine Transfer Ribonucleic Acid of Escherichia coli and of Salmonella typhimurium. J Biol Chem 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)43765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Marks A. Purification of a hybrid molecule composed of tyrosine transfer RNA and its complementary DNA sequence. J Mol Biol 1973; 76:405-14. [PMID: 4269922 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Saedler H, Heiss B. Multiple copies of the insertion-DNA sequences IS1 and IS2 in the chromosome of E. coli K-12. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1973; 122:267-77. [PMID: 4577900 DOI: 10.1007/bf00278602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Landy A, Ross W, Foeller C. Generation of DNA fragments by enzymatic cleavage at sites sensitive to denaturation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 299:264-72. [PMID: 4267552 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(73)90349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Koehler KM, Schmidt PG. NMR study of the modified base resonances of tRNA tyr- coli . Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1973; 50:370-6. [PMID: 4569876 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(73)90850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Yudelevich A. Modification of leucine tRNA of Escherichia coli after bacteriophage T4 infection. BASIC LIFE SCIENCES 1973; 1:229-39. [PMID: 4589681 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-0877-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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