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DeBono A, Thomas DR, Lundberg L, Pinkham C, Cao Y, Graham JD, Clarke CL, Wagstaff KM, Shechter S, Kehn-Hall K, Jans DA. Novel RU486 (mifepristone) analogues with increased activity against Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus but reduced progesterone receptor antagonistic activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2634. [PMID: 30796232 PMCID: PMC6385310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently no therapeutics to treat infection with the alphavirus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), which causes flu-like symptoms leading to neurological symptoms in up to 14% of cases. Large outbreaks of VEEV can result in 10,000 s of human cases and mass equine death. We previously showed that mifepristone (RU486) has anti-VEEV activity (EC50 = 20 μM) and only limited cytotoxicity (CC50 > 100 μM), but a limitation in its use is its abortifacient activity resulting from its ability to antagonize the progesterone receptor (PR). Here we generate a suite of new mifepristone analogues with enhanced antiviral properties, succeeding in achieving >11-fold improvement in anti-VEEV activity with no detectable increase in toxicity. Importantly, we were able to derive a lead compound with an EC50 of 7.2 µM and no detectable PR antagonism activity. Finally, based on our SAR analysis we propose avenues for the further development of these analogues as safe and effective anti-VEEV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron DeBono
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - David R Thomas
- Nuclear Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lindsay Lundberg
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Chelsea Pinkham
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Ying Cao
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - J Dinny Graham
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Christine L Clarke
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Kylie M Wagstaff
- Nuclear Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Kylene Kehn-Hall
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - David A Jans
- Nuclear Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Anti-Markovnikov stereoselective addition of bis(trimethylsilyl)octadiene to ketal obtained by unprecedented retro-Claisen condensation of 3-hydroxy-2,4-pentanedione bis-ketal. CR CHIM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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3
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Szychowski J, Truchon JF, Bennani YL. Natural products in medicine: transformational outcome of synthetic chemistry. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9292-308. [PMID: 25144261 DOI: 10.1021/jm500941m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This review brings to the forefront key synthetic modifications on natural products (NPs) that have yielded successful drugs. The emphasis is placed on the power of targeted chemical transformations in enhancing the therapeutic value of NPs through optimization of pharmacokinetics, stability, potency, and/or selectivity. Multiple classes of NPs such as macrolides, opioids, steroids, and β-lactams used to treat a variety of conditions such as cancers, infections, inflammation are exemplified. Molecular modeling or X-ray structures of NP/protein complexes supporting the observed boost in therapeutic value of the modified NPs are also discussed. Significant advancement in synthetic chemistry, in structure determination, and in the understanding of factors controlling pharmacokinetics can now better position drug discovery teams to undertake NPs as valuable leads. We hope that the beneficial NPs synthetic modifications outlined here will reignite medicinal chemists' interest in NPs and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janek Szychowski
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Canada), Inc. , 275 Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec H7V 4A7, Canada
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4
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Galy N, Santelli M. Efficient synthesis of 17-acetyl-13-(p-bromophenyl)-3-methoxy-11,11-bis(methoxycarbonyl)gona-1,3,5(10)-trienes. Steroids 2011; 76:695-701. [PMID: 21473876 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We described an efficient synthesis of (8β,9β,14β)-17β-acetyl-13β-p-bromophenyl-11,11-di(methoxycarbonyl)-3-methoxygona-1,3,5(10)-triene, (8β,9α,14β)-17β-acetyl-13β-p-bromophenyl-11,11-di(methoxycarbonyl)-3-methoxygona-1,3,5(10)-triene, (8β,9β,14β)-13 β-p-bromophenyl-11,11-di(methoxycarbonyl)-17β-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methoxygona-1,3,5(10)-triene, and (8β,9β,14β)-13β-p-bromophenyl-11,11-di(methoxycarbonyl)-17β-(2-oxoxyethyl)-3-methoxygona-1,3,5(10)-triene in five or six steps from 1-iodo-4-methoxybenzocyclobutene and readily available materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Galy
- Laboratoire Chimie Provence, UMR CNRS 6264, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Saint-Jérôme, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niémen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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van den Heuvel MJ, Groen MB. Synthesis of 6β-methyl analogues of mifepristone, new selective antiprogestagens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19931120206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hödl C, Raunegger K, Strommer R, Ecker GF, Kunert O, Sturm S, Seger C, Haslinger E, Steiner R, Strauss WSL, Schramm HW. Syntheses and antigestagenic activity of mifepristone derivatives. J Med Chem 2010; 52:1268-74. [PMID: 19216549 DOI: 10.1021/jm800985z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of mifepristone derivatives with different "linker groups" in position 4' of the phenyl ring in the 11beta-position of the steroid scaffold (2-41) have been synthesized. Their antigestagenic activites were determined in a cell-based assay (alkali phosphatase assay in T47-D breast cancer cells) and compared with that of the parent compound mifepristone. SAR and QSAR studies reveal the influence of both lipophilicity and partial charge based van der Waals surface area descriptors on biological activity. Within the series of compounds described in this study, three mifepristone derivatives are identified with considerably high antigestagenic activity. These compounds are regarded as useful starting materials for the synthesis of either physiologically stable or cleavable progesterone receptor-binding conjugates for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hödl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry-Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Bradley PA, de Koning PD, Johnson PS, Lecouturier YC, McManus DJ, Robin A, Underwood TJ. Development of a Practical Synthesis of the Progesterone Receptor Antagonist 4-{[3-Cyclopropyl-1-(mesylmethyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]oxy}-2,6-dimethylbenzonitrile. Org Process Res Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/op900110k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Bradley
- Discovery Chemistry and Research API, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Pieter D. de Koning
- Discovery Chemistry and Research API, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick S. Johnson
- Discovery Chemistry and Research API, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yann C. Lecouturier
- Discovery Chemistry and Research API, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - David J. McManus
- Discovery Chemistry and Research API, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Aurelie Robin
- Discovery Chemistry and Research API, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Toby J. Underwood
- Discovery Chemistry and Research API, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
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Wånggren K, Stavreus-Evers A, Olsson C, Andersson E, Gemzell-Danielsson K. Regulation of muscular contractions in the human Fallopian tube through prostaglandins and progestagens. Hum Reprod 2008; 23:2359-68. [PMID: 18621753 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transport of gametes and embryos is an important function of the Fallopian tube. Both muscular contractions and cilia activity are involved in the transportation. Prostaglandins (PGs) are known mediators of muscular contractility. PG receptors have previously been demonstrated in the human Fallopian tube. The aim was to study the effect of PGs and progestagens, antiprogestin, hCG and oxytocin on muscular contractions in the human Fallopian tube, and the hormonal regulation of PG receptors. METHODS Twenty-two healthy women operated for benign causes were included in the study. The ampullary-isthmic junction of the Fallopian tubes was excised and used for in vitro contractility studies. The effect of PGE(1), PGE(2), PGF(2alpha), progesterone, mifepristone, levonorgestrel, oxytocin and hCG on contractility was studied. Explants of Fallopian tubes were cultured for 24 h to study the effect of progestagens and hCG on the expression of PG receptors using immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. RESULTS Muscular contractions increased after treatment with PGF(2alpha) and PGE(2) (P < 0.05). The contractions decreased after PGE(1), progesterone, levonorgestrel, mifepristone, oxytocin and hCG (P < 0.05). In tubal explant studies, relative mRNA expression of EP1, EP2, EP3 and FP increased after levonorgestrel treatment (P < 0.05). Mifepristone and levonorgestrel treatment increased immunostaining intensity of EP1 and EP2 protein, in lumen, muscle and vessels. Progesterone and mifepristone increased immunostaining of FP in vessels. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the transport of gametes and embryos involves the action of PGs, progesterone, oxytocin and hCG on muscular contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wånggren
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Division for Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Bydal P, Luu-The V, Labrie F, Poirier D. Steroidal lactones as inhibitors of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5: chemical synthesis, enzyme inhibitory activity, and assessment of estrogenic and androgenic activities. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 44:632-44. [PMID: 18472187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Androgens are well known to play a predominant role in prostate cancer and other androgen-dependent diseases. To decrease the level of androgen testosterone in the prostate, we are interested in developing inhibitors of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5 (17beta-HSD5). This enzyme expressed in the prostate is one of the two enzymes able to convert 4-androstene-3,17-dione into testosterone. From a screening study, it was found that a series of steroid derivatives bearing a lactone on D-ring demonstrated potent inhibition of 17beta-HSD5 over-expressed in HEK-293 cells. The results of enzymatic assays using intact cells indicated that a C18-steroid (estradiol or 3-deoxyestradiol) backbone and a spiro-delta-lactone (six-member ring) are important for a strong inhibitory activity. Moreover, the presence of a dimethyl group at the alpha-position of the lactone carbonyl increases the selectivity of the inhibitor toward 17beta-HSD5. Compound 26, a 3-deoxyestradiol derivative with a dimethylated spiro-delta-lactone at position 17, possesses the most potent inhibitory activity for 17beta-HSD5 (IC(50)=2.9 nM). It showed no binding affinity for estrogen, androgen, progestin and glucocorticoid receptors (ER, AR, PR and GR). A weak proliferative effect was, however, observed on ZR-75-1 (ER+) cells in culture at high concentration (1 microM), but not at 0.03 microM. Interestingly, no significant proliferative effect was detected on Shionogi (AR+) cells in culture in the presence of 0.1 and 1 microM of lactone 26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bydal
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, CHUL Research Center and University Laval, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
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10
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1H-Pyrazolo[3,4-g]hexahydro-isoquinolines as selective glucocorticoid receptor antagonists with high functional activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1312-7. [PMID: 18226897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2007] [Revised: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Addition of the 4-fluorophenylpyrazole group to the previously described 2-azadecalin glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist 1 resulted in significantly enhanced functional activity. SAR of the bridgehead substituent indicated that whereas groups as small as methyl afforded high GR binding, GR functional activity was enhanced by larger groups such as benzyl, substituted ethers, and aminoalkyl derivatives. GR antagonists with binding and functional activity comparable to mifepristone were discovered (e.g., 52: GR binding K(i) 0.7 nM; GR reporter gene functional K(i) 0.6 nM) and found to be highly selective over other steroid receptors. Analogues 43 and 45 had >50% oral bioavailability in the dog.
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11
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Clark RD, Ray NC, Blaney P, Crackett PH, Hurley C, Williams K, Dyke HJ, Clark DE, Lockey PM, Devos R, Wong M, White A, Belanoff JK. 2-Benzenesulfonyl-8a-benzyl-hexahydro-2H-isoquinolin-6-ones as selective glucocorticoid receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5704-8. [PMID: 17822897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The 2-azadecalin ring system was evaluated as a scaffold for the preparation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonists. High affinity, selective GR antagonists were discovered based on a hypothetical binding mode related to the steroidal GR antagonist RU-43044. 2-Benzenesulfonyl substituted 8a-benzyl-hexahydro-2H-isoquinolin-6-ones exemplified by (R)-37 had low nanomolar affinity for GR with moderate functional activity (200 nM) in a reporter gene assay. These compounds were devoid of affinity for other steroidal receptors (ER, AR, MR, and PR). Analogues based on an alternative putative binding mode (CP-like) were found to be inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin D Clark
- Corcept Therapeutics, 149 Commonwealth Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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12
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Wånggren K, Lalitkumar PG, Hambiliki F, Ståbi B, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Stavreus-Evers A. Leukaemia inhibitory factor receptor and gp130 in the human Fallopian tube and endometrium before and after mifepristone treatment and in the human preimplantation embryo. Mol Hum Reprod 2007; 13:391-7. [PMID: 17430984 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gam013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a cytokine, which is associated with reproductive processes such as embryo development and implantation. The objectives of this study were to detect the presence of LIF receptor (LIFR) and glycoprotein 130 (gp 130) in the human Fallopian tube, endometrium and preimplantation embryo and to study the effect of mifepristone on the expression of LIFR and gp130 in the Fallopian tube. Twenty-two healthy fertile women received a single dose of 200 mg mifepristone or placebo immediately after ovulation (LH + 2). Biopsies were obtained from the Fallopian tubes during laparoscopic sterilization once between days LH + 4 and LH + 6 and from endometrium once between days LH + 6 and LH + 8. Preimplantation embryos were received from couples undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the presence of LIFR and gp130 in the Fallopian tube, endometrium and preimplantation embryo. Real-time PCR was used to study LIFR and gp130 expression in the Fallopian tube and endometrium. LIFR and gp130 were localized in the Fallopian tube, preimplantation embryo and endometrium. LIFR was more abundant in the Fallopian tube than in the endometrium. In the blastocyst, the staining of gp130 was mainly localized in the inner cell mass, whereas LIFR was expressed in all cells. The presence of LIFR and gp130 in the Fallopian tube and preimplantation embryo indicates a role for LIF in communication between the embryo and the Fallopian tube. Mifepristone did not affect the expression of LIFR and gp130 in the Fallopian tube, nor in the endometrium suggesting that progesterone might not be directly involved in the regulation of LIFR or gp130.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wånggren
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Petit M, Aubert C, Malacria M. Diastereoselective approach to 11-aryl steroid skeletons through a cobalt(I)-mediated [2+2+2] cyclization of allenediynes. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jiang W, Allan G, Fiordeliso JJ, Linton O, Tannenbaum P, Xu J, Zhu P, Gunnet J, Demarest K, Lundeen S, Sui Z. New progesterone receptor antagonists: phosphorus-containing 11beta-aryl-substituted steroids. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:6726-32. [PMID: 16806946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Revised: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A new series of phosphorus-containing 11beta-aryl-substituted steroids have been synthesized in an eight-step sequence involving a palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction to introduce a phosphorus group onto the aromatic ring. The compounds were evaluated for progesterone receptor (PR) antagonist activity in a T47D cell-based assay and for glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist activity in an A549 cell-based assay. The structure-activity relationships of these compounds are discussed. Selected compounds were tested in vivo in a rat complement C3 assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqin Jiang
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., Drug Discovery, 1000 Route 202, Raritan, NJ 08869, USA.
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Jovanović-Šanta S, Petrović J, Sakač M, Žakula Z, Isenović E, Ribarac-Stepić N. The Influence of 17-Oxo- and 17-Hydroxy-16,17-secoestratriene Derivatives on Estrogen Receptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20060532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Since many of newly synthesised D-secoestratriene derivatives showed antiestrogenic effect, with almost a total loss of estrogenic activity, we studied the effects of some of these compounds on estrogen receptors (ER), the translocation of the estrogen-ER complexes formed in presence of competing substances into the nucleus, as well as the binding of these complexes to DNA. The results of uterotrophic effects of analysed derivatives are in agreement with the influence of these compounds on activity and binding parameters of estrogen receptors. Namely, compounds that show relatively high antiestrogenic activity predominantly increaseKdand inhibit translocation to nuclei of radioactive complexes formed in their presence. On the other hand, compounds that do not significantly change binding parameters of estrogen receptors do not show antiestrogenic effect inin vivoexperiments.
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17
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Petit M, Aubert C, Malacria M. Cobalt(I)-Mediated [2 + 2 + 2] Cyclization of Allenediynes toward a Diastereoselective Approach to 11-Aryl Steroid Skeletons. Org Lett 2004; 6:3937-40. [PMID: 15496068 DOI: 10.1021/ol0485060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] An 11-aryl steroid skeleton has been built in one step with a simultaneous introduction of the substituents at both C11 and C10 in 48% overall yield from a trans-allenediyne, whereas a formal Alder ene reaction leading to a bicyclic yne-trienic compound becomes the major process from the cis-allenediyne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Petit
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique associé au CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Tour 44-54, 2 étage, Case 229, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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18
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Chen H, Li Q, Yao X, Fan B, Yuan S, Panaye A, Doucet J. 3D-QSAR and Docking Study of the Binding Mode of Steroids to Progesterone Receptor in Active Site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200330820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Zhi L, Ringgenberg JD, Edwards JP, Tegley CM, West SJ, Pio B, Motamedi M, Jones TK, Marschke KB, Mais DE, Schrader WT. Development of progesterone receptor antagonists from 1,2-dihydrochromeno[3,4-f]quinoline agonist pharmacophore. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:2075-8. [PMID: 12781198 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1,2-dihydrochromeno[3,4-f]quinoline derivatives was synthesized and tested in biological assays to evaluate the nonsteroidal progesterone receptor modulator pharmacophore (4) as antiprogestins. A number of potent analogues were identified by modification of the substituents at the D-ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhi
- Discovery Research, Ligand Pharmaceuticals, 10275 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Kandemirli F, Tokay N, Shvets NM, Dimoglo AS. Investigation of structure-activity relationship on 17-spirolactone derivatives: the electronic-topological approach. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 2002; 57:601-7. [PMID: 12164222 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(02)01256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sixty steroid homologues belonging to a series of 17-spirolactone derivatives such as aldosterone antagonists were investigated by electronic-topological method (ETM). Activity features Ph1-Ph3 that also are called pharmacophores were revealed. The pharmacophore Ph1 consists of two oxygen atoms and four carbon atoms. The mineralocorticoid activity appeared to be affected by the distance between the two oxygen atoms. Features AP1-AP3 that are characteristic of inactive compounds (or anti-pharmacophores) were also revealed. Comparative analysis of molecules that include either pharmacophores or anti-pharmacophores was carried out.
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Morgan BP, Swick AG, Hargrove DM, LaFlamme JA, Moynihan MS, Carroll RS, Martin KA, Lee E, Decosta D, Bordner J. Discovery of potent, nonsteroidal, and highly selective glucocorticoid receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2002; 45:2417-24. [PMID: 12036351 DOI: 10.1021/jm0105530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An approach to the computer-assisted, pharmacophore design of nonsteroidal templates for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) that contained an element of pseudo-C2 symmetry was developed. The enatiomer of the initial design, 1Ra, and not the designed molecule, 1S, showed the desired ligand binding to the GR. The pseudo-C2 symmetry of the template allowed for rapid improvements in GR activity resulting in potent, selective, nonsteroidal GR antagonists, CP-394531 and CP-409069.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley P Morgan
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06371, USA.
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Rao PN, Wang Z, Cessac JW, Rosenberg RS, Jenkins DJ, Diamandis EP. New 11 beta-aryl-substituted steroids exhibit both progestational and antiprogestational activity. Steroids 1998; 63:523-30. [PMID: 9800283 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(98)00060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of three 11 beta-aryl-19-norpregna-4,9-dien-3-one derivatives with 17-spirolactone and 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-cyanoethyl substitutions are described. The progesterone agonist/antagonist activities of the new compounds are investigated using a recently developed tissue culture system that relies on the progesterone agonist up-regulation of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) gene in female breast tumor cell lines. Two of the newly synthesized compounds exhibit mixed agonistic/antagonistic progestational activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Rao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas 78245-0549, USA
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24
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Wilmouth S, Pellissier H, Santelli M. Synthesis of 18,18-difluoro- or 18,18,18-trifluoro-3-methoxy-12-oxaestra-1,3,5(10)-trienes. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00599-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Mappus E, Chambon C, Rolland de Ravel M, Grenot C, Cuilleron CY. Synthesis and characterization by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of 17 alpha-cyano, 17 alpha-aminomethyl, and 17 alpha-alkylamidomethyl derivatives of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and testosterone. Steroids 1997; 62:603-20. [PMID: 9292935 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(97)00046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
17 alpha-Aminomethyl, 17 alpha-acetamidomethyl, and 17 alpha-hemiglutaramidomethyl derivatives of dihydrotestosterone and testosterone have been prepared by hydrocyanation of 3,3'-(ethylenedioxy)-5 alpha-androstan-17-one and 3,3'-ethylenedioxyandrost-5-en-17-one, reduction of the corresponding acetylated 17 alpha-cyanohydrins with lithium aluminium hydride, and acylation of the resulting 17 alpha-aminomethyl derivatives with either acetic anhydride or the mono acid chloride of glutaric acid mono methyl ester. Saponification of the 17 alpha-hemiglutaramidomethyl methyl esters gave the corresponding hemiglutaramido derivatives, while acid hydrolysis of the 3-ethylene ketal group of 17 alpha-acetamidomethyl and 17 alpha-hemiglutaramidomethyl derivatives regenerated the 3-oxo and 3-oxo-4-ene functions. The 17 alpha-configuration of 17-substituted steroids was determined by 1H and 13C NMR and confirmed by comparing with NMR data for 17 alpha- and 17 beta-cyano-17-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one, 17 beta-cyano-3,3'-(ethylenedioxy)androst-5-en-17-ol, 17 alpha-alkynyl, and 17 alpha-hexanoic derivatives of dihydrotestosterone and testosterone, of known 17-configurations. Several ambiguous assignments of 13C NMR signals of 17 alpha-substituted steroids and unsubstituted 17 beta-hydroxy or 17-oxo precursors have been resolved using steroid analogs deuterated at positions C5-7, or C16 for androstane derivatives, and at positions C6-7, or C7 for androstene derivatives. 17 alpha-Aminomethyl and 17 alpha-alkylamidomethyl derivatives of dihydrotestosterone and testosterone are useful intermediates for the access to potential ligands of androgen-binding proteins necessary for affinity chromatography purification or affinity-labeling experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mappus
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 329, Pathologie Hormonale et Moléculaire, Hôpital Debrousse, Lyon, France
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26
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Abstract
RU486 (mifepristone) has proved to be a remarkably active antiprogesterone and antiglucocorticosteroid agent in human beings. The mechanism of action involves the intracellular receptors of the antagonized hormones (progesterone and glucocorticosteroids). At the molecular level, the most important features are high binding affinity to the receptor, interaction of the phenylaminodimethyl group in the 11 beta-position with a specific region of the receptor binding pocket, and RU486-induced transconformation differences in the ligand-binding domain. These particularities have consequences at different steps of the receptor function as compared with agonists. However, the reasoning cannot be limited to the RU486-receptor interaction, and, for instance, there is the possibility of a switch from antagonistic property to agonist activity, depending on the intervention of other signaling pathways. It would be desirable to have derivatives with only one of the two antagonistic properties (antiprogestin, antiglucocorticosteroid) in spite of similarities between steroid structures, receptors involved, and responsive machineries in target cells. Clinically, the RU486-plus-prostaglandin method is ready to be used on a large scale and is close to being as convenient and safe as any medical method of abortion may be. The early use of RU486 as a contragestive as soon as a woman fears a pregnancy she does not want will help to defuse the abortion issue. Research should now be conducted to define an efficient and convenient contraceptive method with RU486 or other antiprogestins. The usefulness of RU486 for obstetric indications, including facilitation of difficult delivery, has to be assessed rapidly. Gynecologic trials, particularly in leiomyomata, should be systemically continued. The very preliminary results obtained with tumors, including breast cancers, indicate that further studies are necessary.
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27
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Cleve A, Fritzemeier KH, Heinrich N, Klar U, Müller-Fahrnow A, Neef G, Ottow E, Schwede W. 11β-Aryl steroids in the androstene series. The role of the 11β-region in steroid progesterone receptor interaction. Tetrahedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(95)00983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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28
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Teutsch G, Nique F, Lemoine G, Bouchoux F, Cérède E, Gofflo D, Philibert D. General structure-activity correlations of antihormones. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995; 761:5-28. [PMID: 7625749 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb31365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Teutsch
- Centre de Recherches Roussel Uclaf 102, Romainville, France
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29
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Abstract
The receptor binding of a library of 187 steroids to five steroid hormone receptors (estrogen, progestin, androgen, mineralocorticoid, and glucocorticoid) has been analyzed by correspondence factor analysis (CFA) in order to illustrate how the method could be used to derive structure-activity-relationships from much larger libraries. CFA is a cartographic multivariate technique that provides objective distribution maps of the data after reduction and filtering of redundant information and noise. The key to the analysis of very complex data tables is the formation of barycenters (steroids with one or more common structural fragments) that can be introduced into CFA analyses used as mathematical models. This is possible in CFA because the method uses X2-metrics and is based on the distributional equivalence of the rows and columns of the transformed data matrix. We have thus demonstrated, in purely objective statistical terms, the general conclusions on the specificity of various functional and other groups derived from prior analyses by expert intuition and reasoning. A finer analysis was made of a series of A-ring phenols showing the high degree of glucocorticoid receptor and progesterone receptor binding that can be generated by certain C-11-substitutions despite the presence of the phenolic A-ring characteristic of estrogen receptor-specific binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ojasoo
- Groupe Cristallographie et Simulations Interactives des Macromolécules Biologiques, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (VI), France
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30
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Lecureur V, Fardel O, Guillouzo A. The antiprogestatin drug RU 486 potentiates doxorubicin cytotoxicity in multidrug resistant cells through inhibition of P-glycoprotein function. FEBS Lett 1994; 355:187-91. [PMID: 7982498 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)01186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The antiprogestatin drug RU 486 was examined for its effect on doxorubicin cellular retention and cytotoxicity in multidrug resistant cells overexpressing P-glycoprotein (P-gp). RU 486 was shown to strongly enhance intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin in both rat hepatoma RHC1 and human leukemia K562 R7 drug-resistant cells but had no action in SDVI drug-sensitive liver cells. The antiprogestatin drug when used at 10 microM, a concentration close to plasma concentrations achievable in humans, was able to hugely increase the sensitivity of RHC1 cells to doxorubicin. RU 486 appeared to prevent the P-gp-mediated doxorubicin efflux out of RHC1 cells and was demonstrated to interfere directly with P-gp drug binding sites since it blocked P-gp labelling by the photoactivable P-gp ligand azidopine. These results thus demonstrate that RU 486 can downmodulate anticancer drug resistance through inhibition of P-gp function.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lecureur
- Unité de Recherches Hépatoloques U 49 de l'INSERM, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
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31
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Warriar N, Yu C, Govindan MV. Hormone binding domain of human glucocorticoid receptor. Enhancement of transactivation function by substitution mutants M565R and A573Q. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)62006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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32
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Abstract
11 alpha-Hydroxytestosterone (1a), 11 beta-hydroxytestosterone (1b), 11 alpha-methoxytestosterone (1c), 11 beta-methoxytestosterone (1d), 11-ketotestosterone (1e), and delta 9(11)-testosterone (1f) were synthesized from hydrocortisone (4b) or 11-epi-hydrocortisone (4a). The six target compounds, together with 11 alpha-methoxyandrostenedione (2c), 11 beta-methoxyandrostenedione, (2d) and their lead compound, testosterone (1), were found to effectively inhibit the growth and differentiation of human decidual cells in culture. There is no observable binding of these compounds to estrogen receptor of rabbit uterus. The introduction of a polar group (e.g., hydroxyl and carbonyl) to C-11 of androstenes decreases both the relative binding affinities to progesterone receptor and the inhibitory effects on human decidual cell growth, while the methylation of 11-hydroxyl group minimizes these effects. The similar effects of a polar group at C-11 of testosterone (1) on the inhibitory effects on human decidual cell growth and the relative binding affinities to progesterone receptor of rabbit uterus may suggest that one of the mechanisms of human decidual cell growth inhibition by these compounds is the anti-progestational activity of these androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Medical University, P.R., China
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33
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Ottow E, Beier S, Elger W, Fritzemeier KH, Neef G, Wiechert R. Synthesis and biological testing of 4'-(dimethylamino)-17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-(1-propynyl)benzo[12,12a]-11 alpha,18-cyclo-12a,12b-dihomo-13 alpha-estr-4-en-3-one: an interesting RU 38 486 analog. Steroids 1994; 59:185-9. [PMID: 8048150 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(94)90026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A partial synthesis of the title compound, 4'-(dimethylamino)-17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-(1-propynyl)benzo[12,12a]-11 alpha,18-cyclo-12a,12b- dihomo-13 alpha-estr-4-en-3-one 1, is reported. The key step in this synthesis represents an intramolecular alkenylaryl radical cyclization. Treatment of 18-[bromo-5-(dimethylamino)phenyl]gona-5,9(11)-diene-3,17-dione-3, 17- bis[cyclic 1,2-ethanediyl acetal] 5 with tributyl tin hydride and a radical initiator introduces the desired 11 beta,18-bridge. The reduced progesterone receptor affinity of this RU 38 486 analog contributes valuable information to the empirical characterization of the steroid binding site of the receptor protein and explains the observed lack of in vivo antigestational activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ottow
- Research Laboratories, Schering AG Berlin, Germany
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36
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Creation of “super” glucocorticoid receptors by point mutations in the steroid binding domain. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)54533-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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37
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Grover A, Dwivedy I, Singh AK, Ray S, Singh MM, Kamboj VP. Synthesis and pregnancy-inhibiting activity of 7-substituted androst-5-ene derivatives. Steroids 1991; 56:477-80. [PMID: 1805460 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(91)90005-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of 7-aryl/allyl-substituted androstene derivatives 3a through 3g has been carried out by Grignard reaction on 3 beta,17 beta-diacetoxyandrost-5-en-7-one (2) with aryl/allyl magnesium bromide. Isomeric mixture of products 3b and 3c/3e and 3f/3h was separated by column chromatography. Stereochemical assignment at C-7 has been made on the basis of 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies and chemical considerations. Compounds 6a and 6b were synthesized by alkylation of compound 5 with beta-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl chloride hydrochloride and 1-(2-chloroethyl)pyrrolidine hydrochloride, respectively. Compound 3g (isomeric mixture) prevented pregnancy in 60% of rats at 10 mg/kg daily dose administered orally on days 1 to 7 of pregnancy; however, its only isolable 7 beta-hydroxy isomer, 3h, was inactive at this dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grover
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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38
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Chosson P, Vidal H, Aumelas A, Couderc F. 11β-Hydroxylation of norethisterone acetate by Curvularia lunata. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04381.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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39
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Künzer H, Sauer G, Wiechert R. A [4+1] cyclopentannulation route to ring a aromatic, C(1)-C(11) methano-bridged steroids. Tetrahedron Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)79764-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Hierholzer K, Bühler H, Perschel FH. Target Cell Metabolism of Corticosteroids Mediating Antisteroid Effects. Nephrology (Carlton) 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-35158-1_112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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41
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Faraj H, Claire M, Rondot A, Aumelas A, Auzou G. Synthesis of new steroidal 11β-substituted spirolactones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1039/p19900003045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Baulieu EE. Contragestion and other clinical applications of RU 486, an antiprogesterone at the receptor. Science 1989; 245:1351-7. [PMID: 2781282 DOI: 10.1126/science.2781282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
RU 486, a steroid with high affinity for the progesterone receptor, is the first available active antiprogesterone. It has been used successfully as a medical alternative for early pregnancy interruption, and it also has other potential applications in medicine and for biochemical and pathophysiological endocrine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Baulieu
- INSERM U 33 (Communications hormonales), Faculté de Médicine, Université Paris-Sud, Bicêtre, France
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