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Kawaguchi S, Bowolaksono A, Sakumoto R, Okuda K. Luteoprotective roles of luteinizing hormone are mediated by not only progesterone production but also glucocorticoid conversion in bovine corpus luteum. Mol Reprod Dev 2013; 80:204-11. [PMID: 23325624 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is known as a key regulator of corpus luteum (CL) function, but the luteoprotective mechanisms of LH in the maintenance of bovine CL function are not well understood. The current study investigated if LH increases cell viability and induces cortisol conversion, and if the luteoprotective action of LH is mediated by stimulating the local production and action of progesterone (P4) and/or cortisol. Cultured bovine luteal cells obtained at the mid-luteal stage (Days 8-12 of the estrous cycle) were treated for 24 hr with LH (10 ng/ml) with/without onapristone (OP, a specific P4 receptor antagonist; 100 µM), cortisone (1 µM), and aminoglutethimide (AGT, a specific inhibitor of cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage; 100 µM). LH with and without OP significantly increased the mRNA and protein expressions of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD11B) 1, but did not affect the mRNA or protein expression of HSD11B2. These treatments also significantly increased HSD11B1 activity. Cell viability was significantly increased by LH alone or by LH in combination with cortisone and OP. LH in combination with OP or AGT significantly decreased cell viability as compared to LH alone. The overall results suggest that LH stimulates not only P4 production but also HSD11B1 expression, thereby increasing the cortisol concentration in the bovine CL, and that LH prevents cell death through these survival pathways. LH may consequently support CL function during the luteal phase in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syota Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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2
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Pitter JG, Szanda G, Duchen MR, Spät A. Prostaglandin F2alpha potentiates the calcium dependent activation of mitochondrial metabolism in luteal cells. Cell Calcium 2005; 37:35-44. [PMID: 15541462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2004.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2004] [Revised: 06/15/2004] [Accepted: 06/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals are transferred to the mitochondria and activate the Krebs cycle. We have compared the efficiency of this process for two Ca2+ mobilising agonists, PGF2alpha and ATP (acting at metabotropic P2 receptors) in rat luteal cells. [Ca2+]c, [Ca2+]m and mitochondrial NAD(P)H were monitored by means of microspectrofluorimetry and confocal microscopy. While both agonists caused similar elevations of [Ca2+]c, changes in NAD(P)H were larger in response to PGF2alpha than to ATP. PGF2alpha more effectively increased NAD(P)H level also in mouse luteal cells. PGF2alpha caused a faster rate of rise of NAD(P)H fluorescence than ATP when reoxidation was prevented with rotenone, suggesting a faster rate of NAD(P)+ reduction. The NAD(P)H response to both agonists was dependent on the mobilisation of stored Ca2+. We found no difference in the efficacy of transmission of the [Ca2+]c signal to mitochondria in response to PGF2alpha and ATP. Raising [Ca2+]c with ionomycin increased the NAD(P)H signal, which was further raised by PGF2alpha but not by ATP. These data suggest that PGF2alpha potentiates the Ca2+-induced stimulation of mitochondrial metabolism by a Ca2+-independent mechanism and shows that agonists may modulate mitochondrial function differentially through a novel process beyond the simple transfer of Ca2+ from ER to mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- János G Pitter
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University and Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 259, H-1444 Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Nishimura R, Shibaya M, Skarzynski DJ, Okuda K. Progesterone stimulation by LH involves the phospholipase-C pathway in bovine luteal cells. J Reprod Dev 2004; 50:257-61. [PMID: 15118253 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.50.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH)-stimulated steroidogenesis in luteal cells is known to be mediated through the activation of cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase, and to be also modulated by calcium-dependent mechanisms. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that LH stimulates progesterone (P4) production in bovine luteal cells through activation of phospholipase (PL) C by using a cell culture system. Bovine mid-luteal cells (Days 8-12 of the estrous cycle) were cultured for 24 h and then exposed to a PLC inhibitor (U-73122; 10 microM) with or without LH (10 ng/ml) for 4 h. U-73122 blocked LH-stimulated P4 production without affecting cAMP accumulation. Moreover, exposure of luteal cells to PLC increased P4 production in a dose-dependent manner. These results support the hypothesis that the luteotropic action of LH in bovine luteal cells is mediated not only by activation of adenylate cyclase but also by activation of PLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nishimura
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Japan
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4
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Milvae RA, Hinckley ST, Carlson JC. Luteotropic and luteolytic mechanisms in the bovine corpus luteum. Theriogenology 1996; 45:1327-49. [PMID: 16727885 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(96)00100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/1995] [Accepted: 03/05/1996] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The function of the corpus luteum (CL) is a key element in many reproductive processes including ovulation, length of the estrous cycle, recognition of pregnancy and embryo survival in all mammalian species. The main function of the CL is to produce progesterone which acts on its tissues to prepare them for successful pregnancy. The CL is controlled by numerous biological compounds which provide luteotropic support during the estrous cycle and pregnancy and for inducing luteolysis at the end of the cycle The purpose of this paper is to review the mechansims responsible for controlling the endocrine function of this tissue in the bovine ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Milvae
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Davis JS, May JV, Keel BA. Mechanisms of hormone and growth factor action in the bovine corpus luteum. Theriogenology 1996; 45:1351-80. [PMID: 16727886 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(96)00101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/1995] [Accepted: 03/05/1996] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The binding of hormones and growth factors to their cell surface receptors leads to an orderly cascade of events leading to activation of cytoplasmic effector molecules. The mechanism of action of luteinizing hormone involves the stimulation of multiple signal transduction effector systems including adenylyl cyclase and inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C (PLC). This results in the formation of second messengers that activate cAMP-dependent, Ca(2+)-dependent and lipid-dependent protein kinases. Prostaglandin F(2alpha) activates PLC which increases intracellular calcium and activates protein kinase C. This results in the activation of a series of protein kinases in the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade, leading to the activation of nuclear transcription factors c-fos and c-jun. Hormone responsive effector systems, therefore, operate by activating families of protein kinases which regulate cell metabolism, secretion, and gene transcription. Growth factors activate specific receptor protein tyrosine kinases which recruit additional signaling molecules (phospholipase Cgamma, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Shc, Grb2, etc.) initiating a cascade of events mediated via MAP kinases. The signaling pathways activated by hormones interact or cross talk with the signaling pathways activated by growth factors. The diversity of cellular signaling mechanisms elicited by hormones and the potential for interactions with signals generated by growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, may allow fine tuning of cellular responses during the life span of the corpus luteum.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Davis
- The Women's Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, KS 67214-3199, USA
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Hansel W, Blair RM. Bovine corpus luteum: A historic overview and implications for future research. Theriogenology 1996; 45:1267-94. [PMID: 16727883 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(96)00098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/1995] [Accepted: 03/05/1996] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Hansel
- Department of Animal Science and Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Houmard BS, Guan Z, Stokes BT, Ottobre JS. The effects of gonadotropin on the phosphatidylinositol pathway in the primate corpus luteum. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1994; 104:113-20. [PMID: 7821703 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(94)90057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate the effects of gonadotropin on basal and prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha-induced activity of the phosphatidylinositol pathway in corpora lutea (CL) of rhesus monkeys. Luteal progesterone production in vitro was significantly stimulated (P < 0.05) by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Neither basal nor PGF2 alpha-induced phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis was significantly influenced by hCG in CL of various ages (P > 0.10). Gonadotropin did induce a slight, yet sustained, increase (P < 0.05) in [Ca2+]i in approximately 70% of luteal cells. The maximal increase in [Ca2+]i in response to hCG (approximately 100 nM) was about one-tenth that induced by PGF2 alpha (approximately 1000 nM). hCG treatment did not alter (P > 0.10) the increase in [Ca2+]i induced by PGF2 alpha Treatment-induced changes in [Ca2+]i did not differ between small (17-21 microns) and large (23-28 microns) luteal cells. Therefore, luteolytic agents are more potent activators of the phosphatidylinositol pathway than luteotropins. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the phosphatidylinositol pathway is involved in primate luteal regression. The inability of hCG to acutely alter the responsiveness of this pathway to PGF2 alpha suggests that CG may rescue the CL of early pregnancy via a mechanism other than direct inhibition of the luteolytic actions of PGF2 alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Houmard
- Department of Dairy Science, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
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Lauber ME, Picton HM, Begeot M, Momoi K, Waterman MR, Simpson ER. Regulation of CYP11A gene expression in bovine ovarian granulosa cells in primary culture by cAMP and phorbol esters is conferred by a common cis-acting element. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1993; 94:235-42. [PMID: 8224526 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(93)90172-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Production and secretion of steroid hormones throughout the ovarian cycle occurs in a highly episodic and coordinated fashion that requires precise and finely tuned regulatory mechanisms. The regulation of ovarian steroidogenesis by the gonadotropin follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) as well as by other factors occurs, at least in part, at the level of expression of the genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes. The present study is aimed at the elucidation of regulatory mechanisms by which cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein kinase C regulate cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A) gene expression in bovine granulosa cells in primary culture. As a first step we characterized the bovine granulosa cell cultures with regard to regulation of P450scc activity and mRNA levels upon treatment with forskolin and/or the phorbol ester TPA. Forskolin, a potent stimulator of cAMP generation, increased both progesterone secretion and P450scc mRNA levels. In contrast, treatment with TPA alone decreased both basal progesterone production and P450scc mRNA accumulation. Co-treatment with forskolin and TPA decreased progesterone and P450scc mRNA levels as compared to forskolin treatment alone. The possibility that TPA interfered with the forskolin-stimulated cAMP production could be excluded because simultaneous treatment of granulosa cells with TPA and forskolin potentiated the formation of cAMP. In order to identify regulatory sequences within the 5' flanking region of the bovine CYP11A gene, chimeric DNA constructs comprizing regions of the CYP11A gene fused to a beta-globin-derived reporter gene were transfected into granulosa cells in primary culture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Lauber
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9051
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Kraak GVD. Mechanisms by which calcium ionophore and phorbol ester modulate steroid production by goldfish preovulatory ovarian follicles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402620306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pal R, Talwar GP, Saxena A, Sam MG, Rathnam P, Saxena BB. Biological actions of monoclonal antibodies to bovine lutropin receptor. J Reprod Immunol 1992; 22:87-103. [PMID: 1522565 DOI: 10.1016/0165-0378(92)90008-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) were produced against bovine Lutropin receptor (LH-R). Antibodies were detected by an enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Hybridomas were subcloned to achieve monoclonality. Ascites were developed in Balb/c mice. Hybridoma supernatants were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatography on hydroxylapatite columns. LH-R antibodies showed upto 50% inhibition of 125I-labeled hCG binding to bovine luteal cell membranes and up to 80% inhibition of testosterone production by hCG stimulated mouse Leydig cells. LH-R antibodies were predominantly IgM isotype. Purified antibodies showed a 78-kDa band, in SDS-PAGE, as the heavy chain of the immunoglobulin. LH-R antibodies were localized specifically in the thecal and luteal cells of the rat ovaries as well as in the Leydig cell of mouse testes. Injections of the LH-R antibody caused a constant estrus in normal rats. One month after the cessation of the injections the animals returned to normal estrus cycle and fertility. Pregnant mice injected with LH-R antibodies produced only 3 viable pregnancies and 10 pups, as compared to 8 pregnancies and 45 pups born to normal controls. LH-R antibodies also caused, approximately, a 50% reduction in testosterone production in normal male rats. These observations indicate a high degree of specificity of the Mab to LH-R and their potential in studies on gonadal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pal
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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11
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Santoian EC, Angerio AD, Schneidkraut MJ, Ramwell PW, Kot PA. Calcium utilization associated with U-46619 and PGF2a vascular responses in rat lungs. Angiology 1992; 43:163-8. [PMID: 1536478 DOI: 10.1177/000331979204300211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The pulmonary vasoconstrictor responses to U-46619 and PGF2a are calcium dependent. The purpose of this investigation was to determine to what extent extracellular and intracellular calcium pools are utilized during the dose-dependent pulmonary vasopressor responses induced by multiple doses of U-46619 and PGF2a. Increasing doses of these agonists were administered to isolated rat lungs perfused with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate (KRB) or KRB not containing CaCL2. The data indicate that U-46619 uses predominantly extracellular calcium at low doses (0.1 microgram) and depends solely on intracellular calcium at the highest dose (0.4 microgram). In contrast PGF2a appears to use depletable intracellular calcium stores to achieve contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Santoian
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
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12
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Lauber M, Bengtson T, Waterman M, Simpson E. Regulation of CYP11A (P450SCC) and CYP17 (P450(17) alpha) gene expression in bovine luteal cells in primary culture. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)99144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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13
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Schaad N, Magistretti P, Schorderet M. Prostanoids and their role in cell-cell interactions in the central nervous system. Neurochem Int 1991; 18:303-22. [DOI: 10.1016/0197-0186(91)90161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Dowd JP, Alila HW, Hansel W. Phorbol ester receptors in bovine luteal cells: relationship to protein kinase C. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1990; 69:199-206. [PMID: 2328828 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(90)90013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the binding kinetics of the tumor-promoting phorbol ester, phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PBt2) to dispersed total bovine luteal cells, purified small luteal cells, and purified luteal protein kinase C (PKC). Saturation analysis and competitive displacement techniques were used. Binding of [3H]PBt2 to total luteal cell preparations resulted in two distinct affinities. The high affinity component was characterized by a Kd of 4.5 +/- 1.5 nM. Analysis of [3H]PBt2 binding to total cells using competitive displacement demonstrated that the low affinity binding was specific and displaceable but dependent on concentrations of [3H]PBt2 far above the Kd for the high affinity binding. In contrast to the total cell preparations, only high affinity binding was observed in intact purified small luteal cells (Kd = 0.96 +/- 0.04 nM). Partial purification of luteal cytosolic PKC by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography resulted in co-elution of PKC enzyme activity and the [3H]PBt2 binding activity. Under conditions of saturating calcium (0.1 mM) and phosphatidylserine (PS) (100 micrograms/tube) concentrations, binding to the partially purified PKC preparation was found to be of a single high affinity and exhibited a Kd (1.3 +/- 0.2 nM) similar to the high affinity binding observed in intact cells. These results suggest that the primary phorbol ester receptor in luteal cells is PKC. However, a low affinity, high capacity [3H]PBt2 binding site also exists within the corpus luteum, either in the large cells or in the accessory cell fraction which consists mainly of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Dowd
- Department of Physiology, NYS College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853
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