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Esfahanian M, Asl AM. Evaluation of radiopacity of cements used in implant-supported prosthesis by indirect digital radiography: an in-vitro study. Eur J Transl Myol 2023; 33:11940. [PMID: 38050411 PMCID: PMC10811638 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to help dentists in choosing the right type of cement for implant-based prostheses, the radiopacity of commonly used cements available in the market was investigated by digital radiography with PSP sensor. In the present study, temporary cements of TempBond (Kerr, Germany), TempBond clear (Kerr, Germany), Dycal (Dentsply, USA) and permanent cements of Multilink N (Ivoclar, Brazil), Panavia F 2.0 (Kurrary, Japan), Fuji plus (GC, Japan), RelyX (3M, USA), Durelon (3M, USA) were used. Four pill-like samples with 0.5 mm and 1 mm thickness and 5 mm in diameter inside the silicon index as recommended by the manufacturer were prepared for each cement. Aluminum step wedge (99% aluminum alloy) was used as control. Using digital radiography, cement and aluminum step wedge samples were radiographed. The images of cement tablets were measured by digital radiography using DFW software to check their radiopacity values. Bonferroni test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparison of cements. The highest radiopacity between the group of 1 and 0.5 mm thickness was related to Glass ionomer Fujiplus GC (2407±45.99) and TempBond (137.21±22.46) cement, respectively. Whereas, the lowest radiopacity among the groups was related to Clear cement. The difference between the mean radiopacities among the studied groups was statistically significant (p<0.001). Based on the results, among the available cements, Glass ionomer Fujiplus GC and TempBond cement are the most efficient for 1 and 0.5 mm thickness, respectively, and Clear cement is the least efficient cement in both groups in terms of radiopacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahla Esfahanian
- Dental research center, Faculty of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan.
| | - Amin Mahdavi Asl
- Dental research center, Faculty of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan.
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Karadas M. Do universal adhesives provide the benefits from double-application or an extra bonding layer in composite repair? Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:1363-1370. [PMID: 34811843 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether the application of extra hydrophobic resin (EHR) or double layer (DL) improves microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of two universal adhesives to composite resin. Composite blocks were fabricated and exposed to thermal cycles. The specimens were horizontally sectioned into two halves. Scotch Bond Universal (SBU) and Clearfil S3 Bond Universal (CSBU) were applied to the ground composite surface according to the manufacturers' instructions, or with DL application or EHR application. The repair composite was incrementally placed to bonded planes. Composite sticks were achieved and tensed with a universal testing machine, followed by examining the fracture surfaces by a scanning electron microscope. Data were evaluated by Weibull analysis (shape and scale [σθ and σ0.10 ] parameters) using the maximum likelihood method. The σθ and σ0.10 , respectively, estimate strength at 63.2 and 10% probability of failure. Shape parameter values showed significant differences among treatments. DL application of CSBU did not affect μTBS values at σθ of failure but caused to decrease μTBS values at σ0.10 of failure. DL application of SBU reduced μTBS values at σθ of failure. DL or EHR coating did not improve μTBS of SBU. EHR application increased μTBS of CSBU, whereas DL application did not benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Karadas
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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Erzurumlu ZU, Sagirkaya CE, Erzurumlu K. Evaluation of radiopacities of CAD/CAM restorative materials and resin cements by digital radiography. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:5735-5741. [PMID: 33704572 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03875-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to compare the radiopacities of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) blocks and the adhesive cements used for their bonding. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1 ± 0.2 mm thick specimens were obtained from six different CAD/CAM blocks (Incoris TZI, IPS e.max CAD, Vita Mark II, Cerasmart, Vita Enamic, and Vita Suprinity), four different adhesive resin cements (Panavia F2.0, Variolink Esthetic DC, RelyX Unicem Aplicap, G-CEM LinkAce), and a tooth. Radiographs of the specimens from each group, a tooth section, and an aluminum (Al) step-wedge were acquired. The radiopacity values of the materials were calculated as equivalents of Al thickness using the gray level values. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. RESULTS All the materials except Cerasmart and Vita Enamic had significantly higher radiopacity values than dentin (p < 0.05). Of the assessed blocks, the highest radiopacity value was observed in Incoris TZI, and the lowest radiopacity value was observed in Vita Enamic. Variolink Esthetic DC and RelyX Unicem Aplicap showed significantly higher radiopacity (p < 0.05) than the other adhesive cements, including enamel and dentin. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the majority of the CAD/CAM materials and all the adhesive resin cements were found to have sufficient radiopacity for prosthetic restorations according to the criteria set by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). CLINICAL RELEVANCE From a clinical and biological point of view, materials should be chosen according to their radiopacity and other properties, such as biocompatibility and esthetics. If the selected restorative CAD/CAM blocks have a radiopacity value less than or equal to dentin, cements with higher radiopacity values are recommended to facilitate radiological diagnoses for periphery and interface of restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerrin Unal Erzurumlu
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.
| | | | - Kerem Erzurumlu
- Department of Computer Programming, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
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Pekkan G, Saridag S, Pekkan K, Helvacioglu DY. Comparative radiopacity of conventional and full-contour Y-TZP ceramics. Dent Mater J 2017; 35:257-63. [PMID: 27041016 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2015-194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of different yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) ceramics used in the fabrication of fixed dental prostheses. Disk-shaped specimens (N=120, n=30 per group) were fabricated with thicknesses of 0.3, 0.5, and 1 mm from the following four Y-TZP ceramics: Cercon ht (Degudent) (CZ), Prettau (Zirkonzahn) (ZZ), Alliance (Kuraray Noritake Dental) (NA), and Ice Zirkon (Zirkonzahn) (ICE). The optical densities of each material were measured from radiographic images, and each material (N=1) were characterized by using XRD and SEM. The results were analyzed with oneway analysis of variance and the Tukey-Kramer test (α=0.05). In the case of the ICE and NA specimens, the radiopacity significantly differed with thickness (p<0.05). However, the radiopacities of 0.5- and 0.3-mm-thick CZ and ZZ specimens were not significantly different (p>0.05). Full-contour Y-TZP materials have higher radiopacities than those of the conventional Y-TZP materials in decreased thicknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gürel Pekkan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Dumlupinar University
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Yasa B, Kucukyilmaz E, Yasa E, Ertas ET. Comparative study of radiopacity of resin-based and glass ionomer-based bulk-fill restoratives using digital radiography. J Oral Sci 2017; 57:79-85. [PMID: 26062855 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.57.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the radiopacity values of glass ionomer- and resin-based bulk-fill restoratives of different thicknesses using digital radiography. Two glass ionomer-based and three resin-based bulk-fill restoratives, and a conventional composite were studied. Five disc-shaped specimens were prepared from each of these materials at three different thicknesses; specimens of enamel and dentin with the same thicknesses were also prepared. Materials were placed over a complementary metal oxide-semiconductor sensor together with the tooth specimen and an aluminum step-wedge, and then exposed using a dental X-ray unit. The images were analyzed using a software program to measure the mean gray values (MGVs), which were converted to equivalent aluminum thicknesses. Two-way ANOVA was used to investigate the significance of differences among the groups. The GCP Glass Fill specimens showed the lowest radiopacity values, and the Quixfil specimens had the highest values. All materials had higher radiopacity values than enamel and dentin, except for GCP Glass Fill, which had a radiopacity similar to that of enamel. The resin-based bulk-fill restoratives had significantly higher radiopacity values than glass ionomer-based restoratives. All of the tested materials showed radiopacity values higher than that of dentin, as recommended by the ISO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Yasa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University
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Hosney S, Abouelseoud HK, El-Mowafy O. Radiopacity of Resin Cements Using Digital Radiography. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2017; 29:215-221. [PMID: 28417581 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Monitoring performance of glass-ceramic based indirect restorations using radiographic imaging might be difficult due to their low radiopacity. Therefore, materials used for their cementation must possess adequate radiopacity. PURPOSE This study determined radiopacity of a group of resin-cements used for adhesive-cementation of glass-ceramic-based restorations using digital radiography. METHODS Two specimens were prepared from a group of resin cements (VariolinkII-opaque, VariolinkII-opaque (base), VariolinkII-Transparent, VariolinkII-Transparent (base), Nexus, RelyX Unicem, RelyX ultimate, Duolink, Monocem and Resinomer) and longitudinal sections of same thickness were obtained from molar and premolar. Specimens were assigned to two groups one had molar section with 10 specimens whereas other had premolar with remaining 10 specimens. Each group was placed on digital radiograph sensor (Schick CDR, size 2) together with aluminum step-wedge. Sensor was exposed to X-ray using standard technique. Two images were obtained for each group. Pixel measurements were made using NIH Image-J software. Mean pixel measurements were converted into aluminum thickness equivalents. Data were statistically-analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests. RESULTS ANOVA revealed significant difference in mean pixel values among cements (p < 0.001). VariolinkII-opaque showed highest mean aluminum equivalent (4.6 mm Al/1 mm) followed by VariolinkII-opaque-Base (4.5 mm Al/1 mm), VariolinkII-transparent (4.45 mm Al/1 mm), VariolinkII-transparent-Base (4.45 mm Al/1 mm), Nexus (2.95 mm Al/1 mm), Duolink (2.7 mm Al/1 mm), RelyX Unicem (2.2 mm Al/1 mm) and finally RelyX ultimate (2 mm Al/1 mm). All cements had mean radiopacity values higher than that of enamel whereas Monocem (1.25 mm Al/1 mm) and Resinomer (1.2 mm Al/1 mm) had means between those of enamel and dentin. CONCLUSIONS All tested resin-cements showed radiopacity values higher than that of dentin which is adequate for diagnostic purposes according to ISO recommendation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of resin cement with adequate radiopacity for adhesive cementation of glass-ceramic based restorations enables their radiographic monitoring. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:215-221, 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Hosney
- Research Associate, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G1G6, Canada
| | - Hanan K Abouelseoud
- Professor of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar El-Mowafy
- Professor and Head of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G1G6, Canada
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Dukic W. Radiopacity of Composite Luting Cements Using a Digital Technique. J Prosthodont 2017; 28:e450-e459. [PMID: 28072486 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the radiopacity of 20 common dental composite luting materials using a digital technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 1-mm-thick specimen of each material with a human tooth slice and aluminium step wedge were tested using digital radiographs under four combinations of exposure and voltage. The radiopacity in pixels was determined using computer software. The equivalent thickness of aluminium for each material was then calculated based on the calibration curve. RESULTS All tested materials except one had higher radiopacity than dentin (p > α; α = 0.01), and 80% of the materials had radiopacity above enamel value (p > α; α = 0.01). Moreover, 40% of tested materials had radiopacity of three times above the minimal International Organization for Standardization (ISO) values for composite luting cements. At all exposure values, the highest radiopacity was for Solocem and Multilink groups of materials, at three to six times above dentin radiopacity. Only Variolink Veneer showed radiopacity below dentin and enamel. CONCLUSIONS Composite luting materials should have radiopacity above ISO values or greater than the dentin or enamel equivalent. The highest radiopacity values were for the Solocem and Multilink family composite luting cements. Clinicians should choose materials with high radiopacity values, and manufacturers should be aware of the radiopacity values when introducing materials on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Dukic
- School of Dental Medicine University of Zagreb, Croatia
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Raitz R, Moruzzi PD, Vieira G, Fenyo-Pereira M. Radiopacity of 28 Composite Resins for Teeth Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17:136-42. [PMID: 27207002 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Radiopacity is a fundamental requisite to check marginal adaptation of restorations. Our objective was to assess the radiopacity of 28 brands of light-cured composite resins and compare their radiopacity with that of enamel, dentin, and aluminum of equivalent thickness. MATERIALS AND METHODS Composite resin disks (0.2, 0.5, and 1 mm) were radiographed by the digital method, together with an aluminum penetrometer and a human tooth equivalent tooth section. The degree of radiopacity of each image was quantified using digital image processing. Wilcoxon nonparametric test was used for comparison of the mean thickness of each material. RESULTS All of the materials tested had an equal or greater radiopacity than that of aluminum of equivalent thickness. Similar results for enamel were found with the exception of Durafill, which was less radiopaque than enamel (p < 0.05). All the specimens were more radiopaque than dentin, except for P90 (which was equally radiopaque) and Durafill (which was less radiopaque). The thickness of the specimens may influence the similarity to the enamel's radiopacity. All of the composite resins comply with specification #27 of the American Dental Association. The radiopacity of Amelogen Plus, Aph, Brilhiante, Charisma, Concept Advanced, Evolux X, Exthet X, Inten S, Llis, Master Fill, Natural Look, Opallis, P60, Tetric, Tph, Z100, and Z250 was significantly higher than that of enamel (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION With these composites, it is possible to observe the boundaries between restoration and tooth structure, thus allowing clinicians to establish the presence of microleakage or restoration gap. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Suitable radiopacity is an essential requisite for good-quality esthetic restorative materials. We demonstrate that only some composites have the sufficient radiopacity to observe the boundaries between restoration and tooth structure, which is the main cause of restoration failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Raitz
- Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Diagnosis and Oral Radiology, Sao Leopoldo Mandic Research Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Phone: +551136735270, e-mail:
| | | | - Glauco Vieira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry University of Sao Paulo (FOUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlene Fenyo-Pereira
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo (FOUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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de Moraes Porto ICC, Honório NC, Amorim DAN, de Melo Franco AV, Penteado LAM, Parolia A. Comparative radiopacity of six current adhesive systems. J Conserv Dent 2014; 17:65-9. [PMID: 24554865 PMCID: PMC3915390 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.124151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The radiopacity of contemporary adhesive systems has been mentioned as the indication for replacement of restorations due to misinterpretation of radiographic images. AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the radiopacity of contemporary bonding agents and to compare their radiodensities with those of enamel and dentin. METHODS AND MATERIALS To measure the radiopacity, eight specimens were fabricated from Clearfil SE Bond (CF), Xeno V (XE), Adper SE Bond (ASE), Magic Bond (MB), Single Bond 2 (SB), Scotchbond Multipurpose (SM), and gutta-percha (positive control). The optical densities of enamel, dentin, the bonding agents, gutta-percha, and an aluminium (Al) step wedge were obtained from radiographic images using image analysis software. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The radiographic density data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α =0.05). RESULTS Significant differences were found between ASE and all other groups tested and between XE and CF. No statistical difference was observed between the radiodensity of 1 mm of Al and 1 mm of dentin, between 2 mm of Al and enamel, and between 5 mm of Al and gutta-percha. Five of the six adhesive resins had radiopacity values that fell below the value for dentin, whereas the radiopacity of ASE adhesive was greater than that of dentin but below that of enamel. CONCLUSION This investigation demonstrates that only ASE presented a radiopacity within the values of dentin and enamel. CF, XE, MB, SB, and SM adhesives are all radiolucent and require alterations to their composition to facilitate their detection by means of radiographic images.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naira Cândido Honório
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Cesmac University Center, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Abhishek Parolia
- Faculty of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Hemasathya BA, Balagopal S. A study of composite restorations as a tool in forensic identification. J Forensic Dent Sci 2013; 5:35-41. [PMID: 23960413 PMCID: PMC3746471 DOI: 10.4103/0975-1475.114561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Comparing ante-mortem and post-mortem dental data is a principal method of identification in forensic odontology. Radiographic images of amalgam have been used in dental forensics for identification due to their unique appearance. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether radio-opaque composite restorations have a potential for identification in forensic odontology. Materials and Methods: Thirty typodont mandibular first molar teeth were prepared with Class-II (proximo-occlusal) cavities and restored with a radio-opaque composite (Tetric N-Ceram). Two sets of standardized radiographs were taken from the 30 teeth, keeping the radiological parameters constant. One set of these 30 radiographs was named as SET 1. Ten randomly chosen radiographs from the other set and two other radiographs of Class-II composite restorations in typodont teeth constituted SET 2. Thirty dentally trained examiners were asked to match the 12 radiographic images of SET 2 with those of SET 1. Results: The results show that 15 examiners were able to correctly match all the 12 images. Statistical analysis was done using kappa statistical test. Conclusion: This study shows that, if the post-mortem radiographs are accurate duplicates of ante-mortem radiographs of composite restorations, then the shape of the composite restoration is unique and can be used for identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahavathi Ananthan Hemasathya
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, The Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, India
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Leitune VCB, Collares FM, Takimi A, Lima GBD, Petzhold CL, Bergmann CP, Samuel SMW. Niobium pentoxide as a novel filler for dental adhesive resin. J Dent 2013; 41:106-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Leitune VCB, Collares FM, Trommer RM, Andrioli DG, Bergmann CP, Samuel SMW. The addition of nanostructured hydroxyapatite to an experimental adhesive resin. J Dent 2013; 41:321-7. [PMID: 23313828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Was produced nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAnano) and evaluated the influence of its incorporation in an adhesive resin. METHODS HAnano was produced by a flame-based process and was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The surface area, particle size, micro-Raman and cytotoxicity were evaluated. The organic phase was formulated by mixing 50 wt.% Bis-GMA, 25 wt.% TEGDMA, and 25 wt.% HEMA. HAnano was added at seven different concentrations: 0; 0.5; 1; 2; 5; 10 and 20 wt.%. Adhesive resins with hydroxyapatite incorporation were evaluated for their radiopacity, degree of conversion, flexural strength, softening in solvent and microshear bond strength. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α=0.05), except for softening in solvent (paired t-test) and cytotoxicity (two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni). RESULTS HAnano presented 15.096 m(2)/g of specific surface area and a mean size of 26.7 nm. The radiopacity values were not different from those of 1-mm aluminium. The degree of conversion ranged from 52.2 to 63.8%. The incorporation of HAnano did not influence the flexural strength, which ranged from 123.3 to 143.4MPa. The percentage of reduction of the microhardness after immersion in the solvent became lower as the HAnano concentration increased. The addition of 2% nanostructured hydroxyapatite resulted in a higher value of microshear bond strength than the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The incorporation of 2% of nanostructured hydroxyapatite into an adhesive resin presented the best results. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The incorporation of nanostructured hydroxyapatite increases the adhesive properties and may be a promising filler for adhesive resin.
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Hitij T, Fidler A. Radiopacity of dental restorative materials. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:1167-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0797-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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PEKKAN G, ÖZCAN M. Radiopacity of different resin-based and conventional luting cements compared to human and bovine teeth. Dent Mater J 2012. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2011-079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Ceramics should be radiopaque enough to be seen on radiographs and to be distinguishable from tooth structures. Information on the radiopacity of different ceramics used in restorative dentistry is limited. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the radiopacity of ceramics in comparison with human and bovine dental hard tissues and metals. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 128 disk-shaped specimens, 6 × 1 mm (n=8), were prepared from dental ceramic materials and metals. The optical densities of each material, along with 2 tooth sections (canine and molar teeth), bovine dentin and enamel specimens, and 2 different aluminum step wedges, were measured from radiographic images using a transmission densitometer. The optical densities of the specimens were used to determine the equivalent aluminum thicknesses. The data were analyzed by nonparametric 1-way ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis) and Student-Newman-Keuls multiple range tests for post hoc comparison (α=.05). RESULTS Among ceramic materials, Cercon Zirconia had the highest and the Cergo Pressable Ceramic had the lowest radiopacity values. Cergo Pressable Ceramic, Noritake Super Porcelain EX3 dentin, IPS Empress e.max Press, Cercon Kiss dentin, IPS Empress 2, Cercon Ceram dentin, bovine dentin, human canine, and molar tooth dentin radiopacity measurements were not significantly different. The radiopacity measurements of In-Ceram Alumina, In-Ceram Spinell, Celay Alumina, Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V), Celay Zirconia, In-Ceram Zirconia, NiCr alloy, Wieland Zirconia, Cercon Zirconia, and 22-carat gold were significantly higher than that of bovine enamel (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Significant differences in radiopacity were found among ceramic materials, when compared to metals, bovine enamel and human and bovine dentin. Cercon and Wieland Zirconia had high radiopacity values, which were similar to metals.
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Frisk F, Merdad K, Reit C, Hugoson A, Birkhed D. Root-filled teeth and recurrent caries-a study of three repeated cross-sectional samples from the city of Jönköping, Sweden. Acta Odontol Scand 2011; 69:401-5. [PMID: 21492063 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2011.572291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that root-filled teeth are at a higher caries risk than non-root-filled teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two sub-samples from epidemiologically obtained data collected in 1983, 1993 and 2003 in the city of Jönköping, Sweden, were analysed. All the participants were examined clinically and radiographically and the type of filling and the presence or absence of caries were recorded. Sub-sample 1 comprised 832 individuals (9202 teeth) aged 20-70 years with at least eight premolars/molars. In sub-sample 2, 163 subjects (577 teeth) with only one or two decayed tooth surfaces and at least one tooth with full crown coverage were analysed. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis found that root-filled teeth were predictive of recurrent caries when controlling for the type of restoration in sub-sample 1 (OR = 1.68; 1.41-2.0; CI 95%) and sub-sample 2 (OR = 2.20; 1.07-4.52; CI 95%). CONCLUSION In support of the suggested hypothesis, the data revealed a significant association between root-filled teeth and recurrent caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Frisk
- Institute of Postgraduate Dental Education, Jönköping, Sweden
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Pedrosa RF, Brasileiro IV, dos Anjos Pontual ML, dos Anjos Pontual A, da Silveira MMF. Influence of materials radiopacity in the radiographic diagnosis of secondary caries: evaluation in film and two digital systems. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2011; 40:344-50. [PMID: 21831973 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/93764866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of restorative materials on false-positive diagnoses of secondary caries using three imaging systems. METHODS Class II preparations were made on the occlusal and mesial or distal faces of extracted healthy third molar teeth. The teeth were divided into five groups and, with the exception of Group 5, they received a flow resin base. Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 received a layer of Natural Flow (DFL, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), Filtek Flow (3M-ESPE, St. Paul, MN), Tetric Flow (Ivoclar/Vivadent, Liechtenstein, Germany) and Protect Liner F (Kuraray, Okayama, Japan) resins, respectively, and were restored with Filtek Supreme resin (3M-ESPE). Group 5 was restored with Filtek Supreme resin. The images on film and on the Digora Optime® (Helsinki, Finland) and charge coupled device (CCD) IOX (IOX, Monninkylä, Finland) digital systems were evaluated by five examiners and the data were analysed using the Fisher's exact and Friedman tests at a 5% level of significance. RESULTS Group 3 showed the highest rate of correct answers (restored tooth) and the lowest proportion of secondary caries diagnosis (P ≤ 0.05). Group 4 showed the highest rate of secondary caries diagnosis and the lowest proportion of correct answers (P ≤ 0.05). The systems for obtaining images presented were similar for each material. CONCLUSIONS The restorative material was found to have an influence on the diagnosis of secondary caries lesions by imaging. The imaging system had no influence. Materials with greater radiopacity, higher than that of enamel, were favourable for a true-negative diagnosis.
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Haak R, Wicht MJ, Hellmich M, Noack MJ. Detection of marginal defects of composite restorations with conventional and digital radiographs. Eur J Oral Sci 2002; 110:282-6. [PMID: 12206589 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0722.2002.21271.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of detecting approximal imperfections of composite fillings using three intraoral radiographic systems in vitro. Class II composite resin restorations (108) with three radiopacities (264, 306, 443% Al 99.5) of which 27 had marginal openings or overhangs, respectively, were conventionally (Ektaspeed plus) and digitally (Dexis, Digora) radiographed. Images were assessed by 10 observers for the presence of marginal gaps and overhangs, as well as for their need of restorative treatment according to a five-point confidence rating scale. The validity of the observations were expressed as areas under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (Aroc). Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant effects of 'radiographic system' and 'diagnostic purpose'. Marginal overhangs (Aroc = 0.90) were significantly easier to diagnose than openings (Aroc = 0.63). Marginal gaps were better detected on conventional and Dexis radiographs than on Digora images. the range of sensitivities and specificities of the treatment decision was 0.53-0.56 and 0.87-0.88, respectively. It was concluded that the validity of detecting marginal defects of composite resin restorations based on radiographs was only slightly affected by the radiographic system being used. The diagnosis of marginal gaps frequently resulted in false-positive and false-negative decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Haak
- Centre of Dental Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Cologne, Germany.
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Chan DC, Titus HW, Chung KH, Dixon H, Wellinghoff ST, Rawls HR. Radiopacity of tantalum oxide nanoparticle filled resins. Dent Mater 1999; 15:219-22. [PMID: 10551087 DOI: 10.1016/s0109-5641(99)00039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Radiopacity of composite resins allows radiographic distinction of existing restorations and recurrent caries. Current composites must be supplemented with heavy metal-containing glasses or minerals to achieve a desired radiopacity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of Tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) filled resins at varying percentage loadings. METHODS Methacrylate functionalized Ta2O5 nanoparticles (< 50 nm) in methanol-dissolved or powder forms were mixed into either glycerol dimethacrylate (GDMA) or a bisGMA, TEGDMA, bisEMA mixture (GTE). Specimens were made in a split brass mold (2 x 2 x 15 mm) and compared with an aluminum stepwedge (99.5% pure Al) and a dentin slice of the same thickness. Kodak Ultraspeed periapical X-ray film on a lead plate at a target distance of 45 cm was exposed at 70 kVp and 10 mA, for 0.5 s and processed automatically. Optical density was measured (n = 3) with an RMI Processor Control Densitometer. Radiopacity was calculated as percent relative linear attenuation coefficient (Alpha). ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls comparisons were used to determine significance at the 95% confidence level. RESULTS Radiopacity increased significantly with Ta2O5 loading (p = 0.001). Ta2O5 nanoparticle filled resins enter the optimal range of diagnostic detectability (alpha = 150-250) at 50 wt.% and approach equivalence with enamel at approximately 70 wt.%. SIGNIFICANCE The introduction of tantalum oxide nanoparticle filler has potential as a miscible component of a resin composite to provide radiopacity for microfiller-type restorative materials and to circumvent the need for hydrolysis-prone glass reinforcing fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Chan
- Medical College of Georgia, School of Dentistry, Augusta 30912, USA
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Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The practice of fixed prosthodontic has changed dramatically with the introduction of innovative techniques and materials. Adhesive resin systems are examples of these changes that have led to the popularity of bonded ceramics and resin-retained fixed partial dentures. Today's dentist has the choice of a water-based luting agent (zinc phosphate, zinc polycarboxylate, glass ionomer, or reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol) or a resin system with or without an adhesive. Recent formulations of glass ionomer luting agents include resin components (resin-modified glass ionomers), which are increasingly popular in clinical practice. PURPOSE This review summarizes the research on these systems with the goal of providing information that will help the reader choose the most suitable material. MATERIAL The scientific studies have been evaluated in relation to the following categories: (1) biocompatibility, (2) caries or plaque inhibition, (3) microleakage, (4) strength and other mechanical properties, (5) solubility, (6) water sorption, (7) adhesion, (8) setting stresses, (9) wear resistance, (10) color stability, (11) radiopacity, (12) film thickness or viscosity, and (13) working and setting times. In addition, guidelines on luting-agent manipulation are related to available literature and include: (1) temporary cement removal, (2) smear layer removal, (3) powder/liquid ratio, (4) mixing temperature and speed, (5) seating force and vibration, and (6) moisture control. Tables of available products and their properties are also presented together with current recommendations by the authors with a rationale.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Rosenstiel
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, Prosthodontics and Endodontics, Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, USA
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Abstract
To facilitate the detection of overhangs and defects adjacent to a filling, restorative materials should have a radiographic density higher than or at least similar to that of enamel. In the present study the density of 21 glass ionomer materials was measured and compared with the density of enamel, dentine, amalgam and aluminium. Most materials were more radiopaque than enamel, thereby satisfying the requirements as proposed by several investigators. The materials with lower density were mainly types intended for use in anterior teeth where the entire filling can more easily be examined clinically. They should not be used as a base under approximal fillings in order to avoid a false positive diagnosis of recurrent caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Skartveit
- Department of Oral Radiology, University of Bergen, Norway
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23
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O'Rourke B, Walls AW, Wassell RW. Radiographic detection of overhangs formed by resin composite luting agents. J Dent 1995; 23:353-7. [PMID: 8530726 DOI: 10.1016/0300-5712(94)00009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An in vitro model was used to assess the ability of standard radiographic techniques to detect marginal overhangs of resin composite luting agents beside porcelain and resin composite inlays. METHODS The radiodensity of five commercially available luting resins was determined using ISO 4049 methodology. For four of the luting agents, artificial overhangs (0.5 x 0.5 x 2 mm) were created at the cervical margin of standard resin composite and porcelain inlays. Radiographs were recorded, using wax as a tissue equivalent, and the overhangs reduced incrementally in depth by 0.5 mm with serial images at each depth. The images were assessed in random sequence by three observers. RESULTS There were significant differences between the radiopacity of the luting resins. These correlated well with the ability of the observers to detect marginal overhangs adjacent to resin composite inlays. CONCLUSIONS Even with the most radiopaque luting material, a substantial marginal ledge could not be detected in association with a radiopaque resin composite inlay. The threshold for detection of the overhang was lower when using a radiolucent porcelain inlay.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O'Rourke
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Wenzel A. Current trends in radiographic caries imaging. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 1995; 80:527-39. [PMID: 8556463 DOI: 10.1016/s1079-2104(05)80152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Caries prevalence, lesion site, and lesion behavior have changed over the past decade. This review looks at the impact of these changes on radiographic caries imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wenzel
- Department of Oral Radiology, Royal Dental College, University of Aarhus, Denmark
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Parks ET, Miles DA, Van Dis ML, Williamson GF, Razmus TF, Bricker SL. Effects of filtration, collimation, and target-receptor distance on artificial approximal enamel lesion detection with the use of RadioVisioGraphy. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, AND ORAL PATHOLOGY 1994; 77:419-26. [PMID: 8015809 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(94)90207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
RadioVisioGraphy is an imaging modality that uses a charge-coupled device electronic sensor. Dental charge-coupled device imaging can be used to detect dental caries; however, it was not known what effect beam collimation, added filtration, or variable target-receptor distance has on this task. The purpose of this investigation was to study these effects were imaged by conventional radiography and RadioVisioGraphy varying exposure time, target-receptor distance, collimation, and filtration. Printed RadioVisioGraphy images without enhancement and E-speed radiographs were evaluated by five viewers. The number of true-positives and false-positives were compared as were sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, accuracy, and entrance level radiation exposure. Added filtration reduced the false-positives regardless of collimation or target-receptor distance. True-positives and false-positives were greater at a target-receptor distance of 8 inch at exposures < 0.10 seconds (F < 0.0151). E-speed radiographs had a greater specificity and positive predictive value than RadioVisioGraphy images without image enhancement; however, no significant differences were found between RadioVisioGraphy images and E-speed radiographs in true-positive or false-positive identifications without image enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Parks
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis
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Goshima T, Goshima Y. Optimum radiopacity of composite inlay materials and cements. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, AND ORAL PATHOLOGY 1991; 72:257-60. [PMID: 1923406 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(91)90173-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the radiopacity of recently introduced post-cured composite resin inlays and the composite dual-cure resin cements. Composite cement used as a luting material should have a minimal radiopacity of at least the same thickness as aluminum, to help in accurate radiologic discrimination.
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