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Huang JP, Wang YJ, Tian T, Wang L, Yan Y, Huang SX. Tropane alkaloid biosynthesis: a centennial review. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1634-1658. [PMID: 33533391 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00076k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 1917 to 2020Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are a remarkable class of plant secondary metabolites, which are characterized by an 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (nortropane) ring. Members of this class, such as hyoscyamine, scopolamine, and cocaine, are well known for their long history as poisons, hallucinogens, and anaesthetic agents. Since the structure of the tropane ring system was first elucidated in 1901, organic chemists and biochemists have been interested in how these mysterious tropane alkaloids are assembled in vitro and in vivo. However, it was only in 2020 that the complete biosynthetic route of hyoscyamine and scopolamine was clarified, and their de novo production in yeast was also achieved. The aim of this review is to present the innovative ideas and results in exploring the story of tropane alkaloid biosynthesis in plants from 1917 to 2020. This review also highlights that Robinson's classic synthesis of tropinone, which is one hundred years old, is biomimetic, and underscores the importance of total synthesis in the study of natural product biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China. and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China.
| | - Tian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China. and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China.
| | - Yijun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China.
| | - Sheng-Xiong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China. and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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Jenett-Siems K, Weigl R, Böhm A, Mann P, Tofern-Reblin B, Ott SC, Ghomian A, Kaloga M, Siems K, Witte L, Hilker M, Müller F, Eich E. Chemotaxonomy of the pantropical genus Merremia (Convolvulaceae) based on the distribution of tropane alkaloids. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2005; 66:1448-64. [PMID: 15922373 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2005] [Revised: 04/12/2005] [Accepted: 04/12/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and distribution of tropane and biogenetically related pyrrolidine alkaloids in 18 Merremia species of paleo-, neo-, and pantropical occurrence have been studied. The extensive GC-MS study included members of almost all sections of the genus and has been carried out with epigeal vegetative parts as well as with roots. It comprises altogether 74 tropanes and 13 pyrrolidines including nicotine. Along with datumetine known already from a solanaceous species, the study led to the isolation (from M. dissecta and M. guerichii, respectively) and structure elucidation (spectral data) of four novel 3alpha-acyloxytropanes, merresectines A-D: 3alpha-(4-methoxybenzoyloxy)nortropane (A), 3alpha-kurameroyloxytropane (B), 3alpha-nervogenoyloxytropane (C), 3alpha-[4-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-methoxy-5-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)benzoyloxy]tropane (beta-d-glucoside of D). Moreover, the novel 3alpha,6beta-di-(4-methoxybenzoyloxy)tropane (merredissine) has been isolated from M. dissecta and structurally elucidated. In addition the structures of datumetine and merresectine A could be confirmed by synthesis. Spectral data for two known 3alpha-acyloxytropanes (merresectine E beta-D-glucoside, 4'-dihydroconsabatine) and one known 3beta-acyloxytropane (concneorine) are documented for the first time. The structures of three further merresectines (F-H) have been determined by mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the linkage (2',3- and 2',4-, respectively) of two position isomer N-methylpyrrolidinylhygrines was proven by synthesis. The results of the study contribute to the solution of infrageneric taxonomic problems. Whereas all species yield pyrrolidine alkaloids without suitably differentiating results the diverging occurrence of tropane alkaloids leads to three groups of sections: (1) taxa free of tropanes, (2) taxa with simple tropanes, and (3) taxa with merresectines in addition to simple tropanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Jenett-Siems
- Institut für Pharmazie (Pharmazeutische Biologie), Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Hoye TR, Bjorklund JA, Koltun DO, Renner MK. N-methylputrescine oxidation during cocaine biosynthesis: study of prochiral methylene hydrogen discrimination using the remote isotope method. Org Lett 2000; 2:3-5. [PMID: 10814231 DOI: 10.1021/ol990940s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] The stereoselectivity of N-methylputrescine (3) oxidation to pyrrolinium ion 4 in Erythroxylum coca during cocaine (1) biosynthesis was studied. The remote isotope method was used to advantage. Each enantiomer of 4-monodeuterated N-methylputrescine served as a precursor for plant feeding. To facilitate mass-spectrometric analysis of products, a 2H3 13C-methyl group was also incorporated into the 4-deuterio-N-methylputrescines. Oxidative deamination of N-methylputrescine was found to be stereoselective; the pro-S hydrogen atom is removed with 6-10:1 selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Hoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
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Robins RJ, Abraham TW, Parr AJ, Eagles J, Walton NJ. The Biosynthesis of Tropane Alkaloids in Datura stramonium: The Identity of the Intermediates between N-Methylpyrrolinium Salt and Tropinone. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja964461p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Robins
- Contribution from the Laboratoire d'Analyse Isotopique et Électrochimique de Métabolismes, CNRS UPRES-A 6006, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Nantes, BP 92208, 2 rue de la Houssinière, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 03, France, University of Minnesota, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, and Institute of Food Research (Norwich Laboratory), Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Timothy W. Abraham
- Contribution from the Laboratoire d'Analyse Isotopique et Électrochimique de Métabolismes, CNRS UPRES-A 6006, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Nantes, BP 92208, 2 rue de la Houssinière, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 03, France, University of Minnesota, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, and Institute of Food Research (Norwich Laboratory), Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Adrian J. Parr
- Contribution from the Laboratoire d'Analyse Isotopique et Électrochimique de Métabolismes, CNRS UPRES-A 6006, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Nantes, BP 92208, 2 rue de la Houssinière, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 03, France, University of Minnesota, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, and Institute of Food Research (Norwich Laboratory), Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - John Eagles
- Contribution from the Laboratoire d'Analyse Isotopique et Électrochimique de Métabolismes, CNRS UPRES-A 6006, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Nantes, BP 92208, 2 rue de la Houssinière, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 03, France, University of Minnesota, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, and Institute of Food Research (Norwich Laboratory), Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Walton
- Contribution from the Laboratoire d'Analyse Isotopique et Électrochimique de Métabolismes, CNRS UPRES-A 6006, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Nantes, BP 92208, 2 rue de la Houssinière, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 03, France, University of Minnesota, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, and Institute of Food Research (Norwich Laboratory), Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
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