1
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Roussel S, Udabe J, Bin Sabri A, Calderón M, Donnelly R. Leveraging novel innovative thermoresponsive polymers in microneedles for targeted intradermal deposition. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123847. [PMID: 38266945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Microneedles have garnered considerable attention over the years as a versatile pharmaceutical platform that could be leveraged to deliver drugs into and across the skin. In the current work, poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) is synthesized and characterized as a novel material for the development of a physiologically responsive microneedle-based drug delivery system. Typically, this polymer transitions reversibly between a swell state at lower temperatures and a more hydrophobic state at higher temperatures, enabling precise drug release. This study demonstrates that dissolving microneedles patches made from PNIPAm, incorporating BIS-PNIPAm, a crosslinked polymer variant, exhibit enhanced mechanical properties, evident from a smaller height reduction in microneedle (∼10 %). Although microneedles using PNIPAm alone were achievable, it displayed poor mechanical strength, requiring the inclusion of additional polymeric excipients like PVA to enhance mechanical properties. In addition, the incorporation of a thermoresponsive polymer did not have a significant (p > 0.05) impact on the insertion properties of the needles as all formulations inserted to a similar depth of 500 µm into ex vivo skin. Furthering this, the needles were loaded with a model payload, 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine perchlorate (DID) and the deposition of the cargo was monitored via multiphoton microscopy that showed that a deposit is formed at a depth of ≈200 µm. Also, it was revealed that crosslinked-PNIPAm (Bis-PNIPAm) formulations exhibited notable skin accumulationof the dye only after 4 h, independent of the excipient matrix used. This phenomenon was absent in non-crosslinked PNIPAm formulations, indicating a deposit formation in Bis-PNIPAm microneedle formulation. Collectively, this proof-of-concept study has advanced our understanding on the possibility to use PNIPAm for dissolving microneedle fabrication which could be harnessed for the deposition of nanoparticles into the dermis, for extended drug release within the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Roussel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Université Laval, 2705 Laurier Blvd, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Jakes Udabe
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Akmal Bin Sabri
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Division of Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ryan Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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2
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Peng YH, Hsiao SK, Gupta K, Ruland A, Auernhammer GK, Maitz MF, Boye S, Lattner J, Gerri C, Honigmann A, Werner C, Krieg E. Dynamic matrices with DNA-encoded viscoelasticity for cell and organoid culture. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:1463-1473. [PMID: 37550574 PMCID: PMC10716043 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell and organoid cultures rely on the mechanical support of viscoelastic matrices. However, commonly used matrix materials lack control over key cell-instructive properties. Here we report on fully synthetic hydrogels based on DNA libraries that self-assemble with ultrahigh-molecular-weight polymers, forming a dynamic DNA-crosslinked matrix (DyNAtrix). DyNAtrix enables computationally predictable and systematic control over its viscoelasticity, thermodynamic and kinetic parameters by changing DNA sequence information. Adjustable heat activation allows homogeneous embedding of mammalian cells. Intriguingly, stress-relaxation times can be tuned over four orders of magnitude, recapitulating mechanical characteristics of living tissues. DyNAtrix is self-healing, printable, exhibits high stability, cyto- and haemocompatibility, and controllable degradation. DyNAtrix-based cultures of human mesenchymal stromal cells, pluripotent stem cells, canine kidney cysts and human trophoblast organoids show high viability, proliferation and morphogenesis. DyNAtrix thus represents a programmable and versatile precision matrix for advanced approaches to biomechanics, biophysics and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Peng
- Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Syuan-Ku Hsiao
- Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Krishna Gupta
- Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - André Ruland
- Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Günter K Auernhammer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Polymer Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred F Maitz
- Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Boye
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johanna Lattner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Gerri
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alf Honigmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisha Krieg
- Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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3
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De Deene Y. Radiation Dosimetry by Use of Radiosensitive Hydrogels and Polymers: Mechanisms, State-of-the-Art and Perspective from 3D to 4D. Gels 2022; 8:gels8090599. [PMID: 36135311 PMCID: PMC9498652 DOI: 10.3390/gels8090599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gel dosimetry was developed in the 1990s in response to a growing need for methods to validate the radiation dose distribution delivered to cancer patients receiving high-precision radiotherapy. Three different classes of gel dosimeters were developed and extensively studied. The first class of gel dosimeters is the Fricke gel dosimeters, which consist of a hydrogel with dissolved ferrous ions that oxidize upon exposure to ionizing radiation. The oxidation results in a change in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation, which makes it possible to read out Fricke gel dosimeters by use of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The radiation-induced oxidation in Fricke gel dosimeters can also be visualized by adding an indicator such as xylenol orange. The second class of gel dosimeters is the radiochromic gel dosimeters, which also exhibit a color change upon irradiation but do not use a metal ion. These radiochromic gel dosimeters do not demonstrate a significant radiation-induced change in NMR properties. The third class is the polymer gel dosimeters, which contain vinyl monomers that polymerize upon irradiation. Polymer gel dosimeters are predominantly read out by quantitative MRI or X-ray CT. The accuracy of the dosimeters depends on both the physico-chemical properties of the gel dosimeters and on the readout technique. Many different gel formulations have been proposed and discussed in the scientific literature in the last three decades, and scanning methods have been optimized to achieve an acceptable accuracy for clinical dosimetry. More recently, with the introduction of the MR-Linac, which combines an MRI-scanner and a clinical linear accelerator in one, it was shown possible to acquire dose maps during radiation, but new challenges arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves De Deene
- Liverpool & Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centres, Liverpool, NSW 1871, Australia; or
- Ingham Institute, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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4
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Kenath GS, Karanastasis AA, Ullal CK. Super-Resolution Imaging of Spatial Heterogeneities in Model Thermosensitive Hydrogels with Implications for Their Origins. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gopal S. Kenath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Apostolos A. Karanastasis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Chaitanya K. Ullal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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5
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Prediction of Viscoelastic Properties of Enzymatically Crosslinkable Tyramine-Modified Hyaluronic Acid Solutions Using a Dynamic Monte Carlo Kinetic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147317. [PMID: 34298939 PMCID: PMC8306092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study deals with the mathematical modeling of crosslinking kinetics of polymer-phenol conjugates mediated by the Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP)-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) initiation system. More specifically, a dynamic Monte Carlo (MC) kinetic model is developed to quantify the effects of crosslinking conditions (i.e., polymer concentration, degree of phenol substitution and HRP and H2O2 concentrations) on the gelation onset time; evolution of molecular weight distribution and number and weight average molecular weights of the crosslinkable polymer chains and gel fraction. It is shown that the MC kinetic model can faithfully describe the crosslinking kinetics of a finite sample of crosslinkable polymer chains with time, providing detailed molecular information for the crosslinkable system before and after the gelation point. The MC model is validated using experimental measurements on the crosslinking of a tyramine modified Hyaluronic Acid (HA-Tyr) polymer solution reported in the literature. Based on the rubber elasticity theory and the MC results, the dynamic evolution of hydrogel viscoelastic and molecular properties (i.e., number average molecular weight between crosslinks, Mc, and hydrogel mesh size, ξ) are calculated.
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6
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Yu X, Qin Z, Wu H, Lv H, Yang X. Tuning Hydrogel Mechanics by Kinetically Dependent Cross-Linking. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yu
- University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Lin Z, Liu J. Low-temperature all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries based on a di-cross-linked starch solid electrolyte. RSC Adv 2019; 9:34601-34606. [PMID: 35530002 PMCID: PMC9074005 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07781b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The preparation of a low-temperature solid electrolyte is a challenge for the commercialization of the all-solid-state lithium-ion battery (ASSLIB). Here we report a starch-based solid electrolyte that displays phenomenal electrochemical properties below room temperature (RT). The starch host of the electrolyte is synthesized by two cross-linking reactions, which provide sufficient and orderly binding sites for the lithium salt to dissolve. At 25 °C, the solid electrolyte has exceptional ionic conductivity (σ, 3.10 × 10−4 S cm−1), lithium-ion transfer number (t+, 0.82) and decomposition potential (dP, 4.91 V). At −20 °C, it still has outstanding σ (3.10 × 10−5 S cm−1), t+ (0.72) and dP (5.50 V). The LiFePO4 ASSLIB assembled with the electrolyte exhibits unique specific capacity and long cycling life below RT, and the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 ASSLIB can operate at 4.3 V and 0 °C. This work provides a solution to solve the current challenges of ASSLIBs to widen their scope of applications. The all-solid-state lithium battery based on di-cross-linked starch electrolyte is applicable at low temperature.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Lin
- School of Metallurgy and Environment
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Jin Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
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8
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Garcia C, Gallardo A, López D, Elvira C, Azzahti A, Lopez-Martinez E, Cortajarena AL, González-Henríquez CM, Sarabia-Vallejos MA, Rodríguez-Hernández J. Smart pH-Responsive Antimicrobial Hydrogel Scaffolds Prepared by Additive Manufacturing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:1337-1347. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Garcia
- Polymer Functionalization Group (FUPOL), Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Alberto Gallardo
- Polymer Functionalization Group (FUPOL), Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Daniel López
- Macromolecular Engineering Group (MacroEng), Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Carlos Elvira
- Polymer Functionalization Group (FUPOL), Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Asma Azzahti
- Polymer Functionalization Group (FUPOL), Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Elena Lopez-Martinez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Carmen M. González-Henríquez
- Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente, Departamento de Química, P.O. Box 9845, Correo 21, 7800003, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio A. Sarabia-Vallejos
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Escuela de Ingeniería, Departamento de Ingeniería Estructural y Geotecnia, 3 Departamento de Química, P.O. Box 306, Correo 22, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Hernández
- Polymer Functionalization Group (FUPOL), Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
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9
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Abstract
Polymer-network gels often display nano- to microstructural inhomogeneity; this article reviews multiple types of origin of this structural feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Seiffert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
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10
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Shams Es-haghi S, Weiss RA. Fabrication of Tough Hydrogels from Chemically Cross-Linked Multiple Neutral Networks. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Shams Es-haghi
- Department of Polymer
Engineering, The University of Akron, 250 S. Forge St., Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United States
| | - R. A. Weiss
- Department of Polymer
Engineering, The University of Akron, 250 S. Forge St., Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United States
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11
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Aguiar LG. Mathematical Modeling of the Internal Surface Area of Copolymer Particles Based on Elementary Gel Structures. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201600023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro G. Aguiar
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Engineering School of Lorena; University of São Paulo; 12602-810 Lorena SP Brazil
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12
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Kang E, Jung S, Abel JH, Pine A, Yi H. Shape-Encoded Chitosan-Polyacrylamide Hybrid Hydrogel Microparticles with Controlled Macroporous Structures via Replica Molding for Programmable Biomacromolecular Conjugation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:5394-5402. [PMID: 27191399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric hydrogel microparticle-based suspension arrays with shape-based encoding offer powerful alternatives to planar and bead-based arrays toward high throughput biosensing and medical diagnostics. We report a simple and robust micromolding technique for polyacrylamide- (PAAm-) based biopolymeric-synthetic hybrid microparticles with controlled 2D shapes containing a potent aminopolysaccharide chitosan as an efficient conjugation handle uniformly incorporated in PAAm matrix. A postfabrication conjugation approach utilizing amine-reactive chemistries on the chitosan shows stable incorporation and retained chemical reactivity of chitosan, readily tunable macroporous structures via simple addition of low content long-chain PEG porogens for improved conjugation capacity and kinetics, and one-pot biomacromolecular assembly via bioorthogonal click reactions with minimal nonspecific binding. We believe that the integrated fabrication-conjugation approach reported here could offer promising routes to programmable manufacture of hydrogel microparticle-based biomacromolecular conjugation and biofunctionalization platforms for a large range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunae Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts 02155 United States
| | - Sukwon Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts 02155 United States
| | - John H Abel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts 02155 United States
| | - Allison Pine
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts 02155 United States
| | - Hyunmin Yi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts 02155 United States
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13
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Tikhonov VE, Blagodatskikh IV, Postnikov VA, Klemenkova ZS, Vyshivannaya OV, Khokhlov AR. New approach to the synthesis of a functional macroporous poly(vinyl alcohol) network and design of boronate affinity sorbent for protein separation. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Brandão ALT, Soares JBP, Pinto JC, Alberton AL. When Polymer Reaction Engineers Play Dice: Applications of Monte Carlo Models in PRE. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201500020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. T. Brandão
- Programa de Engenharia Química/COPPE; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Cidade Universitária; CP: 68502 Rio de Janeiro 21941-972 RJ Brazil
| | - João B. P. Soares
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada T6G 2V4
| | - José Carlos Pinto
- Programa de Engenharia Química/COPPE; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Cidade Universitária; CP: 68502 Rio de Janeiro 21941-972 RJ Brazil
| | - André L. Alberton
- Instituto de Química; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro 20550-900 RJ Brazil
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15
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Kinetics and crystallization in pH-sensitive free-radical crosslinking polymerization of acrylic acid. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Many polymer gels display network defects and crosslinking inhomogeneity. This review reflects and interrelates investigations on the characterization of such polymer-network heterogeneity and on its impact on the swelling, elasticity, and permeability of polymer gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Di Lorenzo
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- Soft Matter and Functional Materials
- D-14109 Berlin
- Germany
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute “Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine”
| | - S. Seiffert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- Soft Matter and Functional Materials
- D-14109 Berlin
- Germany
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute “Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine”
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17
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Shams Es-haghi S, Leonov AI, Weiss RA. Deconstructing the Double-Network Hydrogels: The Importance of Grafted Chains for Achieving Toughness. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500815d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Shams Es-haghi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 250 South Forge Street, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United States
| | - A. I. Leonov
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 250 South Forge Street, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United States
| | - R. A. Weiss
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 250 South Forge Street, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United States
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18
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Lazzari S, Hamzehlou S, Reyes Y, Leiza JR, Costa MRPFN, Dias RCS, Storti G. Bulk Crosslinking Copolymerization: Comparison of Different Modeling Approaches. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lazzari
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Shaghayegh Hamzehlou
- POLYMAT, Kimika Aplikatua saila, Kimika Zientzien Fakultatea; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa; Tolosa Hiribidea 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Yuri Reyes
- Departamento de Recursos de la Tierra; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Lerma (UAM-L). Av. Hidalgo 46; Col. La Estación, CP 52006 Lerma de Villada, México
| | - Jose Ramon Leiza
- POLYMAT, Kimika Aplikatua saila, Kimika Zientzien Fakultatea; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa; Tolosa Hiribidea 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Mário Rui P. F. N. Costa
- LSRE-Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto; Rua Roberto Frias s/n; 4200-465 Porto Portugal
| | - Rolando C. S. Dias
- LSRE-Instituto Politécnico de Bragança; Quinta de S. Apolónia; 5300 Bragança Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Storti
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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19
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Lazzari S, Pfister D, Diederich V, Kern A, Storti G. Modeling of Acrylamide/N,N′-Methylenebisacrylamide Solution Copolymerization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie403544d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lazzari
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Pfister
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Diederich
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Kern
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Storti
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Kim B, Hong D, Chang WV. Inhomogeneous swelling and mechanical properties of polystyrene bead-filled poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14035d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Position-dependent swelling rates, storage moduli (G′), and damping factors (G′′/G′) of mechanically enhanced polystyrene bead-filled poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels (FPAGs) were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungsoo Kim
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- University of Southern
- Los Angeles, USA
| | - Daesun Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Dankook University
- Yongin City, Republic of Korea
| | - Wenji V. Chang
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- University of Southern
- Los Angeles, USA
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21
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Lee CY, Teymour F, Camastral H, Tirelli N, Hubbell JA, Elbert DL, Papavasiliou G. Characterization of the Network Structure of PEG Diacrylate Hydrogels Formed in the Presence of N-Vinyl Pyrrolidone. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201300166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Yi Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Illinois Institute of Technology; 10 West 33rd Street Perlstein Hall 127 Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Fouad Teymour
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Illinois Institute of Technology; 10 West 33rd Street Perlstein Hall 127 Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Heinz Camastral
- Department of Materials and Institute for Biomedical Engineering; ETH-Zurich and University of Zurich; Moussonstrasse 18 CH-8044 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Department of Materials and Institute for Biomedical Engineering; ETH-Zurich and University of Zurich; Moussonstrasse 18 CH-8044 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey A. Hubbell
- Department of Materials and Institute for Biomedical Engineering; ETH-Zurich and University of Zurich; Moussonstrasse 18 CH-8044 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Donald L. Elbert
- Department of Materials and Institute for Biomedical Engineering; ETH-Zurich and University of Zurich; Moussonstrasse 18 CH-8044 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Georgia Papavasiliou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Illinois Institute of Technology; 3255 South Dearborn Street Wishnick Hall 314 Chicago IL 60616 USA
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22
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Es-haghi SS, Leonov AI, Weiss RA. On the Necking Phenomenon in Pseudo-Semi-Interpenetrating Double-Network Hydrogels. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4007494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Shams Es-haghi
- Department
of Polymer Engineering, 250 S. Forge St., The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United
States
| | - A. I. Leonov
- Department
of Polymer Engineering, 250 S. Forge St., The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United
States
| | - R. A. Weiss
- Department
of Polymer Engineering, 250 S. Forge St., The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United
States
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23
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Kryven I, Berkenbos A, Melo P, Kim DM, Iedema PD. Modeling Crosslinking Polymerization in Batch and Continuous Reactors. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201200073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Orakdogen N. Rapid pH-dependent phase transition and elasticity of stimuli-responsive cationic poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) hydrogels prepared with a dimethacrylate crosslinker. POLYM INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Orakdogen
- Istanbul Technical University; Department of Chemistry; 34469; Maslak; Istanbul; Turkey
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25
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Orakdogen N. Investigation of mechanical and thermodynamic properties of pH-sensitive poly(N,N
-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) hydrogels prepared with different crosslinking agents. POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Kizilel R, Kizilel S. Application of the Numerical Fractionation Approach to the Design of Biofunctional PEG Hydrogel Membranes. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Sedaghat M, Bujold R, Lepage M. Investigating potential physicochemical errors in polymer gel dosimeters. Phys Med Biol 2011; 56:6083-107. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/18/019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Chain JNM, Nasr AT, Schreiner LJ, McAuley KB. Mathematical Modeling of Depth-Dose Response of Polymer-Gel Dosimeters. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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29
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Alveroglu E, Yilmaz Y. Estimation of the Generation and the Weight Fraction of Dense Polymer Regions in Heterogeneous Hydrogels. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Aranaz I, Carrasco S, Tardajos MG, Elvira C, Reinecke H, López D, Gallardo A. Singular thermosensitivity of polymethyl methacrylate/poly-N-isopropylacrylamide conetworks prepared by a facile synthetic route. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00313a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Lowe JR, Martello MT, Tolman WB, Hillmyer MA. Functional biorenewable polyesters from carvone-derived lactones. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00283f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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32
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Kızılel S. Mathematical Model for Microencapsulation of Pancreatic Islets within a Biofunctional PEG Hydrogel. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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33
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Seetapan N, Wongsawaeng J, Kiatkamjornwong S. Gel strength and swelling of acrylamide-protic acid superabsorbent copolymers. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Baldock C, De Deene Y, Doran S, Ibbott G, Jirasek A, Lepage M, McAuley KB, Oldham M, Schreiner LJ. Polymer gel dosimetry. Phys Med Biol 2010; 55:R1-63. [PMID: 20150687 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/55/5/r01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polymer gel dosimeters are fabricated from radiation sensitive chemicals which, upon irradiation, polymerize as a function of the absorbed radiation dose. These gel dosimeters, with the capacity to uniquely record the radiation dose distribution in three-dimensions (3D), have specific advantages when compared to one-dimensional dosimeters, such as ion chambers, and two-dimensional dosimeters, such as film. These advantages are particularly significant in dosimetry situations where steep dose gradients exist such as in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery. Polymer gel dosimeters also have specific advantages for brachytherapy dosimetry. Potential dosimetry applications include those for low-energy x-rays, high-linear energy transfer (LET) and proton therapy, radionuclide and boron capture neutron therapy dosimetries. These 3D dosimeters are radiologically soft-tissue equivalent with properties that may be modified depending on the application. The 3D radiation dose distribution in polymer gel dosimeters may be imaged using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), optical-computerized tomography (optical-CT), x-ray CT or ultrasound. The fundamental science underpinning polymer gel dosimetry is reviewed along with the various evaluation techniques. Clinical dosimetry applications of polymer gel dosimetry are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Baldock
- Institute of Medical Physics, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Australia.
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35
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Koeva VI, Daneshvar S, Senden RJ, Imam AHM, Schreiner LJ, McAuley KB. Mathematical Modeling of PAG- and NIPAM-Based Polymer Gel Dosimeters Contaminated by Oxygen and Inhibitor. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.200900023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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36
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Pavlinec J, Moszner N. Monomers for adhesive polymers, 8acrosslinking polymerization of selectedN-substituted bis(acrylamide)s for dental filling materials. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Alveroglu E, Gelir A, Yilmaz Y. Swelling Behavior of Chemically Ion-Doped Hydrogels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200950723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Koeva VI, Olding T, Jirasek A, Schreiner LJ, McAuley KB. Preliminary investigation of the NMR, optical and x-ray CT dose–response of polymer gel dosimeters incorporating cosolvents to improve dose sensitivity. Phys Med Biol 2009; 54:2779-90. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/54/9/013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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40
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Fernández E, Mijangos C, Guenet JM, Cuberes MT, López D. New hydrogels based on the interpenetration of physical gels of agarose and chemical gels of polyacrylamide. Eur Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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Tromp RH, van der Maarel JR, de Bleijser J, Leyte JC. Counter-ion dynamics in crosslinked poly(styrene sulfonate) systems studied by NMR. Biophys Chem 2008; 41:81-100. [PMID: 17014792 DOI: 10.1016/0301-4622(91)87212-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The field dependence of the longitudinal and transverse nuclear magnetic relaxation rates of 23Na+ in aqueous crosslinked Na-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) systems (ion exchange resins) has been obtained as a function of the degree of crosslinking. The relaxation is considerably enhanced relative to solutions of non-crosslinked NaPSS at equal ionizable group concentration. This is due to the dynamic constraints of the polymer chains, which render the averaging of the counter-ion chain interaction less efficient. The field dependence of the relaxation rates in the crosslinked NaPSS systems reveals two processes that are out of the extreme narrowing limit. This is in contrast to the relaxation behavior found in non-crosslinked NaPSS systems. To characterize these processes their correlation times were combined with constants of selfdiffusion to estimate the distances diffused by an ion in order to average the electric field gradient at its nucleus. These two distances are interpreted as characteristic length scales in the network. At all degrees of crosslinking it was found that the smallest of these length scales is roughly equal to the distance between two neighbouring crosslinks. The largest characteristic distance extends over several crosslinks and reflects inhomogeneities in the crosslink concentration. These conclusions were also reached from similar experiments on 7Li+ in LiPSS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Tromp
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, State University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
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42
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Uveges A, Szaloki M, Hartmann JF, Hegedus C, Borbely J. Synthesis of Polymeric Nanoparticles by Cross-Linking Copolymerization. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma7021088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Uveges
- Departments of Colloid and Environmental Chemistry and Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, Hungary, ElizaNor Polymer LLC, 1 Woodmeadow Lane, Princeton Junction, New Jersey 88550, and BBS Nanotechnology Ltd, H-4225 Debrecen 16. P.O. Box 12, Hungary
| | - Melinda Szaloki
- Departments of Colloid and Environmental Chemistry and Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, Hungary, ElizaNor Polymer LLC, 1 Woodmeadow Lane, Princeton Junction, New Jersey 88550, and BBS Nanotechnology Ltd, H-4225 Debrecen 16. P.O. Box 12, Hungary
| | - John F. Hartmann
- Departments of Colloid and Environmental Chemistry and Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, Hungary, ElizaNor Polymer LLC, 1 Woodmeadow Lane, Princeton Junction, New Jersey 88550, and BBS Nanotechnology Ltd, H-4225 Debrecen 16. P.O. Box 12, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hegedus
- Departments of Colloid and Environmental Chemistry and Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, Hungary, ElizaNor Polymer LLC, 1 Woodmeadow Lane, Princeton Junction, New Jersey 88550, and BBS Nanotechnology Ltd, H-4225 Debrecen 16. P.O. Box 12, Hungary
| | - Janos Borbely
- Departments of Colloid and Environmental Chemistry and Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, Hungary, ElizaNor Polymer LLC, 1 Woodmeadow Lane, Princeton Junction, New Jersey 88550, and BBS Nanotechnology Ltd, H-4225 Debrecen 16. P.O. Box 12, Hungary
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43
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Koeva VI, Csaszar ES, Senden RJ, McAuley KB, Schreiner LJ. Polymer Gel Dosimeters with Increased Solubility: A Preliminary Investigation of the NMR and Optical Dose-Response Using Different Crosslinkers and Co-Solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200850121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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44
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Microgels-Intramolecularly Crossünked Macromolecules with a Globular Structure. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-69682-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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45
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Yilmaz Y, Gelir A, Salehli F, Nigmatullin RR, Arbuzov AA. Dielectric study of neutral and charged hydrogels during the swelling process. J Chem Phys 2007; 125:234705. [PMID: 17190568 DOI: 10.1063/1.2349480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dielectric spectroscopy measurements of conductivity were applied for understanding the change in the internal morphology of the neutral and permanently charged polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels during the swelling process. For the first time four distinct peaks (each corresponding to a different swelling stage) in the conductivity of the neutral gel were observed during the swelling of this gel. These peaks are related to the distribution of dense polymer regions (they are defined as the "blobs") appearing in a microstructure of the given PAAm gel having at least four average sizes. For the charged gel the heterogeneity decreases due to the internal electric field of the charged sites. Thus, this characteristic behavior in the conductivity becomes almost negligible for the gel charged with permanent SO(3) (-) groups. It seems this fact causes considerable decrease in amplitude of the peaks and overall decrease the conductivity during the whole swelling process especially at high frequencies. The new theory of dielectric relaxation based on the fractional kinetics containing the complex power-law exponents was used for verifying these swelling processes and received an excellent confirmation in description of the real part of the complex conductivity Re[sigma(omega)] by the fitting function that follows from the suggested theory. The calculated power-law exponents describe the behavior of Re[sigma(omega,mm(0))] in the available frequency range (30 Hz-13 MHz) and for all values of the relative masses (volumes) measured in the process of the experiment. The excellent coincidence between the new theory and measured data gives a possibility to suggest more reliable physical picture of the swelling process that takes place in neutral/charged gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yilmaz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 80626 Istanbul, Turkey.
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46
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Sarvestani AS, He X, Jabbari E. Viscoelastic Characterization and Modeling of Gelation Kinetics of Injectable In Situ Cross-Linkable Poly(lactide-co-ethylene oxide-co-fumarate) Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:406-15. [PMID: 17253761 DOI: 10.1021/bm060648p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell transplantation by injection of biodegradable hydrogels is a recently developed strategy for the treatment of degenerated tissues. A cell carrier should be cytocompatible, have suitable working time and rheological properties for injection, and harden in situ to attain dimensional stability and the desired mechanical strength. Hydrophilic macromer/cross-linker polymerizing systems, due to the relatively high molecular weight of the macromer and its inability to cross the cell membrane, are very attractive as injectable cell carriers. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of cross-linker, initiator, and accelerator concentrations on the gelation kinetics and ultimate modulus of a biodegradable, in situ cross-linkable poly(lactide-co-ethylene oxide-co-fumarate) (PLEOF) macromer. The in situ polymerizing mixture consisted of PLEOF macromer, methylene bisacrylamide cross-linker, and a neutral redox initiation system of ammonium persulfate initiator and tetramethylethylenediamine accelerator. Measurement of the time evolution of the viscoelastic properties of the network during the sol-gel transition showed the important influence of each component on the gel time and stiffness of the hydrogels. A kinetic model was developed to predict the modulus as a function of composition. Model predictions were consistent with most of the experimental findings. The values of the storage and loss moduli at the gel point were found to be approximately equal for samples with equal PLEOF concentrations, resulting in a simple method to predict the gelation time based on the Winter--Chambon criterion, with the use of the proposed kinetic model. The results of this study can be coupled with component cytocompatibility measurements to predict the effect of composition on the viability of the cells encapsulated in the hydrogel matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza S Sarvestani
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering, Swearingen Engineering Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
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47
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Gigimol MG, Mathew B. Effect of the nature and degree of crosslinking on the Rose Bengal uptake by DVB-, NNMBA-, HDODA-, and TTEGDA-crosslinked aminopolyacrylamides. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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48
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Wang J, Ugaz VM. Using in situ rheology to characterize the microstructure in photopolymerized polyacrylamide gels for DNA electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:3349-58. [PMID: 16892481 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Photopolymerized cross-linked polyacrylamide hydrogels are attractive sieving matrix formulations for DNA electrophoresis owing to their rapid polymerization times and the potential to locally tailor the gel pore structure through spatial variation of illumination intensity. This capability is especially important in microfluidic systems, where photopolymerization allows gel matrices to be precisely positioned within complex microchannel networks. Separation performance is also directly related to the nanoscale gel pore structure, which is in turn strongly influenced by polymerization kinetics. Unfortunately, detailed studies of the interplay among polymerization kinetics, mechanical properties, and structural morphology are lacking in photopolymerized hydrogel systems. In this paper, we address this issue by performing a series of in situ dynamic small-amplitude oscillatory shear measurements during photopolymerization of cross-linked polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels to investigate the relationship between rheology and parameters associated with the gelation environment including UV intensity, monomer and cross-linker composition, and reaction temperature. In general, we find that the storage modulus G' increases with increasing initial monomer concentration, cross-linker concentration, and polymerization temperature. The steady-state value of G', however, exhibits a more complex dependence on UV intensity that varies with gel concentration. A simple model based on rubber elasticity theory is used to obtain estimates of the average gel pore size that are in surprisingly good agreement with corresponding data obtained from analysis of DNA electrophoretic mobility in gels cast under identical polymerization conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843-3122, USA
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49
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Guryca V, Mechref Y, Palm AK, Michálek J, Pacáková V, Novotný MV. Porous polyacrylamide monoliths in hydrophilic interaction capillary electrochromatography of oligosaccharides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 70:3-13. [PMID: 17254635 PMCID: PMC1994939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Revised: 11/01/2006] [Accepted: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) of oligosaccharides in porous polyacrylamide monoliths has been explored. While it is possible to alter separation capacity for various compounds by copolymerization of suitable separation ligands in the polymerization backbone, "blank" acrylamide matrix is also capable of sufficient resolution of oligosaccharides in the hydrophilic interaction mode. The "blank" acrylamide network, formed with a more rigid crosslinker, provides maximum efficiency for separations (routinely up to 350,000 theoretical plates/m for fluorescently-labeled oligosaccharides). These columns yield a high spatial resolution of the branched glycan isomers and large column permeabilities. From the structural point of view, some voids are observable in the monoliths at the mesoporous range (mean pore radius ca. 35 nm, surface area of 74 m2/g), as measured by intrusion porosimetry in the dry state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilém Guryca
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Indiana 47405-7102, USA
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50
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Yildiz G, Paril A, Giz A, Çatalgil-Giz H. Swelling studies in electrochemically prepared acrylamide/N,N′ methylene bisacrylamide gels. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.23264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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