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Kong L, Palacios E, Guan X, Shen M, Liu X. Mechanisms for enhanced transport selectivity of like-charged ions in hydrophobic-polymer-modified ion-exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Extension of the potential intervals of high redox activity and electronic conductivity of polypyrrole films on electrode surface via their electrochemical multi-cycle treatment in monomer-free solution. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhu W, Li Y, Gao Y, Wang C, Zhang J, Bai H, Huang T. A new method to fabricate the cathode by cyclic voltammetric electrodeposition for electro-Fenton application. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kim S, Jang LK, Park HS, Lee JY. Electrochemical deposition of conductive and adhesive polypyrrole-dopamine films. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30475. [PMID: 27459901 PMCID: PMC4962031 DOI: 10.1038/srep30475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrode surfaces have been widely modified with electrically conductive polymers, including polypyrrole (PPY), to improve the performance of electrodes. To utilize conductive polymers for electrode modification, strong adhesion between the polymer films and electrode substrates should be ensured with high electrical/electrochemical activities. In this study, PPY films were electrochemically polymerized on electrodes (e.g., indium tin oxide (ITO)) with dopamine as a bio-inspired adhesive molecule. Efficient and fast PPY electrodeposition with dopamine (PDA/PPY) was found; the resultant PDA/PPY films exhibited greatly increased adhesion strengths of up to 3.7 ± 0.8 MPa and the modified electrodes had electrochemical impedances two to three orders of magnitude lower than that of an unmodified electrode. This electrochemical deposition of adhesive and conductive PDA/PPY offers a facile and versatile electrode modification for various applications, such as biosensors and batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semin Kim
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Lindy K Jang
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun S Park
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Fuel Cell Research Center, Hwarangro 14-gil 5, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.,Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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Dunst KJ, Cysewska K, Kalinowski P, Jasiński P. Polypyrrole based gas sensor for ammonia detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/104/1/012028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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6
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All-polymer battery system based on polypyrrole (PPy)/para (toluene sulfonic acid) (pTS) and polypyrrole (PPy)/indigo carmine (IC) free standing films. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zheng W, Razal JM, Spinks GM, Truong VT, Whitten PG, Wallace GG. The role of unbound oligomers in the nucleation and growth of electrodeposited polypyrrole and method for preparing high strength, high conductivity films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:10891-10897. [PMID: 22793159 DOI: 10.1021/la301701g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polypyrrole is a material with immensely useful properties suitable for a wide range of electrochemical applications, but its development has been hindered by cumbersome manufacturing processes. Here we show that a simple modification to the standard electrochemical polymerization method produces polypyrrole films of equivalently high conductivity and superior mechanical properties in one-tenth of the polymerization time. Preparing the film as a series of electrodeposited layers with thorough solvent washing between layering was found to produce excellent quality films even when layer deposition was accelerated by high current. The washing step between the sequentially polymerized layers altered the deposition mechanism, eliminating the typical dendritic growth and generating nonporous deposits. Solvent washing was shown to reduce the concentration of oligomeric species in the near-electrode region and hinder the three-dimensional growth mechanism that occurs by deposition of secondary particles from solution. As artificial muscles, the high density sequentially polymerized films produced the highest mechanical work output yet reported for polypyrrole actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zheng
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
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Chang JH, de Leon CRA, Hunter IW. Self-assembled, nanostructured polypyrrole films grown in a high-gravity environment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:4805-4810. [PMID: 22300451 DOI: 10.1021/la204605m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A simple, novel method of synthesizing self-assembled, nanostructured conducting polymer films has been developed. Applying an increased centrifugal force on the electrodes during the electrochemical deposition process yields high surface area, micro- or nanostructured polymer films. Scanning electron microscopy showed that as the applied g-force increased, the polymers progressed from having smooth, "cauliflower" morphologies, to intermediate microstructured surfaces, to finally dense nanostructured surfaces with pore sizes as small as 50 nm. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that films grown at higher centrifugal accelerations (higher than 500g) exhibited less degradation after electrochemical cycling and more capacitive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean H Chang
- BioInstrumentation Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
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Electrodeposited polypyrrole (PPy)/para (toluene sulfonic acid) (pTS) free-standing film for lithium secondary battery application. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Polypyrrole (PPy) is a biocompatible, electrically conductive polymer that has great potential for battery, sensor, and neural implant applications. Its amorphous structure and insolubility, however, limit the experimental techniques available to study its structure and properties at the atomic level. Previous theoretical studies of PPy in bulk are also scarce. Using ab initio calculations, we have constructed a molecular mechanics force field of chloride-doped PPy (PPyCl) and undoped PPy. This model has been designed to integrate into the OPLS force field, and parameters are available for the Gromacs and TINKER software packages. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of bulk PPy and PPyCl have been performed using this force field, and the effects of chain packing and electrostatic scaling on the bulk polymer density have been investigated. The density of flotation of PPyCl films has been measured experimentally. Amorphous X-ray diffraction of PPyCl was obtained and correlated with atomic structures sampled from MD simulations. The force field reported here is foundational for bridging the gap between experimental measurements and theoretical calculations for PPy based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Fonner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Christine E. Schmidt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Pengyu Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
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Mourato A, Viana AS, Montforts FP, Abrantes LM. Polypyrrole on self-assembled monolayers of a pyrrolyl lipoic acid derivative—electrosynthesis and polymer film characterization. J Solid State Electrochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-010-1036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Nair S, Hsiao E, Kim SH. Fabrication of electrically-conducting nonwoven porous mats of polystyrene–polypyrrole core–shell nanofibers via electrospinning and vapor phase polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b807007e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sui J, Travas-Sejdic J, Chu SY, Li KC, Kilmartin PA. The actuation behavior and stability of p-toluene sulfonate doped polypyrrole films formed at different deposition current densities. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ángeles Corres M, Mugica A, Carrasco PM, Milagros Cortázar M. Effect of crystallization on morphology–conductivity relationship in polypyrrole/poly(ɛ-caprolactone) blends. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Lucho AMS, Gonçalves RS. Polyfurfural Film Synthesized by Electrochemical Reduction of Furfural on Bright Platinum Electrode. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1081/ma-200058663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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West K, Bay L, Nielsen MM, Velmurugu Y, Skaarup S. Electronic Conductivity of Polypyrrole−Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate Complexes. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp048153m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Subianto S, Will GD, Kokot S. Templated electropolymerization of pyrrole in a capillary. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.10723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Synthesis of electrically conductive polypyrrole–polystyrene composites using supercritical carbon dioxide. Eur Polym J 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0014-3057(02)00168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Suárez MF, Compton RG. In situ atomic force microscopy study of polypyrrole synthesis and the volume changes induced by oxidation and reduction of the polymer. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(98)00414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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