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Malla JA, Chakravarti S, Gupta V, Chander V, Sharma GK, Qureshi S, Mishra A, Gupta VK, Nandi S. Novel Polymerase Spiral Reaction (PSR) for rapid visual detection of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 genomic DNA from aborted bovine fetus and semen. Gene 2017; 644:107-112. [PMID: 29104164 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) is a major viral pathogen affecting bovines leading to various clinical manifestations and causes significant economic impediment in modern livestock production system. Rapid, accurate and sensitive detection of BHV-1 infection at frozen semen stations or at dairy herds remains a priority for control of BHV-1 spread to susceptible population. Polymerase Spiral Reaction (PSR), a novel addition in the gamut of isothermal techniques, has been successfully implemented in initial optimization for detection of BHV-1 genomic DNA and further validated in clinical samples. The developed PSR assay has been validated for detection of BHV-1 from bovine semen (n=99), a major source of transmission of BHV-1 from breeding bulls to susceptible dams in artificial insemination programs. The technique has also been used for screening of BHV-1 DNA from suspected aborted fetal tissues (n=25). The developed PSR technique is 100 fold more sensitive than conventional PCR and comparable to real-time PCR. The PSR technique has been successful in detecting 13 samples positive for BHV-1 DNA in bovine semen, 4 samples more than conventional PCR. The aborted fetal tissues were negative for presence of BHV-1 DNA. The presence of BHV-1 in bovine semen samples raises a pertinent concern for extensively screening of semen from breeding bulls before been used for artificial insemination process. PSR has all the attributes for becoming a method of choice for rapid, accurate and sensitive detection of BHV-1 DNA at frozen semen stations or at dairy herds in resource constrained settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Ahmed Malla
- Centre of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Research, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly UP-243122, India
| | - Soumendu Chakravarti
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly UP-243122, India.
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Centre of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Research, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly UP-243122, India
| | - Vishal Chander
- Centre of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Research, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly UP-243122, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar Sharma
- Centre of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Research, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly UP-243122, India
| | - Salauddin Qureshi
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly UP-243122, India
| | - Adhiraj Mishra
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly UP-243122, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Centre of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Research, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly UP-243122, India
| | - Sukdeb Nandi
- Centre of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Research, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly UP-243122, India.
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Pawar SS, Meshram CD, Singh NK, Saini M, Mishra BP, Gupta PK. Development of a SYBR Green I based duplex real-time PCR for detection of bovine herpesvirus-1 in semen. J Virol Methods 2014; 208:6-10. [PMID: 25078112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is a viral pathogen found in infected bull semen, which is transmitted to inseminated cows by artificial insemination. BoHV-1 infection can cause reproductive disorders leading to significant economic loss to cattle industry. To detect BoHV-1 in semen, in this study, a SYBR Green I based duplex real-time PCR was developed. The assay included primers from BoHV-1 glycoprotein C (gC) and bovine growth hormone (bGH) genes for simultaneous detection in single tube. The result was interpreted by analysing melting temperature (Tm) peaks obtained after melt curve analysis of the amplified products at the end of reaction. The Tm peaks for BoHV-1-gC indicated presence of BoHV-1 while the bGH peak indicated reaction without inhibition. The sensitivity of the assay was to detect ten BoHV-1 genome copies per reaction. The analytical sensitivity was to detect 0.21 TCID50 infectious BoHV-1 in spiked semen. The assay was validated with 80 semen samples collected from breeding bulls. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the assay was 100% with OIE recommended TaqMan probe based real-time PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Pawar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Chetan D Meshram
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Niraj K Singh
- School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Mohini Saini
- Center for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - B P Mishra
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Praveen K Gupta
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
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Pawar SS, Meshram CD, Singh NK, Sonwane AA, Saini M, Rautmare SS, Muglikar DM, Mishra BP, Gupta PK. Rapid detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 in bovine semen by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. Arch Virol 2013; 159:641-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Dias JA, Alfieri AA, Ferreira-Neto JS, Gonçalves VSP, Muller EE. Seroprevalence and risk factors of bovine herpesvirus 1 infection in cattle herds in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Transbound Emerg Dis 2012; 60:39-47. [PMID: 22364224 DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2012.01316.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data describing bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) infection in Brazilian cattle herds are scarce. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the state of Paraná between December 2001 and July 2002 with the objective of estimating the apparent prevalence of BoHV-1-seropositive herds and animals and identifying the potential risk factors for infection in farms with breeding animals in the state of Paraná in Southern Brazil. The state was divided into seven regions based on the livestock production dynamics of the different areas. Sampling was performed in two stages. Initially, herds were randomly selected, followed by a random selection of animals within the selected herds. Blood samples were collected from 14803 females, aged ≥24 months, from 2018 BoHV-1 non-vaccinated herds. Serum samples were tested for antibodies against BoHV-1 using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The apparent prevalence of seropositivity in the herds and animals in Paraná was 71.3% (95% CI: 69.3-73.3) and 59.0% (95% CI: 56.2-61.8), respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that risk factors associated with the presence of the infection were as follows: beef herds [OR = 1.58 (1.12-2.23)], natural service [OR = 1.48 (1.02-2.14)], purchase of animals [OR = 1.90 (1.52-2.37)], pasture rental [OR = 2.24 (1.51-3.33)], existence of calving pens [OR = 1.56 (1.20-2.03)] and records of abortion in the last 12 months [OR = 1.45 (1.08-1.95)]. These results indicate that BoHV-1 infection is widespread in the state of Paraná.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Dias
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa-Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
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Carvalho R, Passos L, Oliveira A, Henry M, Martins A. Detection of equine herpesvirus 1 DNA in a single embryo and in horse semen by polymerase chain reaction. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2000. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352000000400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of one equine embryo and three equine semen specimens collected from a Brazilian farm were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of EHV-1 and EHV-4-specific timidine kinase (TK) sequences. The PCR detected specific EHV-1 TK gene sequences in all samples tested. The peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of the embryo donor mare also was amplified by EHV-1 TK primers. Infectious virus was not recovered from any specimens. The animals did not show any clinical signal of EHV-1 or EHV-4 infections. EHV-4 was not detected in the studied specimens. The results indicate that PCR was more sensitive than virus isolation in cell culture for detecting EHV-1 in semen of carrier horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Carvalho
- Ministério da Agricultura e do Abastecimento
| | | | | | - M. Henry
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
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Fuchs M, Hübert P, Detterer J, Rziha HJ. Detection of bovine herpesvirus type 1 in blood from naturally infected cattle by using a sensitive PCR that discriminates between wild-type virus and virus lacking glycoprotein E. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:2498-507. [PMID: 10405392 PMCID: PMC85268 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.8.2498-2507.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we report for the first time on the detection of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) in whole-blood samples derived from naturally infected cattle. Sensitive PCR assays specific for glycoprotein B (gB), gC, and gE of BHV-1 allow the detection of one BHV-1 DNA copy in 10(5) to 10(7) peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). The incidence of BHV-1-positive PBLs in naturally infected cattle appears to be quite high (92.2% positive PBLs among all samples tested), although in most cases only between 10(-5) and 10(-7) positive leukocytes were present. The results demonstrate that the viral DNA is detectable not only in the peripheral blood of acutely infected animals but, more importantly, also in the peripheral blood of subclinically infected cattle. The gE-specific PCR described in the report allows discrimination between wild-type (WT) virus-infected and vaccinated animals, which is of importance for control programs that use the recently introduced vaccination strategy with a gE-negative virus. The results further show that doubtful serological results can be verified or falsified and that individual animals can be monitored for the presence or absence of WT BHV-1 or gE-negative virus in cattle herds. The PCR protocols allow the detection of BHV-1 prior to seroconversion or in BHV-1-seronegative cattle. Finally, the results indicate the simultaneous presence of WT and gE-negative vaccine virus in the PBLs of several cattle. Therefore, investigations of viremia in naturally and experimentally infected cattle and on the identification of infected cell types of bovine PBLs can be now performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fuchs
- Federal Research Centre for Virus Diseases of Animals, Institute for Vaccines, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Zhou J, Lyaku J, Fredrickson RA, Kibenge FS. Improved detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 in artificially infected bovine semen by protein amplification. J Virol Methods 1999; 79:181-9. [PMID: 10381088 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(99)00025-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Infection with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV 1) occurs worldwide and causes serious economic losses due to loss of animals, abortions, decreased milk production, and loss of body weight. There is a real need for sensitive diagnostic procedures for detection of the presence of virus in order to achieve effective control of BHV 1-induced diseases. BHV 1 is frequently found in bovine semen and can be widely transmitted through artificial insemination. Thus the detection of BHV 1 in artificial insemination centers and semen banks is of crucial importance in the control of its dissemination to the cattle industry, worldwide. In the present study, a protein amplification assay following polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the highly conserved BHV 1 glycoprotein D gene was used in order to improve the sensitivity of direct virus detection in bovine semen. This method of BHV 1 detection is at least 200 orders of magnitude more sensitive than traditional PCR and would have direct clinical applications in antigen-based detection tests. In this method, amplification of the BHV 1 gD gene by PCR is followed by a coupled in vitro transcription translation of a small aliquot from the reaction. When the transcription translation was carried out in the presence of [35S]methionine and the products analyzed by SDS PAGE and autoradiography, 0.0014 TCID50 of virus could be detected in raw bovine semen in contrast to 0.28 TCID50 of virus detected using traditional PCR. Given the limitations in the method used for protein detection, this 'in vitro protein amplification' has the potential of attaining superior sensitivity for direct virus detection in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
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