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Singha T, Rouf Samim Mondal A, Midya S, Prasad Hari D. The Dowd–Beckwith Reaction: History, Strategies, and Synthetic Potential. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202025. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Singha
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Scienece Bangalore 560012 India
| | | | - Suparnak Midya
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Scienece Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Durga Prasad Hari
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Scienece Bangalore 560012 India
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Trost BM, Zuo Z, Wang Y. Pd(0)-Catalyzed Diastereo- and Enantioselective Intermolecular Cycloaddition for Rapid Assembly of 2-Acyl-methylenecyclopentanes. Org Lett 2021; 23:979-983. [PMID: 33443429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A highly regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective trimethylenemethane (TMM) cycloaddition reaction for the rapid assembly of 2-acyl-methylenecyclopentane in an atom-economic fashion is described. This intermolecular protocol allows for facile and divergent access to an array of structurally attractive cyclic adducts. The choice of a robust chiral diamidophosphite ligand, developed by our group, proved to be crucial for the success of this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | - Zhijun Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | - Youliang Wang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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Abstract
Cyclohexane-angularly-fused triquinanes, 6-5-5-5 tetracycles, have attracted the attention of synthetic chemists due to their highly congested core structures and multiple quaternary carbon centers. This review focuses on the six completed total synthesis of naturally occurring cyclohexane-angularly-fused triquinanes in addition to seven notable methodologies that have been developed for the synthesis of these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Jeffrey D Winkler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
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Dos Santos EEF, de Souza GFP, Simoni DA, Salles AG. A base-promoted tandem approach to bicyclic 8-membered ring ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3249-3253. [PMID: 32292986 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00618a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A base-promoted tandem route toward unprecedented bicyclic 8-membered ring ketones is reported. Under our approach, the targeted products are delivered in high yields from phenylacetylenes and 1,3-diketones. The method has a good scope and gives access to a complex structure that offers a wealth of opportunities for further functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson E F Dos Santos
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-862, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela F P de Souza
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-862, Brazil.
| | - Deborah A Simoni
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-862, Brazil.
| | - Airton G Salles
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-862, Brazil.
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Zheng X, Guo R, Zhang G, Zhang D. Rhodium(i)-catalyzed asymmetric [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of 2-alkylenecyclobutanols with cyclic enones through C-C bond cleavage: efficient access to trans-bicyclic compounds. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1873-1877. [PMID: 29675233 PMCID: PMC5890795 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04784c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric formal intermolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of 2-alkylenecyclobutanols with α,β-unsaturated cyclic ketones leading to synthetically useful trans-bicyclic molecules. Three consecutive stereogenic centers are formed in a highly enantio- and diastereoselective manner. Stepwise C-C bond cleavage and annulation are likely involved in the reaction pathway. Here, iPr-Duphos is the viable chiral ligand that promotes excellent enantio-control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zheng
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P. R. China .
| | - Rui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , P. R. China .
| | - Guozhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , P. R. China .
| | - Dayong Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P. R. China .
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Frankowski KJ, Liu R, Milligan GL, Moeller KD, Aubé J. Practical Electrochemical Anodic Oxidation of Polycyclic Lactams for Late Stage Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:10555-8. [PMID: 26371961 PMCID: PMC4629799 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry provides a powerful tool for the late-stage functionalization of complex lactams. A two-stage protocol for converting lactams, many of which can be prepared through the intramolecular Schmidt reaction of keto azides, is presented. In the first step, anodic oxidation in MeOH using a repurposed power source provides a convenient route to lactams bearing a methoxy group adjacent to nitrogen. Treatment of these intermediates with a Lewis acid in dichloromethane permits the regeneration of a reactive acyliminium ion that is then reacted with a range of nucleophilic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Frankowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2034 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047 (USA)
- Present address: Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry and the Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Ruzhang Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2034 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047 (USA)
| | - Gregory L Milligan
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Martin's University, 5000 Abbey Way, Lacey, WA 98503 (USA)
| | - Kevin D Moeller
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130 (USA)
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2034 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047 (USA).
- Present address: Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry and the Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, North Carolina, 27599, USA.
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Frankowski KJ, Liu R, Milligan GL, Moeller KD, Aubé J. Practical Electrochemical Anodic Oxidation of Polycyclic Lactams for Late Stage Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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DeKorver KA, Hsung RP, Song WZ, Wang XN, Walton MC. An intramolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition of ketenimines via palladium-catalyzed rearrangements of N-allyl-ynamides. Org Lett 2012; 14:3214-7. [PMID: 22667819 DOI: 10.1021/ol3013233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A cascade of Pd-catalyzed N-to-C allyl transfer-intramolecular ketenimine-[2 + 2] cycloadditions of N-allyl ynamides is described. This tandem sequence is highly stereoselective and the [2 + 2] cycloaddition could be rendered in a crossed or fused manner depending on alkene substitutions, leading to bridged and fused bicycloimines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A DeKorver
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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Xu W, Zou JP, Mu XJ, Zhang W. Free radical ring expansion and spirocyclization of 1,3-diketone derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Erden I, Cao W, Price M, Colton M. A three-carbon (n+1+2) ring expansion method for the synthesis of macrocyclic enones. Application to muscone synthesis. Tetrahedron 2008; 64:5497-5501. [PMID: 18560472 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.03.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The three-carbon ring expansion methodology commences with the preparation of a cyclic allene (C9, C11, C13), readily available from the corresponding cycloalkene via dibromocarbene addition and subsequent treatment with methyllithium. Dichloroketene addition to the cyclic allene regioselectively provides the [2+2] cycloadduct which is reductively dechlorinated with zinc in methanol. The resulting cyclobutanone is then catalytically hydrogenated; cyclobutanone ring opening is affected with trimethylsilyl iodide; immediate dehydroiodination of the resulting beta-iodocycloalkanone with diazabicycloundecane (DBU) provides the corresponding macrocyclic enone. The 15-membered enone was converted to dl,-muscone with (CH(3))(2)CuLi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Erden
- San Francisco State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
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Mu XJ, Zou JP, Wang ZT, Zhang W. Free radical ring expansion and chain extension of 1,3-diketones. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Radical cyclization–fragmentation of ω-haloalkyl cyclobutanones: a modular approach to medium-sized carbocycles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2003.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Namyslo JC, Kaufmann DE. The application of cyclobutane derivatives in organic synthesis. Chem Rev 2003; 103:1485-537. [PMID: 12683789 DOI: 10.1021/cr010010y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 531] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan C Namyslo
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Clausthal, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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Potthast A, Rosenau T, Sartori J, Sixta H, Kosma P. Hydrolytic processes and condensation reactions in the cellulose solvent system N,N-dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride. Part 2: degradation of cellulose. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00751-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Costantini C, Birkett MA, Gibson G, Ziesmann J, Sagnon NF, Mohammed HA, Coluzzi M, Pickett JA. Electroantennogram and behavioural responses of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae to human-specific sweat components. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2001; 15:259-266. [PMID: 11583442 DOI: 10.1046/j.0269-283x.2001.00297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Afrotropical malaria vectors of the Anopheles gambiae complex (Diptera: Culicidae), particularly An. gambiae sensu stricto, are attracted mainly to human hosts. A major source of human volatile emissions is sweat, from which key human-specific components are the carboxylic acids (E)- and (Z)-3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid and 7-octenoic acid. Electrophysiological studies on the antennae of An. gambiae s.s. showed selective sensitivity to these compounds, with a threshold at 10(-6) g comparable to that of known olfactory stimulants 1-octen-3-ol, p-cresol, isovaleric acid, and lower than threshold sensitivity to L-lactic acid and the synthetic mosquito repellent N,N-diethyltoluamide (DEET). A combination of the acids released at concentrations > 10(-5) g in wind tunnel bioassays significantly reduced the response to CO2, the major attractant released by human hosts, for strains of An. gambiae s.s. originating from East and West Africa. Field trials with odour-baited entry traps (OBETs) in Burkina Faso showed that 7-octenoic acid significantly increased (by 1.7-fold) the catch of females of An. gambiae sensu lato (comprising two sibling species: An. arabiensis Patton and An. gambiae s.s.) in OBETs baited with CO2, whereas combinations of the acids significantly reduced the catch in CO2-baited traps (by 2.1-fold) and in whole human odour-baited traps (by 1.5-fold). The pure (E) and (Z) geometric isomers of 3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid gave comparable results to the (EIZ) isomer mixture. These results provide the first experimental evidence that human-specific compounds affect the behaviour of highly anthropophilic An. gambiae s.l. mosquitoes. The compounds appear to inhibit the upwind flight' response to known long-range attractants, and may serve either to mask' the attractants present or, more probably, to 'arrest' upwind flight when mosquitoes arrive at a host under natural conditions. In the final approach to hosts, vectors are known to reduce their flight speed and increase their turning rate, to avoid overshooting the source. In our experimental apparatus, these changes in flight behaviour would reduce the number of mosquitoes entering the ports of the collection devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Costantini
- Istituto di Parassitologia, University of Rome, La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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McCarroll AJ, Walton JC. Programmierung organischer Moleküle: Design und Management organischer Synthesen über radikalische Kaskaden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010618)113:12<2282::aid-ange2282>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Rearrangement of cyclobutyl carbinyl radicals: Total synthesis of the spirovetivane phytoalexin (±)-lubiminol. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(96)02020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Dufour C, Iwasa S, Fabré A, Rawal VH. Unexpected fragmentations leading to quinanes and hydrindanes mediated by a silyl radical. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)01801-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Crimmins MT, Huang S, Guise-Zawacki LE. Radical fragmentation of cyclobutanes: An approach to medium ring fused carbocycles. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)01433-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zhang W, Dowd P. Double ring expansions: A new method for making medium and large cyclic ketones. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(95)02338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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