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Pradhan AAA, Siau C, Constantin A, Clarke PBS. Chronic morphine administration results in tolerance to delta opioid receptor-mediated antinociception. Neuroscience 2006; 141:947-954. [PMID: 16716526 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2005] [Revised: 04/05/2006] [Accepted: 04/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Delta opioid receptor agonists produce only a moderate degree of antinociception, possibly reflecting the predominantly intracellular location of delta opioid receptor. However, recent studies suggest that short term morphine pretreatment can increase delta opioid receptor-mediated antinociception by promoting the translocation of delta opioid receptor to the cell surface. Even more striking sensitization has been reported after long term morphine pretreatment and withdrawal in locomotor tests. In the present study we therefore examined the effects of longer term morphine pretreatment and withdrawal on delta opioid receptor-mediated antinociception in the formalin test. Male adult rats were pretreated daily with morphine (10 mg/kg s.c.) or saline for 10 days, and were tested acutely with the delta opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2,Glu4]-deltorphin (intrathecal) at 0, 7 and 14 days of withdrawal. Unexpectedly, chronic morphine pre-exposure resulted in tolerance to [D-Ala2,Glu4]-deltorphin-induced antinociception, and this occurred at 0 and 7 but not 14 days of morphine withdrawal. Morphine challenge at withdrawal day 7 confirmed the presence of tolerance to the antinociceptive effects of this drug. Chronic morphine pretreatment also resulted in tolerance to the locomotor stimulant effect of [D-Ala2,Glu4]-deltorphin (given i.c.v.), contrary to a previous report of sensitization. However, consistent with previous reports, short term (2 day) pretreatment with morphine did result in sensitization to [D-Ala2,Glu4]-deltorphin. Subsequent in vitro analysis, using [125I][D-Ala2,Glu4]-deltorphin or guanosine 5'(gamma-35S-thio) triphosphate autoradiography, did not reveal any changes in delta opioid receptor binding or function resulting from chronic morphine pretreatment. In conclusion, chronic morphine pretreatment caused tolerance to delta opioid receptor-mediated behavioral effects with no clear change at the receptor level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A A Pradhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Room 1325, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada
| | - C Siau
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada
| | - A Constantin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Room 1325, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada
| | - P B S Clarke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Room 1325, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada.
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2
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Bespalov AY, Medvedev IO, Sukhotina IA, Zvartau EE. Effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist, D-CPPene, on sensitization to the operant decrement produced by naloxone in morphine-treated rats. Behav Pharmacol 2001; 12:135-42. [PMID: 11396518 DOI: 10.1097/00008877-200104000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sensitization to the rate-decreasing effects of opioid antagonists induced by acute pretreatment with opioid agonists has been suggested to reflect initial changes in opioid systems that underlie physical dependence. Glutamate receptors are implicated in the development and expression of opioid dependence, and antagonists acting at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptors have been shown repeatedly to attenuate the severity of opioid withdrawal. The present study evaluated the ability of a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, D-CPPene (SDZ EAA 494; 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-1-propenyl-1-phosphonic acid), to affect morphine-induced sensitization to naloxone in rats trained to lever-press on a multiple-trial, fixed-ratio 10 schedule of food reinforcement. D-CPPene (0.3-3 mg/kg) was administered either 4 h or 30 min prior to the test session. Morphine (10 mg/kg) or its vehicle was administered 4 h before naloxone challenge (0.3-3 mg/kg). D-CPPene failed to prevent morphine-induced potentiation of the naloxone-produced decrement in operant performance. Thus, these results suggest that agonist-induced sensitization to behavioral effects of opioid antagonists may be insensitive to NMDA receptor blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Bespalov
- Department of Psychopharmacology, Valdman Institute of Pharmacology, Pavlov Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Greenwald MK, Stitzer ML. Butorphanol agonist effects and acute physical dependence in opioid abusers: comparison with morphine. Drug Alcohol Depend 1998; 53:17-30. [PMID: 10933337 DOI: 10.1016/s0376-8716(98)00104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the direct effects and acute physical dependence of butorphanol and morphine, opioids with differing actions at mu versus kappa receptors. Six non-dependent heroin-using volunteers were exposed to six conditions in a within-subject, Latin square design using double-blind procedures. In each session, agonist effects of single i.m. injections of butorphanol (3 and 6 mg/70 kg), morphine (15 and 30 mg/70 kg), lorazepam (4 mg/70 kg) or saline were evaluated. Butorphanol and morphine produced effects of comparable magnitude on miosis and reports of 'any drug effect'. Volunteers reported dysphoria, confusion and sedation after butorphanol, subjective effects that overlapped with those of lorazepam, whereas morphine produced euphoria and stimulation. Acute physical dependence (i.e. precipitated withdrawal responses to naloxone 10 mg/70 kg i.m. administered 6 h after each treatment) significantly increased after 30 mg/70 kg morphine but not after butorphanol treatments. These differences in naloxone sensitivity are likely due to differences in opioid receptor (mu versus kappa) activity, affinity and efficacy of these compounds. Pharmacological ramifications of these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Greenwald
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 48207, USA
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Hasenöhrl RU, Schwarting RK, Gerhardt P, Privou C, Huston JP. Comparison of neurokinin substance P with morphine in effects on food-reinforced operant behavior and feeding. Physiol Behav 1994; 55:541-6. [PMID: 7514795 DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(94)90115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, substance P (SP) was injected intraperitoneally (IP), and its effects on operant behavior were assessed in rats, which had been trained to bar press for food reward on a fixed-ratio (FR) 20 schedule. These effects were compared with IP injection of morphine sulfate, which had previously been shown to strongly suppress operant responding on FR schedules. The IP injection of SP resulted in a dose-related decrement in response rates. SP in a dose range of 250-500 micrograms/kg decreased operant responding, whereas SP in a dose range of 5-50 micrograms/kg did not influence response rates. The IP injection of morphine (10 mg/kg) markedly suppressed operant responding. However, in contrast to the rate-decreasing effects of SP, this suppression was not selective for the reinforced lever as responding on the nonreinforced lever, used as a control, was also decreased. Furthermore, both injection of 10 mg/kg morphine and SP in a dose range of 250-500 micrograms/kg was found to reduce food intake when the animals had free access to food subsequent to the operant conditioning session. The present results provide the first evidence that systemically administered neurokinin SP can affect operant responding for food reward. The suppressive effects on operant behavior and feeding obtained with systemic SP or morphine are discussed with respect to recent findings showing that both drugs can modulate mesolimbic dopamine activity after systemic drug injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R U Hasenöhrl
- Institute of Physiological Psychology I, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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5
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Jones DN, Holtzman SG. Behavioral effects of systemically administered mu and kappa opioid agonists in the squirrel monkey: peptides versus alkaloids. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1994; 47:421-6. [PMID: 7911572 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(94)90138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the effects of receptor-selective peptide and nonpeptide opioid agonists administered intramuscularly to squirrel monkeys responding under a fixed-interval 3-min schedule of stimulus termination. The mu opioid receptor agonist morphine (0.1-3.0 mg/kg) increased response rate at low doses and decreased it and quarter-life at higher doses. [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol]Enkephalin (DAMGO; 0.3-3.0 mg/kg) reduced quarter-life at the highest dose. The kappa dose. The kappa opioid receptor agonist U50,488H (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) elevated response rate transiently and dose-dependently decreased quarter-life. Dynorphin A(1-13) (0.3-10 mg/kg), a purported endogenous ligand of the kappa opioid receptor, decreased response rate slightly but significantly at 3.0 mg/kg and had no effect on quarter-life. Thus, the behavior of squirrel monkeys was affected by systemically administered peptide as well as by nonpeptide opioid drugs. The two alkaloids were much more effective than the two peptides, presumably because of greater ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Quarter-life was often a more sensitive measure of drug effects than was response rate.
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MESH Headings
- 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer
- Alkaloids/pharmacokinetics
- Alkaloids/pharmacology
- Analgesics/pharmacokinetics
- Analgesics/pharmacology
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Conditioning, Operant/drug effects
- Dynorphins/pharmacokinetics
- Dynorphins/pharmacology
- Endorphins/pharmacokinetics
- Endorphins/pharmacology
- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-
- Enkephalins/pharmacokinetics
- Enkephalins/pharmacology
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Male
- Morphine/pharmacokinetics
- Morphine/pharmacology
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacokinetics
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Pyrrolidines/pharmacokinetics
- Pyrrolidines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/drug effects
- Reinforcement Schedule
- Saimiri
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322-3090
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Gosnell BA, Patel CK. Centrally administered mu- and delta-opioid agonists increase operant responding for saccharin. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1993; 45:979-82. [PMID: 8415840 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(93)90151-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In previous reports, ICV administration of selective mu- or delta-opioid receptor agonists was found to stimulate the intake of saccharin and salt solutions in nondeprived rats. In the present study, we measured the effects of selective mu-, delta-, and kappa-agonists on operant responding for saccharin. The selective mu-agonist [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) and the selective delta-agonist [D-Thr2]-leucine enkephalin-Thr (DTLET) increased responding, whereas the kappa-agonist dynorphin A analog kappa ligand (DAKLI) had no significant effect. These results agree with previous studies on saccharin and salt intake and are consistent with the possibility that the effects of opioids on the intake of these fluids are mediated via enhancement of activity in brain reward pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Gosnell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Parkway Hospital 53719
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Craft RM, Dykstra LA. Morphine antagonizes U50,488's effects in a squirrel monkey shock titration procedure. Eur J Pharmacol 1993; 234:199-207. [PMID: 8387010 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(93)90954-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether a mu opioid agonist modulates the effects of a kappa opioid agonist in squirrel monkeys responding under a shock titration procedure, morphine was administered in combination with an ED75 dose of U50,488. Morphine (0.03-0.3 mg/kg) did not alter U50,488's early peak effects (15-25 min post-injection), but dose dependently antagonized U50,488's later effects (40-100 min post-injection); these doses of morphine shifted the U50,488 dose-effect curve < 1/4 log unit to the right. After 6-8 weeks of daily morphine administration, higher doses of morphine (0.3-3.0 mg/kg) shifted the U50,488 dose-effect curve > 1/2 log unit to the right. Morphine still did not antagonize early peak effects of the ED75 dose of U50,488, but antagonized early and late effects of a lower dose. Thus, morphine is a weak kappa antagonist in the shock titration procedure. In addition to its low affinity for kappa receptors, morphine's kappa antagonist activity is limited by its mu agonist effects, particularly in the non-morphine-tolerant monkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Craft
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-3270
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Abstract
This paper, an examination of works published during 1990, is thirteenth in a series of our annual reviews of the research involving the behavioral, nonanalgesic, effects of the endogenous opiate peptides. The specific topics this year include stress; tolerance and dependence, eating; drinking; gastrointestinal, renal, and hepatic functions; mental illness; learning, memory, and reward; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; seizures and other neurological disorders; electrical-related activity; locomotor activity; sex, pregnancy, development, and aging; immunological responses; and other behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Olson
- Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, LA 70148
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Adams JU, Holtzman SG. Naltrexone-sensitizing effects of centrally administered morphine and opioid peptides. Eur J Pharmacol 1991; 193:67-73. [PMID: 1675608 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(91)90201-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rats were trained to lever-press on a multiple-trial, fixed-interval, 3-min schedule of food-reinforcement; each trial consisted of a 10-min time-out and a 9.5-min response period. Naltrexone, injected s.c. prior to each trial, reduced response rates in a dose-related fashion, with an ED50 of 21 mg/kg. Four-hour pretreatment with i.c.v. morphine (3.0-30 micrograms) produced leftward shifts of the naltrexone dose-effect curve of up to 3 orders of magnitude. The selective mu agonist, [D-Ala2,NMePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAGO; 0.1-0.3 microgram i.c.v.), sensitized animals to the rate-decreasing effects of naltrexone by more than 2 orders of magnitude. Pretreatment with the selective kappa agonist, dynorphin A-(1-17) (30 micrograms i.c.v.) or the selective delta agonist, [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE; 30-100 micrograms i.c.v.) induced moderate sensitization with leftward shifts of 1.0-1.5 log units. Thus, the naltrexone-sensitizing effect of acute opioid pretreatment is centrally mediated, consistent with the hypothesis that the phenomenon is related to the initiation of opioid physical dependence. Further, the effect appears to be mediated predominantly by mu-opioid receptors, because mu agonists consistently produced the largest sensitization to naltrexone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J U Adams
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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