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Sharma SK, Li S, Micic M, Orbulescu J, Weissbart D, Nakahara H, Shibata O, Leblanc RM. β-Galactosidase Langmuir Monolayer at Air/X-gal Subphase Interface. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:12279-12286. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b09020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiv K. Sharma
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Shanghao Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Miodrag Micic
- MP Biomedicals LLC, 3 Hutton
Center, Santa Ana, California 92707, United States
- Department
of Engineering Design Technology, Cerritos College, 11110 Alondra
Boulevard, Norwalk, California 9265, United States
| | - Jhony Orbulescu
- MP Biomedicals LLC, 3 Hutton
Center, Santa Ana, California 92707, United States
| | - Daniel Weissbart
- MP Biomedicals SAS, Parc d’innovation-Rue Geiler de Kaysersberg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden 67402, France
| | - Hiromichi Nakahara
- Department
of Biophysical Chemistry, Nagasaki International University, Huis Ten
Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - Osamu Shibata
- Department
of Biophysical Chemistry, Nagasaki International University, Huis Ten
Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - Roger M. Leblanc
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
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2
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Abstract
The production of heterologous lipases is one of the most promising strategies to increase the productivity of the bioprocesses and to reduce costs, with the final objective that more industrial lipase applications could be implemented. In this chapter, an overview of the most common microbial expression systems for the overproduction of microbial lipases is presented. Prokaryotic system as Escherichia coli and eukaryotic systems as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris are analyzed and compared in terms of productivity, operational, and downstream processing facilities. Finally, an overview of heterologous Candida rugosa and Rhizopus oryzae lipases, two of the most common lipases used in biocatalysis, is presented. In both cases, P. pastoris has been shown as the most promising host system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Valero
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EE. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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3
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Vaidyanathan S, Macaloney G, Vaughan J, McNeil B, Harvey LM. Monitoring of Submerged Bioprocesses. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/0738-859991229161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Rzaev ZM, Dinçer S, Pişkin E. Functional copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide for bioengineering applications. Prog Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Junker BH, Wang HY. Bioprocess monitoring and computer control: key roots of the current PAT initiative. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 95:226-261. [PMID: 16933288 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review article has been written for the journal, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, to commemorate the 70th birthday of Daniel I.C. Wang, who served as doctoral thesis advisor to each of the co-authors, but a decade apart. Key roots of the current PAT initiative in bioprocess monitoring and control are described, focusing on the impact of Danny Wang's research as a professor at MIT. The history of computer control and monitoring in biochemical processing has been used to identify the areas that have already benefited and those that are most likely to benefit in the future from PAT applications. Past applications have included the use of indirect estimation methods for cell density, expansion of on-line/at-line and on-line/in situ measurement techniques, and development of models and expert systems for control and optimization. Future applications are likely to encompass additional novel measurement technologies, measurements for multi-scale and disposable bioreactors, real time batch release, and more efficient data utilization to achieve process validation and continuous improvement goals. Dan Wang's substantial contributions in this arena have been one key factor in steering the PAT initiative towards realistic and attainable industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Junker
- Bioprocess Research and Development, Merck Research Laboratories, Building R810-127, Rahway 07065, New Jersey
| | - H Y Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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6
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Abstract
Biosensors are hybrid analytical devices that amplify signals generated from the specific interaction between a receptor and the analyte, through a biochemical mechanism. Biosensors use tissues, whole cells, artificial membranes or cell components like proteins or nucleic acids as receptors, coupled to a physicochemical signal transducer. Allosteric enzymes exhibit a catalytic activity that is modulated by specific effectors, through binding to receptor sites that are distinct from the active site. Several enzymes, catalyzing easily measurable reactions, have been engineered to allosterically respond to specific ligands, being themselves the main constituent of new-generation biosensors. The molecular basis, robustness and application of allosteric enzymatic biosensing are revised here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Villaverde
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Rocha I, Ferreira E. On-line simultaneous monitoring of glucose and acetate with FIA during high cell density fermentation of recombinant E. coli. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Ferrer-Miralles N, Feliu JX, Vandevuer S, Müller A, Cabrera-Crespo J, Ortmans I, Hoffmann F, Cazorla D, Rinas U, Prévost M, Villaverde A. Engineering regulable Escherichia coli beta-galactosidases as biosensors for anti-HIV antibody detection in human sera. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:40087-95. [PMID: 11479300 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m104704200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of engineered, peptide-displaying enzymes is modulated by binding to specific anti-peptide antibodies. This new concept of a quantitative antibody detection system allows test kits to be set up for fast diagnosis of infectious diseases. To develop a quick and homogeneous assay for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, we have explored two acceptor sites of the bacterial Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase for the accommodation of HIV antigenic peptides. Two overlapping epitopes (namely P1 and P2) from the gp41 envelope glycoprotein, contained in different sized peptides, were inserted in the vicinity of the enzyme active site to generate a set of hybrid, enzymatically active beta-galactosidases. Regulable enzymes of different responsiveness to monoclonal antibody binding were generated with both acceptor sites tested. These biosensors were also sensitive to immune sera from HIV-infected patients. Modeling data provide insight into the structural modifications in the vicinity of the active site induced by peptide insertion that strongly affect the responsiveness of the engineered proteins through different parameters of their catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ferrer-Miralles
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Abstract
The paper gives a review on the recent development of bioprocess engineering. It includes monitoring of product formation processes by flow injection analysis, various types of chromatographic and spectroscopic methods as well as by biosensors. The evaluation of mycelial morphology and physiology by digital image analysis is discussed also. It deals with advanced control of indirectly evaluated process variables by means of state estimation/observer, with the use of structured and hybrid models, expert systems and pattern recognition for process optimization and gives a short report on the state of the art of metabolic flux analysis and metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schügerl
- Institut für Technische Chemie der Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3, D-30167, Hannover, Germany.
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cazorla
- Institut de Biologia Fonamental and Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; telephone: 34‐935812148; fax: 34‐935812011
| | - Jordi X. Feliu
- Institut de Biologia Fonamental and Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; telephone: 34‐935812148; fax: 34‐935812011
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- Institut de Biologia Fonamental and Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; telephone: 34‐935812148; fax: 34‐935812011
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11
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Ferrer-Miralles N, Feliu JX, Villaverde A. Molecular mechanisms for antibody-mediated modulation of peptide-displaying enzyme sensors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 275:360-4. [PMID: 10964671 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The generation of molecular sensors based on peptide-displaying enzymes for the detection of antibodies or antigens represents an innovative field of protein engineering. The knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms of enzymatic modulation in such sensors would be of great importance for the rational construction and improvement of responsiveness of new peptide-enzyme molecules. Here we analyze the enzymatic characteristics of three different kinds of sensors based in engineered beta-galactosidase, alkaline phosphatase and beta-lactamase, to explore a common activation basis. We describe two different categories of enzyme sensors. In one of them, including only some modified beta-lactamases, the enzymatic activity is inhibited upon ligand binding and it seems to be caused by the steric coverage of the active site by the bound antibody. In a second group, embracing members of the three studied enzymes, the ability to be modulated upon effector binding depends on the ratio between the k(cat) of the engineered enzyme and the k(cat) of the intact enzyme. This proves a common mechanism for enzymatic modulation of enzyme biosensors that is probably caused by conformational effects induced by the bound antibody on the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ferrer-Miralles
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Institut de Biologia Fonamental, Barcelona, 08193, Spain.
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12
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Feliu JX, Carbonell X, Villaverde A. Successful mimicry of a complex viral antigen by multiple peptide insertions in a carrier protein. FEBS Lett 2000; 474:87-92. [PMID: 10828457 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The antigenic properties of a viral peptide from the surface of foot-and-mouth disease virus particles have been successfully mimicked by multiple insertion in solvent-exposed regions of Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase. By increasing the number of viral peptides per enzyme monomer, the average IC(50) of hybrid proteins in a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) have decreased to values close to that presented by natural virions. Moreover, the antigenic diversity of these new recombinant enzymes when measured with different anti-virus antibodies has also been largely reduced, indicating a better presentation of the epitopes located in the viral peptide. Although bivalent antibody binding could have been favoured by multiple presentation, conformational modifications of the viral peptide, due to the presence of other insertions or a cooperative antibody binding cannot be excluded. In addition, a multidimensional antigenic analysis have grouped together the multiple-inserted proteins with the native virus, suggesting that increasing the number of insertions could be a good strategy to reproduce the antigenic properties of an immunoreactive peptide in a natural multimeric disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Feliu
- Institut de Biologia Fonamental and Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Belllaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
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13
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Abstract
The Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase is a high molecular mass tetrameric enzyme extensively used as a molecular marker. Despite its proven utility as a partner in fusion proteins, previous attempts to generate insertional mutants rendered inactive or poorly active enzymes, hampering its further engineering for the construction of multifunctional enzymes. We have explored several solvent-exposed loops on the tetramer, namely those spanning residues 246-254, 271-287, 578-584, 770-773, and 793-806, as acceptor sites to accommodate functional protein segments on the surface of active beta-galactosidase enzymes. An RGD-containing antigenic peptide positioned in these sites interacts efficiently with specific monoclonal antibodies as well as target integrins on the surface of mammalian cells. The resulting chimeric enzymes are soluble, stable, produced in high yields and enzymatically active. Moreover, the identified insertion sites could be appropriated for the design of promising beta-galactosidase-based molecular sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Feliu
- Institut de Biologia Fonamental and Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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14
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Villaverde A, Feliu JX, Harbottle RP, Benito A, Coutelle C. A recombinant, arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motif from foot-and-mouth disease virus binds mammalian cells through vitronectin and, to a lower extent, fibronectin receptors. Gene 1996; 180:101-6. [PMID: 8973352 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(96)00413-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The cell-binding abilities of a recombinant, RGD-containing peptide from foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have been characterized in HeLa and BHK cells. This peptide represents the aa sequence of the solvent-exposed G-H loop of protein VP1 which is involved in cell recognition and infection. The efficiency of the viral motif in promoting cell attachment and spreading is comparable to that shown by fibronectin or vitronectin. Cell binding is inhibited by a monoclonal antibody directed against a viral, RGD-involving B-cell epitope and also by sera against vitronectin (alpha V beta 3/beta 5) and fibronectin (alpha 5 beta 1) receptors. In addition, a synthetic RGD peptide, which is a ligand for both integrins, prevents the cell binding mediated by the FMDV domain. These data demonstrate that the FMDV RGD motif is a potent ligand for cell-receptor integrins and sufficient to promote cell attachment to susceptible cells mainly through the vitronectin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Villaverde
- Institut de Biologia Fonamental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Benito A, Feliu JX, Villaverde A. Beta-galactosidase enzymatic activity as a molecular probe to detect specific antibodies. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:21251-6. [PMID: 8702899 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.35.21251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The main antigenic region of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype C1, also called site A, has been inserted in zones of the beta-galactosidase important for the stabilization of the active site, causing important changes in the Km and the specific activity of the resulting enzymes. The peptide is displayed at the surface of the recombinant proteins and, in all the cases, presents a good antigenicity. Among the recombinant proteins constructed, in proteins M278VP1 and M275SVP1 the peptide is inserted in a large loop of the beta-galactosidase (amino acids 272-288) involved in the formation of the activating interface. In these constructs, the binding of the specific antibodies directed to the foreign peptide causes an increase of the beta-galactosidase activity up to about 200%. This phenomenon has been proved using monoclonal antibodies and also using polyclonal sera generated against the peptide. Different hypothesis of the mechanism of modulation upon antibody binding are discussed. This insertion site seems to be sensitive enough to enzymatic modulation mediated by antibody binding. We propose further exploring this insertion site as a tool for a rapid detection of specific antibodies in a quick and simple homogeneous assay based on the colorimetric determination of beta-galactosidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Benito
- Institut de Biologia Fonamental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Corchero JL, Viaplana E, Benito A, Villaverde A. The position of the heterologous domain can influence the solubility and proteolysis of beta-galactosidase fusion proteins in E. coli. J Biotechnol 1996; 48:191-200. [PMID: 8861998 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1656(96)01508-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The VP1 protein (23 kDa) of the foot-and-mouth disease virus has been produced in MC1061 and BL21 E. coli strains as beta-galactosidase fusion proteins, joined to either the amino and/or the carboxy termini of the bacterial enzyme. In BL21, devoid of La protease, all the recombinant fusion proteins are produced at higher yields than in MC1061, and occur mainly as inclusion bodies. The fusion of VP1 at the carboxy terminus yields a protease-sensitive protein whose degradation releases a stable, enzymatically active polypeptide indistinguishable from the native beta-galactosidase. On the contrary, when the same viral domain is fused to the amino terminus, the resulting chimeric protein is resistant to proteolysis even in the soluble form. These data demonstrate that the position of the heterologous domain in beta-galactosidase fusion proteins would not be irrelevant since it can dramatically influence properties of biotechnological interest such as solubility and proteolytic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Corchero
- Institut de Biologia Fonamental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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17
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Peptide insertions in ?-galactosidase activating interface can improve binding in TPEG-Sepharose affinity chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00159246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Benito A, Mateu MG, Villaverde A. Improved mimicry of a foot-and-mouth disease virus antigenic site by a viral peptide displayed on beta-galactosidase surface. BIO/TECHNOLOGY (NATURE PUBLISHING COMPANY) 1995; 13:801-4. [PMID: 9634810 DOI: 10.1038/nbt0895-801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A major antigenic site (site A) of foot-and-mouth disease virus includes multiple overlapping epitopes located within the flexible G-H loop of capsid protein VP1. We have studied the antigenicity of several recombinant E. coli beta-galactosidases displaying the site A from a serotype C virus in different surface regions of the bacterial enzyme. In each one of the explored insertion sites, the recombinant peptide shows different specificity with a set of anti-virus monoclonal antibodies directed to site A. In some of them, the inserted stretch mimics better than free or haemocyanin-coupled peptide the antigenicity of site A in the intact virus. In particular, an insertion within an exposed loop involved in the activating interface of beta-galactosidase (amino acids 272 to 287) led to a significant improvement of the overall reactivity. Since insertions at this site renders proteins enzymatically active, the activating interface could be an adequate place for the presentation of foreign antigens in correctly assembled beta-galactosidase tetramers. These results also suggest that anti-virus antibodies directed against the major antigenic site of FMDV recognize different conformations of the G-H loop, which are better reproduced in some of the recombinant proteins because of the dissimilar restrictions imposed by each particular insertion site.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Benito
- Institut de Biologia Fonamental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Benito A, Villaverde A. Insertion of a 27 amino acid viral peptide in different zones of Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase: effects on the enzyme activity. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1994; 123:107-12. [PMID: 7988875 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb07208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven internal, putatively exposed regions of Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase have been explored regarding their tolerance to insertions of large foreign peptides. Small sequence modifications, including amino acid substitutions and small deletions, were introduced into the lacZ gene to generate unique BamHI restriction sites. By using these mutant genes, a 27 amino acid stretch reproducing the hypervariable loop of foot-and-mouth disease virus VP1 protein (site A) was further inserted in predefined regions of the enzyme. Among the 13 resulting engineered proteins only three, carrying sequence modifications within a short region, are active, with only moderate reduction of their specific activities. The identified permissive region, which involves amino acids 275 to 279, seems to be a flexible area that could be appropriate to incorporate and study biological properties of heterologous peptides in correctly folded beta-galactosidase chimeric proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Benito
- Institut de Biologia Fondamental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Villaverde A, Benito A, Viaplana E, Cubarsi R. Fine regulation of cI857-controlled gene expression in continuous culture of recombinant Escherichia coli by temperature. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993; 59:3485-7. [PMID: 8250569 PMCID: PMC182479 DOI: 10.1128/aem.59.10.3485-3487.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression at different temperatures of the lacZ gene, which is controlled by the lambda pL and pR tandem promoters and the cI857 temperature-sensitive repressor, was studied in Escherichia coli continuous cultures. At temperatures between 30 and 42 degrees C, beta-galactosidase activity behaved according to an exponential equation. By inducing a culture at a temperature within this range, predefined, nearly constant submaximal levels of gene expression and recombinant product yield can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Villaverde
- Institut de Biologia Fonamental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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