1
|
Donati I, Christensen BE. Alginate-metal cation interactions: Macromolecular approach. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121280. [PMID: 37739522 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Alginates are a broad family of linear (unbranched) polysaccharides derived from brown seaweeds and some bacteria. Despite having only two monomers, i.e. β-d-mannuronate (M) and its C5 epimer α-l-guluronate (G), their blockwise arrangement in oligomannuronate (..MMM..), oligoguluronate (..GGG..), and polyalternating (..MGMG..) blocks endows it with a rather complex interaction pattern with specific counterions and salts. Classic polyelectrolyte theories well apply to alginate as polyanion in the interaction with monovalent and non-gelling divalent cations. The use of divalent gelling ions, such as Ca2+, Ba2+ or Sr2+, provides thermostable homogeneous or heterogeneous hydrogels where the block composition affects both macroscopic and microscopic properties. The mechanism of alginate gelation is still explained in terms of the original egg-box model, although over the years some novel insights have been proposed. In this review we summarize several decades of research related to structure-functionships in alginates in the presence of non-gelling and gelling cations and present some novel applications in the field of self-assembling nanoparticles and use of radionuclides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Donati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Bjørn E Christensen
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 6/8, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kanyuck K, Mills T, Norton I, Norton-Welch A. Swelling of high acyl gellan gum hydrogel: Characterization of network strengthening and slower release. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 259:117758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
3
|
Juriga D, Sipos E, Hegedűs O, Varga G, Zrínyi M, Nagy KS, Jedlovszky-Hajdú A. Fully amino acid-based hydrogel as potential scaffold for cell culturing and drug delivery. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:2579-2593. [PMID: 31921537 PMCID: PMC6941446 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymer hydrogels are ideal scaffolds for both tissue engineering and drug delivery. A great advantage of poly(amino acid)-based hydrogels is their high similarity to natural proteins. However, their expensive and complicated synthesis often limits their application. The use of poly(aspartic acid) (PASP) seems an appropriate solution for this problem due to the relatively cheap and simple synthesis of PASP. Using amino acids not only as building blocks in the polymer backbone but also as cross-linkers can improve the biocompatibility and the biodegradability of the hydrogel. In this paper, PASP cross-linked with cystamine (CYS) and lysine-methylester (LYS) was introduced as fully amino acid-based polymer hydrogel. Gels were synthesized employing six different ratios of CYS and LYS. The pH dependent swelling degree and the concentration of the elastically active chain were determined. After reduction of the disulfide bonds of CYS, the presence of thiol side groups was also detected. To determine the concentration of the reactive cross-linkers in the hydrogels, a new method based on the examination of the swelling behavior was established. Using metoprolol as a model drug, cell proliferation and drug release kinetics were studied at different LYS contents and in the presence of thiol groups. The optimal ratio of cross-linkers for the proliferation of periodontal ligament cells was found to be 60-80% LYS and 20-40% CYS. The reductive conditions resulted in an increased drug release due to the cleavage of disulfide bridges in the hydrogels. Consequently, these hydrogels provide new possibilities in the fields of both tissue engineering and controlled drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Juriga
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad square 4, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Evelin Sipos
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad square 4, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Hegedűs
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad square 4, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Varga
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad square 4, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Zrínyi
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad square 4, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina S Nagy
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad square 4, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad square 4, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Angéla Jedlovszky-Hajdú
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad square 4, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Winkler MKH, Bassin JP, Kleerebezem R, van der Lans RGJM, van Loosdrecht MCM. Temperature and salt effects on settling velocity in granular sludge technology. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:5445-5451. [PMID: 23125999 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Settling velocity is a crucial parameter in granular sludge technology. In this study the effects of temperature and salt concentrations on settling velocities of granular sludge particles were evaluated. A two-fold slower settling velocity for the same granules was observed when the temperature of water decreases from 40 °C to 5 °C. Settling velocities also decreased with increasing salt concentrations. Experiments showed that when granules were not pre-incubated in a solution with increased salt concentration, they initially floated. The time dependent increase in mass and hence in settling speed of a granule due to salt diffusion into the granule was dependent on the granule diameter. The time needed for full salt equilibrium with the bulk liquid took 1 min for small particles from the top of the sludge bed and up to 30 min for big granules from the bottom of the sludge bed. These results suggest that temperature and salt concentration are important parameters to consider in the design, start-up and operation of granular sludge reactors and monitoring of these parameters will aid in a better control of the sludge management in anaerobic and aerobic granular sludge technology. The observations also give an explanation for previous reports which were suggesting that a start-up of granular sludge reactors is more difficult at low temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M-K H Winkler
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Kluyver Laboratory, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Winkler MKH, Bassin JP, Kleerebezem R, van der Lans RGJM, van Loosdrecht MCM. Temperature and salt effects on settling velocity in granular sludge technology. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:3897-3902. [PMID: 22613068 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Settling velocity is a crucial parameter in granular sludge technology. In this study the effects of temperature and salt concentrations on settling velocities of granular sludge particles were evaluated. A two-fold slower settling velocity for the same granules where observed when the temperature of water decreases from 40 °C to 5 °C. Settling velocities also decreased with increasing salt concentrations. Experiments showed that when granules were not pre-incubated in a solution with increased salt concentration, they initially floated. The time dependent increase in mass and hence in settling speed of a granule due to salt diffusion into the granule was dependent on the granule diameter. The time needed for full salt equilibrium with the bulk liquid took 1 min for small particles from the top of the sludge bed and up to 30 min for big granules from the bottom of the sludge bed. These results suggest that temperature and salt concentration are important parameters to consider in the design, start-up and operation of granular sludge reactors and monitoring of these parameters will aid in a better control of the sludge management in anaerobic and aerobic granular sludge technology. The observations also give an explanation for previous reports which were suggesting that a start-up of granular sludge reactors is more difficult at low temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M-K H Winkler
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
For over a half a century now, microencapsulation has played a very important role in many industries and in the recent decades, this versatile technology has been applied to numerous biotechnology and medical processes. However, successful application in these areas requires a methodology which has the capability to produce mono-dispersed, homogenous-shaped capsules, with a narrow size distribution, using a short production time. The manufacture of capsules using vibrating technology has gained significant interest mainly due to its simplistic approach to produce homogenous microcapsules with the desired characteristics for biotechnological and medical processes. However, certain limitations still exist for this methodology, which include the inability to manufacture microcapsules at large quantities and/or using highly viscous polymers. In this review, a detailed description of the theoretical and practical aspects behind the production of different types of alginate-based microcapsules, for application in biotechnological and medical processes, using vibrating technology, is given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micheal Whelehan
- Laboratory of Integrated Bioprocessing, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Turco G, Donati I, Grassi M, Marchioli G, Lapasin R, Paoletti S. Mechanical Spectroscopy and Relaxometry on Alginate Hydrogels: A Comparative Analysis for Structural Characterization and Network Mesh Size Determination. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1272-82. [DOI: 10.1021/bm101556m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Turco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ivan Donati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Information Technology, University of Trieste, via Valerio 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Marchioli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Romano Lapasin
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Information Technology, University of Trieste, via Valerio 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sergio Paoletti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chan AW, Neufeld RJ. Modeling the controllable pH-responsive swelling and pore size of networked alginate based biomaterials. Biomaterials 2009; 30:6119-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
9
|
Şolpan D, Torun M. Synthesis and characterization of sodium alginate/acrylamide semi-interpenetrating polymer networks. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.23113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
10
|
Şolpan D, Torun M. Investigation of complex formation between (sodium alginate/acrylamide) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks and lead, cadmium, nickel ions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
11
|
Danielsen S, Maurstad G, Stokke BT. DNA-polycation complexation and polyplex stability in the presence of competing polyanions. Biopolymers 2005; 77:86-97. [PMID: 15612043 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte complex (polyplex) formation was studied by employing tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) and an ethidium bromide fluorescence assay. The polycations chitosan and poly-L-lysine were used to compact DNA and the stability of the polyplexes was evaluated upon exposure to competing polyanions (alginate and xanthan). Furthermore, the relative preference of these polycations for DNA and the competing polyanion was investigated. The results showed that neither poly-L-lysine nor chitosan displayed any selectivity in binding to DNA relative to the competing polyanions, demonstrating the importance of electrostatics in the binding of a polycation to a polyanion. However, the ability of the polyanions to destabilize the DNA-polycation complexes depended on both the polyanion and the polycation employed, indicating that polymer-specific properties are also important for the complexation behavior and polyplex stability. Destabilization experiments further showed that annealing yielded complexes that were less prone to disruption upon subsequent exposure to alginate. Annealing experiments of plasmid DNA-chitosan complexes showed an increased fraction of rods following temperature treatment, indicating that the rods most likely are the more stable morphology for this system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Signe Danielsen
- Biophysics and Medical Technology, Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Klucinec JD, Thompson DB. Amylopectin Nature and Amylose-to-Amylopectin Ratio as Influences on the Behavior of Gels of Dispersed Starch. Cereal Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem.2002.79.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D. Klucinec
- Department of Food Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Donald B. Thompson
- Department of Food Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Corresponding author. E-mail: Phone: (814) 863-2950. Fax: (814) 863-6132
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim YJ, Yoon KJ, Ko SW. Preparation and properties of alginate superabsorbent filament fibers crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. J Appl Polym Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-4628(20001205)78:10<1797::aid-app110>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
14
|
|
15
|
Sartori C, Finch DS, Ralph B, Gilding K. Determination of the cation content of alginate thin films by FTi.r. spectroscopy. POLYMER 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(96)00458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
16
|
Guo B, Stokke BT, Elgsaeter A. Swelling of scleroglucan gels in binary DMSO/water solvents. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0927-7757(96)03515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|